Badlands Off-Road Adventures

Wild Flower Season is Here!

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-02-27

2010 Wild Flower report

We have had more rain this winter then in the recent couple of years. It should make for a good bloom of wild flowers - Perhaps not as spectacular as 2005 but very well worth getting out to the desert this spring to see them.

The Desert USA web site is my primary source for the status of wildflowers in the spring. They cover Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas.

If you go to the Southern California report, with this direct link: Southern California Wild flower Report, you can drill down to additional reports specific to Anza Borrego Desert State Part, Death Valley NP, Joshua Tree NP, and Mojave National Preserve .

Photo by Lion (see the little frog)

The peak bloom has already started in Anza Borrego Desert State Park.

It is well ahead of the other areas. (http://www.desertusa.com/wildflo/ca_abdsp.html )

This is a quota from Desert USA for the Anza Borrego Area left Feb 26, 2010.

�About half of the desert annuals have begun blooming, with the rest to follow in the next month. This is the exciting phase of peak bloom, where every trip reveals additional species blooming, and finds fields of bloom from species that only had a few individuals blooming just a week earlier. Peak bloom at elevations of about 1000 feet on the desert floor should continue for at least several weeks, through March. Its end will come whenever the temperatures hit 80� or above for a week or two. Peak bloom in the canyons to the west of Borrego Springs should begin in a few weeks, sometime in early March. Peak bloom is defined here as the time period when you can see the maximum number of species in bloom on a given one or two day trip, as well as the maximum number of individual plants in bloom.�

Here is some advice from the official State park web site for Anza Borrego Desert State park.

�Suggested times for enjoying the flowers

During or immediately after a rain � Get out and enjoy the air when it�s filled with the aroma of the creosote bush.
Two weeks after a rain � Watch for new green leaves on Ocotillo branches. Look for fields of yellow Chinchweed. �

Visit the anza Borrego Desert State Park web site for their status reports.

If you go to Anza Borego DSP, expect large crowds in the best viewing areas that are accessible by 2-Wheel drive vehicles. With 4-Wheel Drive you will be able to drive further in - just stay on the trails! Hotel rooms will also be scarce for the next month or two. But there is plenty of camping available.

Use this rule of thumb to plan your trips this spring:
Blooming Periods

1,000 � 3,000 feet

Yuccas�March and April
Annuals�February, March, and April
Cacti�March, April, and May

3,000 � 5,000 feet

Joshua Trees and Yuccas�March and April
Annuals�March, April, and May
Cacti�April, May, and June

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Tierra Del Sol (TDS)

Come and visit us at TDS this year. The event is next weekend. The main day is Saturday March 6th. We will have a booth in the vendor area. This is a good opportunity to see the Wild Flower bloom in the lower desert. Most everyone camps near the vendor area. And stick around on Sunday morning for a Winching demo. Sponsored by Super Winch, we will do it in the area in front of the stage.

There are more details on the TDS web site and you can sign up for the trail and a raffle ticket. http://www.tdsdesertsafari.com/

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Death Valley March 19 -22

Not much time left to sign up! The Death Valley Adventure Starts March 19th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, visit Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp in the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. We might encounter wild flowers. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road Adventure April 17-19

On April 17th we take off from the Colorado River to follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. Again we might see wild flowers but for sure we will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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Rubicon Trail August 16-19

Time to sign up and start getting ready for the Rubicon trail. The Rubicon Trails is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good altitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. For more details.

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

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Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2010, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Your Gear Is Not Complete Without An Emergency Packet

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-02-11

Your Gear Is Not Complete

Without An Emergency Packet

Regular readers of this column know that I have stressed safety and preparedness several times. There�s good reason for that. When you�re off-road, especially several hours away from critical care, you have to be able to handle emergencies that may occur.

Previously I�ve touched on first aid kits and other gear. This time I�d like to cover another very important item, an emergency packet. As the name suggests, this is a packet of valuable information kept at your fingertips just in case something happens.

Emergencies are stressful situations. Common details like home phone numbers can be difficult to recall. An emergency packet becomes your �go to� source during difficult times.

If you are within cell range (or have a satellite phone) and have an emergency, by all means call 911. Not all situations are medical emergencies, of course. Your emergency packet contains other vital information that can help get you and your group out of a jam.

At a minimum the packet should contain the following information. Please note that certain details will change as you visit different areas.

A page of emergency numbers
Map(s) and directions to nearby hospitals, with phone numbers
Assessment forms for injuries and illness
First Aid & CPR booklets
Evacuation plans, including instructions regarding when and whether to transport out or call for evacuation
A page on vehicle recovery (safety reminders, planning steps)

Some phone numbers to list include:

Local sheriff�s department / police department
Park ranger of the recreation area you will be visiting
Federal Interagency at 909-383-5651. This is helpful if you�re on federal lands, such as Death Valley and Mojave Desert. It�s a central dispatch center. They�ll route your call accordingly.
Poison Control at 800-222-1222

Ham radio operators should retain a list of area 2 m and 70 cm repeater frequencies (and CTCSS tones), as well as the national calling frequencies (146.520 MHz and 446.000 MHz). Remember that those are simplex frequencies, so program your radio accordingly.

In addition to the contact information for area hospitals, I suggest developing a map showing possible route(s). Provide clear instructions on the map as well, so drivers don�t have to rely entirely on the lines or highlighter markings you�ve made. Review the area carefully, and note that there may be more than one hospital within range depending on where you are in your route.

Make several copies of these maps. The driver transporting someone out gets a copy, of course. But if you need to evac someone, family members can be given a map to help them find the hospital.

Speaking of transporting, make sure to send at least two vehicles. The additional vehicles act a backup, to make sure you�ll be able to get the person out (or at least send out a messenger). Not all transports need to get to the highway, either. I tell drivers to continue trying the phone until they make contact with emergency responders. They may be able to meet the driver part way, thereby saving valuable time.

As I said, if you�re able to place a call, dial 911. If you�re not, you�ll need to decide whether to transport the person, or send other drivers out to get help. Start with an assessment of the person�s injuries or illness. That�s why I suggest including an assessment checklist or SOAP Note (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) Tear sheets in the emergency packet. Once you understand what you�re dealing with, you can apply necessary first aid, and you�re in a better position to identify the resources you require.

The assessment forms and the SOAP Note Tear Sheets are available from a variety of online sources. Buy enough copies for your first aid kit, glove compartment, and go bag.
Any of the First Aid booklets from EMS Safety Services contains an assessment form that can be pulled out and copied. Here is the link.

http://shop.emssafetyservices.com/First-Aid_c_20.html
It would be a good idea to carry one of these booklets in the packet as well as one in your first aid kit. The books are slim (44 pages) and only $4.50.

You can order a booklet of Soap Notes Tear Sheets from Wilderness Medical Associates at http://www.wildmed.com/blog/gear-store/soap-notes/
The cost is $5.95 for a book of about 8 sheets. The book can be split up (or order multiple booklets) to put several sheets each in the emergency packet and in your first aid kit.

Wilderness Medical Associates also has a great First Aid Field Guide for $21.95. http://www.wildmed.com/blog/gear-store/the-field-guide-of-wilderness-rescue-medicine/

Carry this one in your pocket !

As you can see, a emergency packet is an extremely important part of your �gear.� Spend a few moments developing one before your next off-road excursion. It could prove to be a life-saver.

Winching & Recovery on YouTube

Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc. now has its own 4x4 training channel on YouTube. We recently cleaned up 15 chapters on Winching and recovery Techniques plus two bonus chapters to take advantage of new higher quality resolution available on YouTube.

I recently received this comment from

Floyd L. Jennings of Houston, TX

"I had opportunity to review your sequence of brief training videos viz. using a winch and wanted to say the following:

Thanks for making them available on the net;
You have an easy manner as a teacher that is very engaging and is absent of the arrogance that is all too common among others;
Even old-timers like me can and do learn by watching a refresher�.especially as this is not my business and there is little opportunity for repetition as a learning tool."

You can access the YouTube channel at http://www.youtube.com/4x4Training.

We have a high quality DVD available for $15.00. Call if you want to purchase one.

Enjoy!

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Tierra Del Sol (TDS)

Come and visit us at TDS this year. The event is the first weekend in March. The main day is Saturday March 6th. We will have a booth in the vendor area.

There are more details on the TDS web site and you can sign up for the trail and a raffle ticket. http://www.tdsdesertsafari.com/

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Death Valley

The Death Valley Adventure Starts March 19th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, visit Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp in the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. We might encounter wild flowers. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road Adventure April 17

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Rubicon Trail August 16

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:
Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Man's Best Friend Makes A Great Off-Road Companion

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-01-18

Photos by Snoopy

When we think of trip companions, friends, family members, co-workers, and others readily come to mind. All too often one important �family member� gets left behind: your dog. Many times we assume that our four-legged friends aren�t compatible, are too much of a bother, or would just cause trouble. Sure, there are times and places that shouldn�t include any pet, but more often than not, your dog would be a nice complement to your trip outdoors.

Dogs, especially certain breeds , are a natural. In fact, they crave the outdoors. Recall how often you�ve taken your �buddy� out for a run, and it seemed as if Buddy would never want to leave. That flashing tail, darting nose, and excited eyes tell you just how much he was enjoying himself.

Having a dog entails a certain amount of responsibility, of course. They require regular feeding and exercise, and therefore are an obligation. Because of this commitment, owners tend to leave their pets at home when they head out for a drive. Sadly, some people forgo the off-road experience because they are unable to find anyone to dog sit. That�s too bad.

We need to rethink this issue of bringing dogs along. A dog can bring so much to an outing that after the first off-road excursion, you�ll wonder why you don�t bring him along each time. With the right kind of preparation, your pet can add immeasurably to your experience outdoors.

You already spend quite a bit of time preparing for your trip. Accounting for a pet involves just a few extra steps and moments. Don�t let those stop you from enjoying a complete weekend.

First and foremost is care and safety of your dog. Pack sufficient food and a lot of water. If you will be driving more than an hour or so before going off-road, schedule a potty break for the pooch (maybe for yourself, as well). Consider weather conditions of your location. The desert gets blazing hot during the day, and the mountains can get very cold and snowy. Make sure your dog is kept out of the extremes.

Be mindful of the heat. With their furry coats, dogs are susceptible to heat stroke, which can be deadly.

I�d like to thank my son, Mike Severin DVM, for the following additional suggestions:

Apply a flea and tick preventative, such as Frontline� and Advantage� and a preventative against heartworm. Heartguard� is a good product.
Make sure the rabies and distemper shots are up to date. Ask your vet if other precautions might be necessary, considering the environment you will be in. Also ask whether the Lyme vaccine is appropriate.
Use a crate to transport your pet. That�s safer, especially when driving on bumpy roads or trails.
Record your phone number and the dog�s name on its collar. You may even consider having a microchip embedded in the dog.
Pack plastic bags to clean up after your pet and a stake and leash to keep him at the campsite.
Clean up any antifreeze spill! Antifreeze smells and tastes good to your dog, but it is lethal.

Be considerate of the other campers in your group. Some may be allergic to pets, while others may be bringing pets of their own. Observe how your pet interacts with other humans and dogs once you arrive. Bear in mind that it may take several hours for all the pets to get acclimated to each other and the humans.

The outdoors are beautiful, but also contain their share of hazards. Plants like cacti (discussed in Prickly Thing In The Desert Can Put A Hole In Your Plans) and critters such as wolves and cougars present special challenges. Smaller dogs are especially susceptible to being grabbed by a large predator.

You also need to stay informed on regulations regarding pets on public lands. Most, if not all, public areas require your dog to be leashed. You should always clean up after your pet, and walk only on designated trails. Don�t allow your dog to harass wild animals. In the case of skunks and porcupines, Fido can easily learn a nasty lesson. But make sure your dog doesn�t chase deer, squirrels, or other animals. All of you�humans and pets alike�should enjoy the stroll together.

Taking your dog along creates those memories that last a lifetime. They are, after all, a part of your family. Just like a family member, they can enjoy the outdoors and enhance your overall experience. The next time you make plans for an off-road excursion, plan on taking along your four-legged friend. You�ll be glad you did.

You�ll be glad you did.

Easter Safari March 29, 2010

LAST CHANCE to sign up for Easter Safari March 29 � April 2. We will close registraton January 29th. All the trail rides are assigned by lottery. The submission date for the lottery is early to mid February. As of Jan, 29, I will be cancelling the extra hotel reservations.

You need to register right away at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#EJS.

Check out http://4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

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Tread Trainer Clinic February 19, 2010

There is a Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic Feb 19, 2010 in Sacramento as part of the CA4WDC Convention. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

More details on line at http://www.4x4training.com/TrainingClinics/Tread.html .

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Tread.

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Rocks Clinic January 30 and Feburary 6, 2010

The Janurary Class will be in Johnson Valley and the Febuary Class will be at Calico. This is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take out time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

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Sand Clinic February 21, 2010

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for February 21st and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Winch Clinic February 28, 2010

Make plans to attend this Winch clinic. We will be holding it at a new location. This one day clinic starts with the basics. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

I hope to see you on the trails!

Dont Trash the Environment

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-12-26

It�s no secret that Americans generate a lot of trash. Millions of tons of it every year. Not all of it ends up in garbage cans, either. Our streets are littered with cigarette butts, gum wrappers, and other trash. Sadly, our parks and other recreational areas are also cluttered with this stuff.

As a conscientious 4-wheeler, you adhere to the Tread Lightly! philosophy. One of its core principals implores you to leave an area in as good or better condition as you found it. You know you�ll be taking supplies with you, so what can you do about your garbage and trash?

This whole process starts even before you leave home. The best way to minimize the amount of trash you generate is to eliminate as much packaging as possible. Take cereal, for example. You don�t need that big box with you. Pack just the bag of cereal inside. A rubber band will keep the bag closed, and you can use the rubber band for other things. Ditto for the plastic bag. If you eat up all your cereal, fold up the bag for future use.

Some products, such as glue and batteries, often come with extra packaging. The individual unit(s) are blister-packed onto a larger package. Take out the one or two items you need for your trip, and leave the rest, including all the packaging, behind.

Beverages present other opportunities for creative packing. If you�re a wine drinker, transfer the wine to a soft plastic container or the Platypus Platy Preserve Wine Preserver Bladder. The wine tastes just as good, and you�re not stuck with an empty bottle. Plus, as noted above, you can use the bladder to hold other stuff if you manage to polish off your wine.

Glass bottles present a real challenge. They break easily, and take up lots of space. In fact, some public lands prohibit glass containers. When possible, consider buying beverages that come in aluminum cans. Once emptied, you can crush them into mini-pancakes for easy storage.

Steel (�tin�) cans also are a bit of a hassle. They don�t crush down well, so unless you can find a new use for empty cans, you�re stuck with bulky trash.

Many folks like to cook while off road. You can save on waste and packaging there, too. Chop or cut up your onions, peppers, carrots, and whatnot at home, taking only the amounts you need for your weekend meal(s). You save space and have less garbage left over.

Food waste presents a special problem for the outdoors. It takes up space, and attracts unwanted critters to the campsites. You�ve heard of the grizzly bears in Yellowstone digging through Dumpsters and climbing into people�s cars. Out here in the southwest, we have a real problem with ravens. Their populations are soaring (700 percent in the past 25 years) because too many people are leaving food waste at their campsites. It doesn�t take much. A few crumbs or morsels at each site add up to a lot of food.

What�s the big deal with ravens? Other than a nuisance, ravens are a major threat to the tortoises. Until it is about five or six years old, a tortoise�s shell isn�t hard enough to protect the animal. A raven can easily puncture the shell and munch away.

Consider reusing your drinking water, when possible. The water used to wash potatoes and other vegetables, for example, can be used to clean your dishes. Afterward, that water contains chunks of food which, as noted above, attracts ravens and other critters. Strain the water through a commercial-size coffee filter or similar product to remove the food particles. Pour that water on your campfire ashes to make sure they�re out.

What about burning trash? That�s a bad idea, too. For starters, it is tough on the environment. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality addressed this issue in its brochure titled, �Don�t Burn Trash at Your Campsite�:

�Burning trash, even paper, can release acidic gases, heavy metals, particulates, and toxic chemicals such as dioxin into the environment.�

Further, trash burning is a significant cause of wild fires, and the ash can contaminate soil and groundwater. If you must burn anything, use a fire pan so you can collect the ashes and throw them away when you get home. Many areas now require the use of a fire pan even for campfires.

There is a new product on the market that makes it even easier to haul your trash out. The Trasharoo carries up to 50 pounds of trash on your spare tire. A 30 gallon trash bag will fit inside and the sturdy Trasharoo is lashed to the tire so it does not flop around like a burlap bag. www.trasharoo.com

Finally, make a point to pick up trash you see along the way. Unlike hikers and backpackers, you have lots of extra room for trash. And as an off-road driver, you are held accountable for the garbage out there. It may not be fair, but that�s reality. Plus, we want to show everyone else that we are good stewards of the land. Leave your area in better condition than when you arrived. You�ll feel better, and our hobby will be better for it.

Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic January 09, 2010

by tom@4x4training.com — 2009-12-09

There is a Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic Jan 9, 2010. We would like to encourage you to sign up for the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

Prickly Things In The Desert Can Put A Hole In Your Plans

tom@4x4training.com — 2009-11-29

The desert is an amazing place. Despite the harsh conditions, numerous plants and animals thrive there. Many plants, including cacti, bloom in the spring and summer, bringing tremendous color to the otherwise drab surroundings.

Looks can be deceiving, however. Certain plants may be appealing to the eyes, but can ruin your afternoon if you get too close. Needles on the Cholla plants, for example, can easily puncture clothing and even tires. The Yucca plant and Cat�s Claw also present hazards, and should be avoided.

The Cholla

as you might expect, is a member of the cactus family. Found throughout North and South America, it can grow up to 10 feet high depending on type. The following Chollas are found extensively in the southwestern part of the United States.

Photo by Lion (RIP)

Buckhorn

So named because its shape resembles antlers from a deer or elk. Its numerous stalks or �arms� are covered with short, stiff needles that can easily poke through clothing and skin.

Jumping Cholla

Also called the �teddy bear� Cholla because its many needles give it a fuzzy, huggable appearance. But you don�t want to hug one of these babies. In fact, you don�t really want to get close. The needles have a knack for jumping out at you�hence the name�and breaking off. No, this isn�t science fiction; it�s real.

Pencil Cholla

Comprised of many tall, thin stalks, these plants resemble cornstalks bundled up in fall. But don�t let the innocent appearance fool you. Those stalks�needles, actually�are razor sharp with needle-like tips.

Other plants to watch for include:

Cat�s claw

This is a vine, but it looks like a bush. Its name comes from the claw-like thorns that sprout throughout the plant. The thorns are small and may be hidden under leaves. It�s easy for your clothing to get hung up and for you to get cut up by the thorns as you�re walking by. Those things are nasty, so stay away.

Yucca plant

Though not as annoying as a cactus, the long, pointed leaves of the Yucca tree can scratch or poke pretty well. On a trip in the Baja a few years ago, one of the guys wearing shorts was jabbed. It required a bit of digging in his thigh to remove the tip of the yucca stem.

Photo by Lion (RIP)

Getting poked by a needle or thorn won�t kill you. These aren�t punji sticks, but any puncture should be treated. Needles often have a tiny barb at the end. After sticking you, the needle will often burrow into your skin making it difficult to remove.

If you get stuck by a needle, carefully remove it and clean the wound thoroughly. You can get a nasty infection if you allow the wound to fester. Make sure your first aid kit contains tweezers and some antibiotic ointment.

Needles from the Cholla plants can puncture tires as well, so keep your distance. Those are handled as you would any other puncture. (see Tire Problems Shouldn�t Deflate Your Day) If the tire has been sliced open, however, you�ll need to swap on your spare.

The bottom line: When in the desert, take in the beauty and serenity of your surroundings, but keep the plants at a safe distance.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Products SEMA 2009

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-11-20

SEMA was understandable smaller this year and I had a lot less time to spend at the show. (The company�s annual meeting required leaving Tuesday evening for North Dakota). Never the less, it was a good show and the �off-road nation� is still innovating. I enjoyed renewing old acquaintances and meeting new ones! Even with the short look around, a few products caught my eye. I am sure you will see these products and many more as the big 4x4 magazines crank up their stories about the show and all the goodies in the next few months.

Ignition Keyed Padlock

One of the coolest things I saw was a padlock that can be keyed to the ignition key. You don�t have to carry extra keys with you. All the locks can be set to work on your ignition key. It fits Ford, GM and Chrysler (Jeep). When you first buy the lock , insert your ignition key into it and turn it half way. The lock will memorize the key pattern. From then on your ignition key can be used to unlock the padlock. This is a �once and done� process, so it cannot be rekey for another ignition later. BTW, I asked, and for now Toyota owners are out of luck. They do not have a system yet for Toyota keys. I have one on order, to test it!!!
http://www.allegiscorp.com/docs/oneKeyPadlockFlyer.pdf http://www.allegiscorp.com/

Tie Down

This one appealed to me as a simple, clean solution when you only need a few strategically placed tie downs. The base is 1-3/4" round with two counter sunk holes. It is made of anodized aluminum. The holes are 1" on center and fit a #10 screw. You can just see the backing plate that is provided in the plastic bag. The plunger has a safe working load of 1,000 lbs and a break strength of 4000 lbs. when mounted vertical.

Network Enterprises
PO Box 930063
Wixom, MI 48393
800-690-0425 http://www.cargonets.com/

Jackmate for Hi Lift

Rescue 42 was the 2009 SEMA winner for best new off-road product of the year This tool may look familiar. It was previously manufactured by Massdam. They have been impossible to get hold of until now. I heard Massdam quit manufacturing the tool but cannot find any info. While this will look familiar to many of you, Rescue 42 has re-acquired the patent on their unique accessory for the Hi �lift jack and made a few changes. If you look carefully at the picture you will see a new notch not in the prior versions of the product. The notch can be used to stretch chain link fence and serve double duty as a beer cap opener at the end of the day! It is available in 4 colors (red, black, green, silver) The Jack Mate� - Lift Jack Accessory is designed as a manual extrication & rescue tool. "The Jack Mate� replaces a standard lift jack's limited capacity top clamp with a multipurpose attachment and is rated to the full capacity of the jack as a clamp, winch, spreader or a base. The Jack Mate� slides over either end of the jack bar and is attached with a quick-release pin. As a top clamp, the Jack Mate� dramatically increases the jack's winching, clamping and crushing capabilities. As a replacement for the jack base, the Jack Mate� is engineered to "bite" into boards or logs to help prevent the jack from sinking in mud, sand, ice and snow. Updated features for 2009 include a super-grip, diamond plate top, wire fence pulling slots (and bottle opener), an easier pin for attaching the Jack Mate� to the jack, and quick release replacement pin for the jack's base.

http://www.rescue42.com/jmr42.php
http://www.rescue42.com/

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Even with SEMA a bit smaller this year, there was an over whelming display of products and vehicles. I could have spent much more time, but that was all I had time for of the many products at SEMA this year.

Meet At The Trailhead, And Caravan In From There

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-10-15

One of the cardinal rules of our hobby is that you always ride in groups. Never go off road alone. The extra vehicle(s) can be used to transport you out in case of an emergency, and can also be used for recovery and towing, even provide spare parts in a pinch.

Knowing that they intend to go with a group, many people wonder: Does it make sense to meet at the trailhead or caravan the way down?

My suggestion is to meet at or near the trailhead, and go in as a group from there.

There are a number of reasons for this.

First, you can�t coordinate your pit stops very well. The various drivers and riders need breaks at different times. Some people can withstand a couple hours on the road. Others need to pull off every 30 minutes or so. It�s not just bathroom breaks, either. Some people get a sore butt sooner than others, or simply want to grab a bite to eat.

Now factor in the gas stops for larger vehicles or those towing something. Those drivers need to pull off more frequently than others. All these factors are compounded the longer the drive is. A two-hour drive is one thing. Imagine going from El Segundo, CA to St. George, Utah. You�re talking more than 270 miles. That�s about five hours on the highway, including any stops.

Drivers aren�t always able to leave at the same time, either. Some are ready to shove off at the crack of dawn, while others may not be able to leave until noon. Still others have to work all day, so they�re looking at more like a 5:00 departure.

Another factor to consider is your speed. The guy at the back of the pack typically needs to drive 5 to 10 mph faster than the lead vehicle. This is especially true in hilly or high-traffic areas. Heavier vehicles and those towing something often slow down as they start up a hill. In heavy traffic you�re always dealing with other cars darting in and out of your lane. The trailing vehicles are constantly adjusting their speed, and have to speed up at times to make up ground.

As a result, the lead driver must make sure his speed never exceeds the posted limit, or the trailing car may find itself going way over the speed limit at times.

In addition, some vehicles get maxxed out at higher speeds, especially when forced to gear down for a hill. Others start shaking at highway speeds. It�s always best for each driver to set his or her own speed. Driving independently allows them to do that.

Finally, caravans tend to encourage a �follow the leader� mentality. The lead driver, having done all the route planning, is the one concentrating the most; the rest of the pack just follows him. Imagine what happens if the lead driver gets lost or misses a turn. Everyone is driving around like a chicken with its head cut off.

The following steps will help ensure that you and your group get to the trailhead on time and in good spirits.

1. Select a meeting place at or near the trailhead. Truck rest stops, chain restaurants, and gas stations with convenience stores are great choices. Your riders can gas up, use the restroom, and grab any last-minute provisions. Plus, the parking lot is usually large enough to accommodate several vehicles at once.

2. Provide the address�sometimes it�s just the intersections of highways X and Y�and, if possible, GPS coordinates and driving instructions. Let the other drivers find their way. Many will prefer the chance to travel at their own pace.

3. Pick a time that�s best for everyone. Poll your group, then give them enough time to make any arrangements. For longer distances some drivers will want to stop at a motel along the way. This is a good time to suggest that all drivers gas up before stopping for dinner or the night. Too many people put off that important step, only to realize the next day that they�re short on fuel. Gas up while you�re still in the mood.

Caravanning is best left for off-road driving. Let your drivers find the meeting place or trailhead on their own terms. It�ll make for a better start to your off-road adventure.

Wine Adds a Nice Touch to Your Outdoor Adventure

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-09-18

Four wheeling and camping are naturally somewhat rustic. You are, after all, away from home and all the creature comforts that surround you there. Even so, you can still add a touch of class and style to your trip in the form of a good bottle of wine.

Wine? While camping? Sure!

Many people enjoy a glass of wine with their meals while savoring the fresh air and scenery of the great outdoors. In fact, I�ve found that a glass of wine with a home-cooked meal prepared in a Dutch oven while sitting around the campfire with friends is one of the nicest pleasures of life.

So, you�re probably thinking: OK, I�ll take along some wine next time. Anything I need to know? I�m glad you asked.

First, remember never to mix alcohol and driving. Some people feel that because they�re off road there are few dangers to driving while intoxicated. In fact, it can actually be more dangerous. You may not confront other drivers out there, but the terrain can be much more demanding and treacherous than you�ll encounter while in the city. Wait until you�ve parked for the day before uncorking the wine.

Transporting any kind of glass bottle is tricky. Wine bottles, because they are also rather tall, can be especially challenging. They need to be secured and protected from the bumps and vibration your vehicle experiences while off road.

I like to wrap the bottle in a bed roll or a Therm-a-Rest�. They hold the bottle securely and offer a lot of padding. My wife does not think this is an acceptable risk. If the bottles break they will spill all over my bed roll! So you might be better off rolling them up in a heavy towel and packing them in your dish box.

Another possibility is a bracket arrangement similar to those used for fire extinguishers and flashlights. The Quick Fist� rubber brackets look like they would work quite well. Retailers that cater to 4WD enthusiasts often carry these types of brackets.

If you have a lot of people or consume a fair amount, you might look into this 10 liter French Wine Jerry Can

As you�re packing your vehicle; store the bottle(s) upright, because they�re less likely to get broken. Bottles lying on their sides, especially on top of each other, tend to get rattled and break.

You also need to consider the wine glasses. Plastic ones, although they may seem a little hokey, make a lot of sense out in the country. I prefer glass, and pack some cheap wine glasses I acquired sometime ago. If you choose glass, make sure to pack those properly, as well. Otherwise, you�ll be slurping wine from your coffee mug.

Speaking of mugs, I�ve found that a large soda cup from McDonald�s or other establishments holds a standard wine glass very well. Its wide base is more stable, so you can safely set the cup on the ground or in the sand with little worry it�ll tip over.

A cooler is a natural choice for carrying chilled goods, and that applies to alcoholic beverages, as well. However, if your cooler is too short for a wine bottle�and you have some spare change�consider buying a 12v refrigerator/freezer. These nifty units are tall enough for a wine bottle and plenty of other items since no space is used for ice. ARB recently introduced a new model loaded with innovation.

Like any packaged item, wine leaves behind a bottle�sometimes a big one�when it is gone. Be a good steward of the land and bring out your empty beer and wine bottles with all your other trash.

Another solution to the "wine bottle" issue is "wine in a box". There are some excellent vintages out there in a box.

I know someone who has a friend who transfers the wine into one of those Platypus bladders. The bladder can be rinsed and used for water later in the trip. In fact Platypus has a special design for wine. It is called the Platy Preserve.

I�m no wine specialist, but I�m pretty sure the jostling your vehicle takes has no effect on the sub $20 wine we take. It�ll get shaken up a bit, but that�s fine. My friends and I have enjoyed wine with many meals after a day of hearty off-road driving.

Finally, don�t forget your corkscrew! Otherwise, you and your loved one will be staring longingly at that bottle of merlot while you munch on your finely crafted dinner.

Take along a bottle of your favorite wine on your next off-road adventure. It will add a nice touch to your meal and your evening.

Tread Lightly! -- Reminder

As implied in the main article, a great way to eliminate trash on the trail is to leave it at home by repackaging food before the trip. Another technique that is very effective is to prepare the meals at home and freeze them. Besides eliminating the tomato paste can and the noodles box, the frozen disk helps keep your ice chest cold.

Tom�s Tips for Tranquil Tenting

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-08-26

OK, so the title of this column is a little cheesy. We�re in the dog days of summer, and my thinking cap has been chewed by my neighbor�s dog.

My suggestions are still good, so hang in there.

Camping is very popular with four-wheelers, and with some quality camping time left this year, I thought it would be a good time to revisit this topic. This isn�t Camping 101, however. Instead, I�d like to review some of the finer points of preparing for your trip.

The following suggestions are gleaned from years of experience in the outdoors. I think even veteran campers will find some of these useful. Let�s dig in.

� Freeze water bottles. They make great ice packs for your cooler, but also are a good source for cold water throughout the day. As you drink the melted run off, any water added will be kept chilled stretching your ice cold water to almost 2 bottles' worth. You can also freeze meat in advance for longer trips

� If shopping for a tent, pick one that�s easy to set up. I like at least a three-season tent, which features snaps on the outside to hold the tent poles. No need to run the poles through those fabric tunnels and the hassle involved. Also, try to find one with a rain fly that extends all the way to the ground. That will keep out sand and dust better. Purchase a footprint for your tent. This protects the tent floor from rough ground you may encounter and adds a layer of insulation (although a thin one). Many manufacturers produce these, though a large tarp can work as well. This footprint also keeps the bottom of the tent clean, meaning less mess during take down. Practice setting it up before your trip! This includes practice putting up the tent at night with your headlamp! I know, sounds kinda dorky but I can't tell you how many times we've had to set up in the dark.

� After setting up your tent, I suggest you tuck or fold the edges of the tarp under the tent to keep it from collecting rainwater and snow which is then funneled right under the tent.

� Position your tent so it faces downwind. That will help keep out dust and moisture. You can position your truck also to make a bit of a wind break. If you are in an area with lot of gnats/flies, face your tent door into the wind. The flying insects like to loiter in the lee of your tent!

� Tie a small rope on each tent stake (about a 1�- 2� loop). This will make it easier to pull up the stake in hard or frozen ground. If need be, you can cut or untie the rope and save the tent loops. (You can use a propane torch to thaw metal stakes that are frozen in the ground. Remove the tent first, of course.)

Speaking of cold, if your eggs are frozen in the morning, peel them like a hardboiled egg and melt them in a flying pan. Then enjoy scrambled eggs!

� I like to roll up my tent from the backside. That way I always know where the front door is for the next time.

Sleeping

Nights can get surprisingly chilly, especially in the mountains and desert. You won�t sleep well if you�re cold, and you shouldn�t get behind the wheel the next day if you haven�t had a good night�s rest.

� If you only have a 2-season bag, pack two sleeping bags or one sleeping bag and a blanket. Put the extra bag or blanket inside the main bag for warmth.

� Use a good insulator between the bag and the ground. When it is cold outside, the ground will serve as a gigantic heat sink and suck all of your warmth out. Some form of sleeping pad should be used both for insulation and comfort. I have found Therm-A-Rest air mattresses are great for camping. I still supplement the Therm-A-Rest up with a foam pad underneath.

� Synthetic materials dry out much better than down and can be compressed without as much loss in insulation as down. Cheaper too.

� If kids are part of the camping experience, a durable cotton cover on the bags can extend the life of your bag.

� Don't forget to pull tomorrows' clothes into your sleeping bag so that they are warm when you put them on in the morning!

� When you roll up your sleeping bag, put the head part in first. It will remain clean and dry.

� Store your sleeping bag open in a very large bag. Rolling it up compresses the fiber, causing it to lose some of its insulating capability. If you have access to a large dryer, tumble your sleeping bag for a few moments before leaving to fluff up the material.
Store your Therm-A-Rest fully open too. If you keep it compressed, it will not restore to its full thickness right away.

� Sleep uphill if there�s a slight grade to the land. It�s much more comfortable that way. If the grade has you feeling like you are going to roll off to one side, stuff tent bags, clothes, etc. under your sleeping bag at your hips and shoulders to create a berm.

� Your jacket makes a great pillow when rolled up or stuffed in the sleeping bag stuff bag.

� Don't leave anything out over night. It may blow away, animals may get into it, or snow could cover it all up and you will not be able to find it. Stow it back in your vehicle or in the tent. An exception: Don't store food in your tent or vehicle in bear country.

Now, get out there and enjoy the great outdoors!

PS - I would love to hear your tips! Send me an email.

Tread Lightly! -- Reminder

Pick a camp site that is already established. Don't disturb the environment to create a new camp site. "The best camp site is the one found - not built."

We no longer trench tents. New tent designs have a "bath tub" floor.

Pre-make food (chili, soup, etc) and freeze it as well so you reduce the trash to be hauled out. The frozen dish adds to keeping everything cold for a long time.

A Laptop Is a Valuable Accessory For 4 Wheeling

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-07-20

Laptop computers are almost as popular as cell phones. They�re so compact, you can take one just about anywhere. But off road? Do you really want a laptop in your vehicle while you�re bouncing around the mountains and sand dunes?

�Having a PC with you is no longer a luxury,� says Dave Kupfer, a member of Outdoor Adventure USA and fellow ham radio operator. They�re now almost a necessity while you�re off road. Dave facilitated a very interesting discussion about laptops and 4-wheeling during a recent ham radio net. (The recording may be found at the OAUSA Web site www.oausa.net. Click the �On-Air Net Archive� button and choose �Offroad Notebook Computer.� The discussion starts around the 25-minute mark.

The most important reason for having a laptop computer with you is for navigation. If you haven�t planned well, of course, it�s easy to get lost. But even if you are familiar with the area, Dave says, you may spend an inordinate amount of time backtracking as you try to get home. �When you combine your computer with mapping programs, as well as a GPS unit,� Dave says, �you have the best of all these worlds.�

Dave uses National Geographic�s TOPO! mapping software. He says it allows him to draw his route, including all the roads and trials, then transfer the information to his GPS receiver. During the ride his laptop, which stays connected to the GPS receiver, provides continuous, real time tracking of his vehicle.

Your laptop is also a good place to store the user manuals and operating guides for all relevant equipment, including:

Your vehicle's repair manuals
Communications equipment - Ham radio
GPS and APRS gear
Camera instructions
Off road equipment - Winch, Hi-lift

Many of these files are available as PDFs. Check manufacturers� Web sites if the product didn�t include a CD with the necessary files.

Other useful information that can be loaded on your computer includes first aid/survival instructions and your favorite outdoor recipes.

Another OAUSA member suggests that you keep all those files on a memory stick. If there�s a problem with your laptop, you can use someone else�s. Good idea.

The laptop also comes in handy to download photos you take that day, thereby freeing up space in your camera�s memory chip.

Dave offers several suggestions regarding the laptop you�ll take off road.

Buy a ruggedized or semi-ruggedized model. He�s had good luck with the Panasonic Toughbook�, but other similarly designed brands and models exist. These units, some of which are built to military specifications, are designed to handle the conditions that exist in the wilderness. They typically are built with a water-resistant and dustproof shell, and are designed to withstand the shock encountered while driving off road.

Make sure the laptop can generate a bright screen. It can be difficult to read the details of a map on a sunny day.

Mount the laptop securely. Jotto and RAM� make good mounts.

Buy a screen holder so the screen isn�t flopping around while you�re in motion. A screen holder is a small arm (see photo) that stiffens the lid.

The power source must be sufficient and appropriate for the laptop. Check the owner�s manual to see whether it�s best to use an inverter or go with straight DC power. Because laptops tend to draw a lot of power, you may get better results tapping directly into the vehicle battery.

Have at least 4GB of RAM so the mapping software runs smoothly.

Chances are you carry a laptop computer with you all the time, including when you�re off road. By purchasing the right kind of laptop, and loading it with the appropriate software and files, you turn your computer into an integral piece of gear.

Do You Have Cracks in Your Valve Stems?

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-07-01

Last Saturday, while doing a routine vehicle check at an event, we discovered that all 4 valve stems were severely cracked around the bottom of each valve stem near the rim hole.
I recommended the owner replace them as soon as possible and I recommend you check you valve stems for cracks. Replace them if there are cracks. You risk a rollover if the valve lets go at highway speeds.

30 million defective valve stems made in China were installed in tires in the United States from Late September 2006 thru mid 2007. They forgot to add the UV protection or possibly ozone protection and the rubber is breaking down. The valves were manufactured for Dill Air Control Products of Oxford, N.C. by Topseal Shanghai Auto-Parts Co. Ltd. in China.

To be sure if you have one of the bad valves you need to dismount the tire and check the manufactures code on the valve from the inside. The bad codes are Dill TR-413CH, Dill TR-414, Dill TR-415, Dill TR-418 and Dill TR-423. But you can tell if it is cracking by bending the stem and looking for small cracks near the rim hole. See the picture I took of a bad one. It is worth replacing a cracking valve stem even if it turns out not to be one of the recalled valve stems.

I don�t know how long it takes for the rubber to break down. It is possible the problem may just be showing up now. The National Transportation Safety Board only opened their investigation last year in May 2008.

Don�t take a chance inspect your valve stems!

Fly Prepared: Pack A First Aid Kit That Will Get Past TSA Bouncers

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-06-21

As everyone knows, going through airport security today is a hassle. All your belongings are screened, and if the security guards still are not satisfied you�re legit, they�ll pull you aside and pat you down. (While all the other travelers are staring.)

Yes, we need some level of screening. Unfortunate events in recent history have proved as much. It just seems at times that they over do it. And this can affect those who like to pack a first aid kit in carry on luggage.

I thought about this recently while flying. I wondered how many people carry first aid supplies with them when they fly.
Why might you want to carry a first aid kit with you? I can think of a couple reasons:

You�d like to be prepared in case something happens while in the air. My wife once had scalding coffee spilled on her. Fortunately I had some burn cream with me to help soothe the pain. I�m sure the aircraft has a first aid kit somewhere, but you can reach your carryon much quicker.
You want to have a first aid kit with you when you arrive at your destination, and can get by without checking any luggage. Or, you�re concerned your checked luggage will get lost.

Because you never know when or where an incident will occur, I feel it�s important to have some first aid supplies with you at all times. I usually have some band-aids,gloves, tape and handi-wipes on me, and keep a penlight and bottle of Advil in my suitcase.

Plus, many of us 4-wheelers carry first aid supplies all the time. We�re so accustomed to having a first aid kit while going off-road, we naturally pack some supplies when flying.

What kind of kit should you pack? It should be small yet compact (that is, stuffed with useful items and supplies), and its case should be waterproof. Start with a typical first aid kit found at the store. It will contain most of what you need, and can be improved with some tweaking.

I suggest either the Sportsman or the Smart Travel model from Adventure Medical. You can find these kits at better outdoors retailers. BTW, I like the wound care list of supplies better in the Sportsman model. But I like the medication selection in the Smart Traveller model.

First, inspect the contents for items that may raise eyebrows at the airport. The most likely candidate is a pair of scissors. Thankfully, the government has loosened restrictions items with sharp edges. As long as the blades are less than 4� long you can bring scissors aboard. I believe tweezers are also permitted, but keep under 4� to be safe.
The restriction pertaining to liquids and gels still applies, so you will need to put burn creams, hand sanitizers and other first aid items into a one quart plastic bag along with your tooth paste.

The TSA�s Web site offers more information on permitted and prohibited items. Note that many items that cannot be packed in your carry on are still permitted in checked baggage.

One drawback to first aid kits is that they�re slim in some supplies. You may find just one or two single-use packets of Neosporin�, for example, and a couple small packets of ibuprofren (Advil, Motrin) and Tylenol. Pack a tube of Neosporin and small 10 tab tubes of Advil and Tylenol (found at many drugstores).

Inspect your kit frequently. Certain products, like pain killers and other pills, have a shelf life. Others deteriorate over time. Band-aids are known to lose their stickiness after several years. Foil packets occasionally get torn or punctured, allowing the material inside to evaporate or dry out. There�s nothing more frustrating than opening a first aid kit and finding everything is shot.

It�s always better to have a thoughtfully designed first aid kit. Take the time now to create a useful first aid kit for flying. It�ll be nearby should the need arise while flying, and at your fingertips when you arrive at your destination.

Save Money by Buying an Annual Federal Recreation Pass

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-06-09

These days we all need to find ways to reduce our expenses. The American the Beautiful Annual Pass does double duty to get you into all the National Parks and covers the Adventure Pass required in many Southern California National Forests. If you visit or wheel frequently on federal Lands (National Parks, National Forest, BLM, etc.) the Annual pass at $80 a year is a money saver.

For individuals 62 and older there is a lifetime pass for $10!

Use this link to read the details from the government web site.

An even cheaper way to enjoy the National Parks this summer.

NPS announced three fee-free weekends at more than 100 national parks.
June 20-21, 2009 (Father�s Day weekend)
July 18-19, 2009
August 15-16, 2009
Details on their web site

Don't Get Cooked This Summer

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-05-16

Summer is almost here, and that means the really hot weather is just around the corner. Even though the hot season is literally an annual event, many people drop their guard and put themselves at great risk.

No one is immune to these forces. In late April a border patrol agent suffered either heat stroke or heat exhaustion while patrolling in the Otay Mountain Wilderness area in California.

Understand that the temperature doesn�t have to be above 100� to be dangerous. In fact, many people succumb to heat-related problems with temps in the 80s and 90s. That is especially true on humid days.

Nor do you have to be engaged in strenuous activity. Walking, gardening, working on your car and other simple tasks can stress the body if you�re not prepared for the heat. Treat hot weather as potentially harmful at all times. There�s no need to get wigged out about this. Just prepare properly.

Before we discuss some precautionary measures, let�s review the heat-related ailments. Keep in mind that a person won�t necessarily go from a mild to severe condition. It�s possible to quickly go into heat stroke; you don�t have to experience heat exhaustion first.

Heat cramps � Caused by loss of electrolytes because you�ve been sweating so much. Your brain can�t communicate with your muscles, so they start to spasm and cramp up. Heat cramps and a headache are usually the first signs of trouble. Watch for those.

These will ease over time if you consume electrolytes (potassium or sodium). Those important minerals are found in many exercise drinks as well as energy bars and other foods. More on this topic later.

Heat exhaustion � You�ve sweated so much your blood level has dropped to the point it cannot reach all parts of your body. You literally go into a form of shock.

Symptoms include a flushed face, headache, severe sweating, muscle cramps, and elevated pulse and breathing. Also, the person�s urine will be a deep yellow. Urine is nearly clear if the person is consuming an adequate amount of liquids. (Assuming no other health problems.)

Move the person into a cooler or shaded environment. Rest and rehydration are critical to reverse the effects of heat exhaustion.

Heat stroke � The most severe condition that can occur. The core body temperature is at least 105�. Brain damage is a distinct possibility. It�s imperative that you get the person to the hospital.

Symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, disorientation or confusion, seizure, and a rapid heart rate. Try to cool the body first. Some people recommend immersing the victim in a pool of water. I don�t like that. I think the drastic temperature change could cause the person to go into shock. Plus, you may not be near a body of water.

Get the person into a shaded area. Even a vehicle will do in a pinch. Strip him or her down to the undies, and spray water all over the body. Start fanning to get air moving around the person. The evaporating water will help cool the person.

Important precautionary steps

Before you set out, make sure you know the area well and its current weather conditions. You may learn, for example, that it is brutally hot in Death Valley or another desert area. Reconsider your plans, and pick a different spot. Never head for an area without first checking the weather conditions and forecast.

Don�t assume that you�ll be able to survive on your vehicle�s air conditioning. If it conks out and you haven�t prepared properly, you�re in deep trouble. It�s important that you bring along the appropriate supplies, just in case you encounter an emergency.

Pack water, food, clothing, and medical/first aid supplies. As for water, a rule of thumb is you�ll need at least one gallon per person per day. If you have room for more, great.

Consume liquid and food at least one-half hour before starting your trip or project. This is to begin storing liquid and electrolytes in anticipation of the demand that will occur. Bananas are a great source of potassium, but most foods supply the needed electrolytes.

During your time in the heat, drink and snack regularly. The body can absorb at most one liter of water each hour, but can expel two or more liters in that same amount of time. I try to drink at least one 16 oz. bottle of liquid (roughly one liter) every half hour.

To help maintain that regimen, pack a variety of liquids. Of course you will have water, but pack some tea, lemonade, and other healthful drinks. I especially like packets of Crystal Light�, but nearly any brand will do. Avoid alcohol and caffeine as they draw water out of your system.

Once you�re out of the heat, continue hydration to allow your body to catch up. Your body is still processing water and minerals, and you can experience some mild symptoms.

Regardless of where you live or where you intend to visit, remember the basics for dealing with a sunny environment. Sunscreen is a must. It should be rated a minimum of SPF 30. Your sunglasses should be coated to filter 100% of both UVA and UVB. Pack a large or floppy hat so your neck and ears are covered, and your shirts should be long-sleeved to protect your arms.

Summertime means outdoor fun. But it also is a challenging time for the body. Take the necessary precautions to help ensure you and your friends don�t succumb to the heat.

An Ounce of Prevention is Better Than a Pound of Pain

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-03-03

Remember the good old days when you could leave your bike outside overnight? Or your front door unlocked while you ran an errand? (Yes, I know I�m dating myself.) Sadly, those days are long gone. Theft is now a part of our lives. But we can minimize its occurrence.

Four wheelers already know that their vehicles are quite attractive to the wrong crowd. Yet it�s good to be reminded occasionally of the simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your property.

It always amazes me to read about a vehicle being stolen because the owner left the keys in the ignition. (And in some cases, left the engine running. Can you believe it?!) Needless to say, as you exit your vehicle, turn off your engine, grab the keys, and lock your doors.

Thieves can attack a vehicle in many ways. You need to be as resourceful to thwart any attempts. Let�s review some of the products out there that help you protect your vehicle and possessions.

Before, we go any further, it is important that you appreciate the impact when off-road of having everything �locked up�. The worst time to find that you forgot your special lug nut key is when you have a flat in the middle of the desert. Or discover that the lock to remove the hood latch is rusted beyond use.

When you start your off-road trip, remove all the locks. Cut them off if you have to (in town with access to a lock smith and lots of power tools). Avoid devises, when possible, that require the lock as an integral part of the design to remain fastened. Replace them with non locking straps, caps, etc for the duration of the trip. Take all your locks with you in case you need to stay overnight in town or abandon your vehicle.

The Club�: Very effective at keeping the steering wheel locked. Master Lock has a similar product that connects in four places on the steering wheel and is more difficult to be defeated by cutting the steering wheel. If you are looking for a quick, cheap solution, run a heavy chain through the steering wheel and around a seat leg. Secure with a big lock. This might just be the answer, when you have to leave the vehicle unexpectedly.

Engine disabling components:

If you own a Jeep or Chrysler brand, pull the ASD (automatic shutdown) relay. It�s quite accessible in most new vehicles. It is a lot easier if you install a hidden cut-off switch to the ASD relay. It disables everything �fuel pump, starter, battery. A quick search on the Internet will give you instructions on how to install these parts. If you can�t remember to throw the switch everytime, install a RFid Kill switch. It works off a �dongle� on your key ring which must be within 16� of the hidden antenna to allow the vehicle to start. http://enforcer.com.tw/vehicle/sli_760pp.htm

Hood locking mechanisms: J.C. Whitney (www.jcwhitney.com) and Savanna Jones (www.savannajones.com), among others, offer locking mechanisms for most vehicles. In use, I like the lock on the center safety catch. It can be left unlocked on the trail, for easy access under the hood. Locks on the outside hood latches, become part of the latch and must always be locked to hold down the hood.

Protect your gas: Some crooks like to pour sugar in the gas. Protect your tank with a locking gas cap. Keep the non-locking cap, though, and swap it in before you go off road.

Keep a hold of your doors: Jeep owners know that the doors are made to pop off easily. Make sure a thief doesn�t do the same with a door lock from Tuffy Products at http://www.tuffyproducts.com/p-240-165-jk-security-door-locker-2-door-model.aspx

You can bolt in some small pieces of angle iron inside the doors, at a 45 degree angle above the key locks. A Slim Jim will hit that on it's way down and slide off instead of being able to work the lock.

Tie down External items:
Coolers, gas cans, and other items can be secured with a steel strap from Steelcore (www.steelcore.net ). The strap is encased in fabric to protect your stuff and your vehicle�s finish.

Store your keys and cards:

HitchSafe (www.hitchsafe.com) makes a nifty device that attaches to your trailer hitch to hide your keys, credit cards, and other small valuables. Don�t use a hid-a-key. That is the first thing a thief looks for.

Bolt locker: Tuffy Products offers a really sturdy device for securing a winch or just about anything else you�d attach to your vehicle.

Other items to consider include:

Items stored internally should be secured to keep them from flying around. Even at off-road speeds a small tool can put a major league dent in your skull. Use a sturdy strap to secure those items.

Assorted small objects can go in a spare cooler or tackle box. Just remember to secure or bury that item as well.

Concerns about security must consider your personal safety as well. That topic alone can take up a column or two. But we can cover some basics here. First, always be aware of your surroundings: who is nearby, where possible escape routes are, and such. Consider taking a self-defense course where you can learn some simple moves that could get you out of a jam.

For weapons, consider a nonlethal approach first. Pepper spray is quite effective, yet doesn�t carry the legal consequences of a firearm. If you feel you must carry a firearm, be sure to get some training from a certified instructor first. Study the laws pertaining to the transport and possession of firearms, keeping in mind that the rules may be different on federal lands. And please think carefully before using a firearm. Once you pull that trigger, there�s no going back.

Overall, our world is a safe place. Following simple steps like those listed above will help keep you from being victimized. We know how that can spoil a weekend.

Go Romping In the Snow

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-01-20

With the snow we�ve been getting in the mountains lately, a lot of four-wheelers are itching to fire up their vehicles and go plowing through the white stuff. Whether over Cajon Pass, through Big Bear area, or just to Grandma�s house, driving off road in snow is a lot of fun. Winter driving offers its own set of challenges; the following tips will help ensure your trip is a pleasant one.

As with all four-wheeling, remember the buddy system. That is, always go out with at least one other vehicle. It�s fairly easy to get stuck in snow, and the cold just compounds any difficulties you may experience. More on that later.

Make sure you pack survival gear along with food and water. Remember that it gets dark early this time of year, and storms can hit in a hurry. Check the forecast before leaving. You don�t want to get caught in the mountains during a blizzard. Also, cold weather reduces the output of your battery. Replace it if it�s more than five years old. Consider installing a dual battery system as well. That way you�ll have a back up, as well as a source of power in case you need to use the winch.

Pack your vehicle accordingly. The basics include a snow shovel, air jack and tire chains, if you have them. Brightly colored equipment is really useful in a snowy environment. An ice scraper/window brush and recovery equipment are a must, also. You�ll want some communications equipment, as well. Pack ham radio gear if you have it. If not, consider getting licensed. The exam isn�t that difficult and gear is reasonably priced. If you don�t care to go that route, look into a satellite phone. Cell phones rarely work in the outback, so don�t count on one.

Make sure your headlights, tail lights, fog lamps, and license plate are clear of snow. As the old saying goes, you want to see and be seen.

Upon arriving, spend a few moments surveying the trail and surrounding terrain. One of the biggest problems with snow is that it covers ruts, ditches, and rocks. If you�ve driven the trail before, try to recall where the rough spots are, and avoid them. Don�t try to drive over them, as you risk getting stuck or damaging your vehicle.

Chains are great for driving in snow. They give you better traction and braking all around, and better steering up front. If you have just one set, place them on the back. Chains up front allow you to chew through deep snow, but the added braking capability could cause fish tailing. This happens a lot while going downhill on a slippery slope.

Air down your tires to a standard off-road level. For a 31-in. tire, that would be in the 18 to 15 psi range. Start off in single file as you normally do. The lead vehicle will blaze the trail, but often becomes stuck. Plus, the underbody usually gets packed with snow, so the vehicle doesn�t run well. Be prepared to pull out that vehicle, but also rotate the vehicles to keep a �fresh� vehicle in the lead at all times.

If you get stuck, try rocking the vehicle. You can usually gain a few inches each time, which often is enough to get you onto better ground. Avoid spinning the tires if possible. That just melts the snow underneath, which quickly freezes. Then you�re in worse shape than when you started.

If you�re still unable to drive out, use a recovery strap to pull your vehicle out. But be careful: The strap is under tremendous stress. Make sure no one is standing between either vehicle. If that strap breaks, it�ll crack the person in the head, and your trip is over. A Pull Pal� also works well in these situations.

Remember to drive slowly. As mentioned above, snow covers all blemishes in the trail. If the snow is firm enough you may actually drive on top. But more likely, you�ll cut through, and expose your vehicle to rocks and other hazards below.

Even with chains, your vehicle behaves quite differently in snow. Stopping and cornering are more difficult and braking distances are greater. Drive slower than normal and keep a safe distance between the vehicles. 4WD doesn�t offer any better braking than 2WD, despite what you may think. If you find yourself sliding one way, turn with it, but also apply some power and stay off the brakes. The 4WD traction will help pull you out of it.

Use gentle acceleration whenever climbing a hill. Quick acceleration can cause the tires to spin, which results in an icy trail. Speaking of hills, assess the trail before descending, and make sure it�s safe to drive. Can you get back up if you had to? If not, and that�s the only way out, take a different route.

Here�s hoping your next romp through the snow is a safe and enjoyable one.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

The All-Time Best Family Adventures

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-12-24

The holiday season is a good time to reflect on the past twelve months and set plans for the coming year. Understandably, these difficult economic times are causing many people to cut back on expenditures. Hobbies and other recreational activities such as four-wheeling tend to take a hit, and that�s too bad.

You see, there�s more to off-road driving than simply hopping in a vehicle and cruising through the isolated parts of the nation. Driving off-road offers a great opportunity to connect not only with nature, but with your family as well. Yes, four-wheeling is an exciting and affordable pastime that the whole family can enjoy.

When was the last time you did something fun with your family? Did that include going off-road? Four wheeling is not just a �guy thing�; women and children appreciate the great outdoors, as well.

I encourage you to make time for some off-road driving next year. It need not be often: one or two days per month is sufficient. You and your family spend quality time together while you enjoy some of the most fascinating landscape around. Regardless of where you live, you can find exciting places to visit.

Some people claim that four-wheeling is expensive. Compared to what? Sure, you can invest a ton in this or any other hobby. But you can also have a lot of fun four-wheeling with just a little extra here and there. Remember that your biggest investment�the vehicle�is already purchased. Other than gas, about all you need is a park sticker. Daily passes are very reasonable (averaging about $10.00), and if you want to save even more, buy an annual sticker. (Remember to buy an off-road permit if required.)

How do those costs stack up against admission to an amusement park? A family of four could expect to pay these base daily rates:

Disneyland�: $256.00.

Knott�s Berry Farm: $156.00

Six Flags� Magic Mountain: $140.00

Incidentally, these prices don�t include any food, drink, or accommodations.

Badlands Off-Road Adventures offers a number of fun clinics and excursions that are well suited for bringing the entire family. Clients have told me these excursions are some of the more exciting adventures they�ve had. Despite the state of the economy, it�s still important to spend quality time with your family. With gas prices plummeting, going off-road for a few hours or even a day is now more affordable. Those exciting times you spend together will create memories your entire family will relish for a lifetime.

Go four-wheeling with your family regularly in 2009. You�ll be so glad you did.

############

I�d like to take this opportunity to thank all my clients and friends for their business this past year. It has been a real pleasure getting to know you, and I appreciate the opportunity to share some memorable moments in the great outdoors. Best wishes for a wonderful holiday season and a prosperous new year.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

The Best Gifts For An Off- Roader

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-12-16

Still looking for a last minute gift? Here are some suggestions any 4-wheeler would love to receive. Prices do not reflect shipping. However, many companies are offering free shipping this holiday season.

Backcountry Adventures $16.99

Each book in the Trails and Adventures series is the most comprehensive guide available for its region. These volumes include meticulously detailed backcountry trail directions with integrated GPS coordinates and maps of each trail and region. Trail descriptions are vivid and color photos clearly depict each trail. Fascinating historical information with photos of ghost towns, mining camps, current towns and cities, as well as regional history, recount the days of the Wild West. These guides are essential tools for planning backcountry day trips and weekend getaways.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Handle-All Multi-Purpose Tool $156.99

The Hi-Lift Handle-All is a multi-functional tool consisting of a telescoping handle, 4 full-size implements (a shovel, sledge hammer, axe, and pick-axe), and a storage bag. This tool is compact and rugged, but still maintains full-size utility.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-Lift Jack Off-Road Kit $64.99

Use the Off-Road Kit to turn your Hi-Lift Jack into an even more versatile tool. This kit keeps all of the needed parts for winching at arms reach. Turn your Hi-lift Jack into a �poor mans� winch!

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-Lift Jack Off-Road Base $38.99

The Off-Road Base from Hi-Lift makes the original power tool even more versatile! Convenient to use, easy to store. Rugged construction meets Hi-Lift Jack specifications for strength & durability. Use Hi-Lift Off-Road Base to alleviate jack sinkage on soft ground.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Handle-Keeper $11.99

Jack Handle isolator
No more annoying rattling handles
Secures the jack and handle in place
No more tape or bailing wire

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-lift Jack 48� $70.99

These jacks are a must for lifted vehicle owners. These jacks can be used for a number of uses besides changing just a tire.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Life Hammer $15.99

Life Hammer is the original tool of its kind. Mimicking the concept behind European Escape hammers for trains and buses, this tool answers the need for an escape tool tailored specifically for vehicle entrapment.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Daystar Winch Isolator $26.99

The Daystar Winch Isolator stops the rattles while giving you a practical place to secure your winch hook. Installation is as easy as 1, 2, 3! Simply disconnect your winch hook, run your cable through the isolator and reinstall your hook. You're done!

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Viking Synthetic Winchlines $277.55

Both steel and synthetic winchlines give a very small amount of stretch, the equivalent of less than 1% at breaking pressure. This tiny amount of stretch stores kinetic energy that is released when the line breaks. Since steel winchline is much heavier than synthetic winchline, the force of that stored energy is devastatingly powerful, particularly dangerous with people nearby. The synthetic line is so light and therefore stores less kinetic energy, which when released, the winchline virtually falls to the ground with a fraction of the force of steel.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

ARB 9000 Ultra Light Snatch Block $99.95

20,000 Lb. Work Load Limit, 38,500 Lb. Breaking strength. You want the highest rated pulley block you can carry.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

Viking Kinetic Recovery Ropes $95.79

Viking Braided Kinetic Recovery Ropes also called Kinetic Yanker Lines or Tow Lines are made from 100% Premium DuPont� Nylon Double Braid. They offer over 30% stretch at break with a normal stretch of 10% to 20% when recovering or yanking a vehicle. With this kinetic energy built up in the rope the vehicle will get unstuck real quick. When choosing a Kinetic Recovery Rope size, you want the breaking strength to be five to seven times the weight of your vehicle especially when used for yanking. If you undersize your rope you risk breaking it, and if you oversize your rope you will not get the full benefit of the kinetic energy.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

Pull-Pal Winch Anchor $289.95

The Pull-Pal, a well-engineered anchoring tool, is both portable and well-suited for a wide range of environments. Intended as a tool for winching through sand and mud, Pull-Pal's design relies on useful rules of physics. Its hefty plow blade sets firmly and safely into sand, clay, mud, hardpan soil and snow.

www.pullpal.com/
970-963-4507

Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) $149.99

Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) $149.99 If your outdoor adventures take you to remote areas, the Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) could be a lifesaver. It's the world's first satellite messenger capable of sending alerts to family, friends or a 911 center.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Adventure Medical First Aid Kits $39.99

You should never go afield without a good first aid kit. These kits offer just about everything you'd need to cover any situation thrown your way. These kits were designed by a Wilderness First Responder Instructor.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Backcountry Adventures $16.99

Motorola Two-Way FRS / GMRS Radios $89.99 Talk with other radio users up to 28 miles away, in good conditions, with no roaming charges or overuse fees. Same Area Message Encoding (S.A.M.E.) filters out weather alerts from distant locations and only advises you of weather and emergency information for the specific area you are in. Radio has 22 channels and 121 privacy codes for up to 2,662 communication options. It also has 11 NOAA weather radio channels, iVOX hands-free communication, a Quiet Talk� interruption feature, digital signal processing, vibrating call alert and replacement faceplates. Comes with two radios, one dual drop-in charger, one charging adapter and two battery packs. Can also be powered by three AA batteries.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Off-Road Tire Plug Kit $39.99

Off Road Tire Plug Kit" is the only one that has everything! Don't get caught on the trail without one. Easy 3-Step Process That Plugs Tires To Get You Back Home!

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Receiver D-Ring Bracket $44.99

Receiver D-Ring Bracket $44.99 The "Ultimate Shackle Block" patented design allows you to pull the shackle in any direction without binding the shackle & DOUBLES AS A CONVENTIONAL TRAILER HITCH. The block is precision made in USA with certified steel.

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

�� Screw Pin D-Ring $13.99

3/4 D-ring Shackle 4 3/4 ton working load 5 to 1 safety rating yellow zinc. You never have enough D-Rings when rigging a recovery. Everyone needs a minimum of 6.

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Recovery Strap $45.00

The Ultimate "Recovery STRAP" is 30 feet long, made out of 2" wide material and has an abrasive covering over the loops. Made in USA

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Trail head Automatic Deflators $59.95

TRAILHEAD Automatic Tire Deflators will automatically reduce the air pressure in a tire to a predetermined level and stop, preventing any further loss of air from the tire. They will function properly whether your vehicle is stationary or traveling at speeds of 20 mph or less.

www.4x4training.com
310-374-8047

Badlands Off-Road Adventure Gift Certificate $200

Purchase a gift certificate to be used for an event, clinic, and adventures. You can also register for the specific event, clinic, or adventure you wish to give as a gift. If you are not sure what date will work, make your best pick. We will happily adjust it, if necessary.

www.4x4training.com
310-374-8047

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Get Layered Before The Big One Hits

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-11-12

We Californians are becoming acclimated to disaster planning. We have to. We live under the threat of an earthquake 24 hours a day. A major disaster can strike anywhere, however, so it pays to be prepared - With so much to consider and so many possible scenarios, where do you begin?

It�s actually a lot simpler than you think if you use what I call the layering method. Each �layer� represents something that can hold survival tools, equipment, and supplies. The nature of the layer determines what you are able to access in an emergency.

First, let�s review the basic 10 survival items.

They include:

Matches/fire starter
Knife
Flashlight
Map
Compass
Whistle
Water
First Aid Kit
Extra Food
Extra Clothing
Toilet Paper( maybe the 11th essential!)

These basic items come from some general categories. So when presented with the opportunity to go beyond the basics, use these categories to help you think about your emergency tools and supply needs.

Categories:

Communications
Signaling
Shelter
Safety
Food/water
Clothing
Navigation
Waste disposal
Entertainment

Now you can begin the layering process. In each case you�ll want to include as many of the basic survival items as you can. Space permitting, you may heavy up in certain items.

The outermost layer is your location during the day and at night. Chances are you are at work, in a school, or at home. Consider which of the basic survival items you can reasonably obtain and have available. This layer offers the most amount of room, so feel free to load up in each category, such as food/water, clothing, and shelter (such as a tent and sleeping bags). You should also consider purchasing a chain saw, generator, and, if you don�t have one already, a portable stove or other cooking utensil.

The next layer is your primary vehicle, which should carry you for three to five days. You have a fair amount of room for extra clothing, water and food, as well items for shelter. A compact tent and sleeping bag are ideal. You also have room for extra important electronics, such as communications equipment (CB radio, amateur radio gear, satellite phone), a GPS receiver, and extra battery packs if possible. (Check them periodically to make sure they�re charged.). Electronic gadgets are fine as long as you account for the batteries. I also like to include some books, magazines, and other reading material to help get through extended lulls. Once you have attended to any injuries, you mental status will be the most important factor in your survival.

If you need to abandon your vehicle, you�ll reach for your next layer, a go bag. Often just a gym bag or backpack, the go bag can�t carry as much, so you need to be smart about packing. Try to account for most of the categories, but adapt for the smaller space. For example, your shelter may be an Xscape Safe� Blanket. Food may consist of energy bars and a few other dried items. Avoid salty food if you can, as that will only make you thirsty. If you can�t pack a water bottle, consider a baggie to carry food or water you may find.

Think of your laptop case, briefcase, or purse as a mini Go bag. Make sure to stock it with the basic ten items. You are likely to have one of these wherever you go.

The next layer is your outerwear. If you lose your go bag, you�ll need some basic supplies to get you through the day. Whether you typically wear a business overcoat or a leisure jacket, you�ll have a number of pockets at your disposal. Put them to good use.

Matches (either the waterproof kind or a book inside a waterproof container) are a must. Other important items include a penlight, compass, whistle, bandages, and candy bars. You probably carry your cell phone anyway, but if not, be prepared to grab that.

Your clothing represents the final�that is, innermost�layer. At a minimum, make sure you carry what I consider the top three items: matches, flashlight, and a knife. How much you carry, of course, depends on what type of clothing you typically wear. Cargo pants offer lots of pockets that can be packed with important items.

Review the categories above, and be creative. Signaling, for example, can be done with a small mirror, a money clip, or even a belt buckle. You�ll also have room for some bandages and handi-wipes; keep some with you at all times.

No one likes to think about disasters, but unfortunately they are a part of our lives. This layering process will help you and your family to prepare should a major incident occur. Use the layering process whenever you enjoy the outdoors as well!

Tickle The Taste Buds With A Dutch Oven

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-10-22

Dutch ovens are a great way to bring the taste of home cooking to the outdoors. To better understand Dutch ovens, I turned to fellow Outdoor Adventure USA member Bruce Crabtree. Bruce has been cooking with Dutch ovens for over 15 years. He recently joined us during a ham radio program to share his thoughts. To hear the entire program, click on this link:
http://www.oausa.net/on-air-nets/48-on-air-nets/91-cooking-with-a-dutch-oven

A Dutch oven is actually a cooking pot that�s designed to be heated by charcoal or a campfire. They are made of cast iron because iron offers a uniform distribution of heat. Dutch ovens are most often used for baking goods, but are also used to cook with. People make soups, casseroles, and other dishes with a Dutch oven.

Dutch ovens can be purchased at most outdoor stores such as Cabela�s, Sports Chalet and Bass Pro. Wall Mart has a limited selection. Stick with high quality Lodge or Camp Chef brands.

The ovens come in a variety of sizes, with the most common being 10� and 12� wide. A 12� pot holds six quarts of food and will serve four to six people. For two to four people, a 10� pot should be sufficient. Be sure you purchase a "camp" oven with 3 little legs and a lip on the lid to hold hot coals.

New ovens have a waxy coating to prevent rusting. Wash in soap and water to remove the coating. The next step is to "season" your pot. Use a paper towel to apply a light coat of vegetable oil (many people use Crisco brand) to all surfaces of the pot and lid inside and out. Do not use lard or other animal fat. It will turn rancid over time.

Place the covered pot in your gas grille, close the lid, and heat to 425 degrees, baking for one and one-half to two hours. This process causes a lot of smoke, so don�t be alarmed. Season several times to give your oven a nice, non-stick surface.

Now you�re ready to cook. Since most folks use charcoal we�ll focus on that. To determine how much charcoal to use, remember the �plus 3/minus 3� rule. Add three coals to the size of your pot for the lid. Subtract three to get the number of coals needed underneath. So, for a 12� pot, you�d use 15 briquettes on the lid and nine underneath.

Form a ring of charcoal under the pot; do not have any coals directly underneath or you�ll develop a hot spot. That�s not important for the lid. Coals can be placed evenly across the top. This arrangement will create an internal temperature of about 350 degrees. Add charcoal if you need a higher temperature. Each additional briquette increases the internal temperature by about 25 degrees.

Most dishes and baked goods cook in 45 minutes to an hour. Rotate the oven every 15 minutes to ensure even heating, and be careful when serving your meal. The oven is heavy and very hot.

Some Do�s and Don�ts to consider:

Do clean out the pot after every meal. Condensation will form on any leftover food, which will cause the pot to rust. A paper towel is usually all you�ll need to remove food scraps.
Don�t store without drying. Wipe it thoroughly with a towel or heat the oven over a stove.
Don�t clean with soap. The porous surface of the oven will capture some of the soap, resulting in an after taste. If the oven has been cleaned with soap, rinse it thoroughly with hot water.
Don�t use steel wool or abrasive cleaners. These will scratch off the seasoning and make the oven susceptible to rusting. However, you can use steel wool to remove rust spots.

Dutch ovens are a great way to bring authentic cooking to the outdoors. With a little practice you can become a hit with your friends during your next off-road adventure.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

New Products Off-Road Expo Pomona 2008

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-10-06

I attended the Pomona Off-Road Expo at the Fairplex this past weekend. I enjoyed talking to all the vendors and looking at some of the new products. I hope you were able to attend also. There were a few products that caught my eye that I wanted to share with you.
Trac Tools First up, I found these small tool sets made in the USA. There are sold by Trak Tools. The Ready Wrench has a T handle so you can put some torque on stuff and is equipped with a magnetic socket drive. This kit was designed for Motorcycle riders where space is a premium. For those days when you forgot to bring your big tool kit, it sure would be nice to find this set in the glove box! There are a variety of sockets, bits, torxs, and allens in both SAE and metric. Contact information: 562-690-9469 www.info@traktools.com www.traktools.com http://www.daystarweb.com/http://www.traktools.com/
What is It? Daystar has a new product that will be officially released at SEMA in November. These little plastic clips will keep your clevis from rattling if you drive around with your clevis attached to the bumper. I doubt You will find it on the web site yet. Look for it in your favorite off-road store later this year. http://www.daystarweb.com
Mount for Hi-lift Jack Base I generally do not carry my hi-lift jack base except when I plan to do a demo. It is difficult to pack and store. And yet the Hi-lift Jack base is really the best solution for a strong solid base. This is a prototype that will soon be on the market. This may well solve that problem. It can be bolted to any flat surface. Phone: 520-579-2079 http://offroadtrailtools.com
Nozzle Key In order to fill your 5 gallon jerry can all the way up (at least in California) you have to hold back the front of the nozzle for the last 1 and half or 2 gallons. This tool frees your other hand and allows you more control over the process. Just slip one of these over the nozzle to hold it back. Phone: 520-579-2079 http://offroadtrailtools.com
Jeep JK Trail Table This is a very useful table now that Jeeps no longer have drop down tail gates. This one is designed for the New JK Wrangler but Mel says it will work on the early TJ's with the flat inside tail gate. It can be mounted 3 ways. Mel said it will support 180 pounds or more. Phone: 714-870-5515 http://www.offroadevolution.com/
The next show I will attend is the SEMA Show in Las Vegas in early November. Let me know what stuff you are interested in having me look for. I can't promise anything but it might happen if I know in advance!
I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### ### If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list. ### ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Products SEMA 2008

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-11-16

I attended the 2008 SEMA Show in Vegas again this year. SEMA is the Specialty Equipment Manufacture Association and deals with all and any aftermarket Automotive products. The show is huge. There are 11 sections that take up every bit of the Vegas convention center. This is a business to business show and no products are sold over the counter contrary to Pomona Off-Road Expo which is a consumer show. The vendors want to show off their new products and discuss plans, promotions, etc. with buyers.

I spent the entire day just in the Off-Road section. I grabbed a few snap shots of products that caught my eye.

Hi-lift has a new product to secure your Hi-lift to a rack or bar. It was designed to clamp around a square bar or a round pipe of various sizes. It will clamp onto round bars from 1" to 3" in diameter. This is accomplished by two product sets. The small one covers 1"-2" and the large set covers 2" - 3".

Hi-lift will have a new neoprene jack cover on the market in Jan 2009. This little sleeve covers just the working part of the jack head to keep dust and grim out. A few weeks ago, a trail ride I participated in discarded 5 hi-lift jacks before they found one that worked. Many of the others had too much dirt and dust in the head. This sleeve appears to be a must have for anyone who carries their Hi-lift attached to the outside of the vehicle. The cover is a thight fit to keep out dirt. It can be machine washed and dries quickly.

http://www.hi-lift.com/

Security can be an issue with all the items that you tie, hang and bolt to the outside of the vehicle. Trimax offers a number of multi-use cable locks to ensure your stuff stays in place. You can get them in various tightness and length. Some you provide your own lock, for others it is integrated. Pictured is the 72" Gladiator Ironclad Cable.

I recommend before you leave town, you remove all your pad-a-locks and security devises. If you can't remove them at least make sure the mechanism works and you have the key. (Sometimes the pad-a-lock is the latch!). This goes for any lug nut key you have. Take along anything you removed. You may need to lock everything down again at a hotel or for a visit in town for resupply. You will save a lot of grief in a remote location when the lock doesn�t work or you forgot the key.

http://st16.flashecom.com/trimaxlocks/index.asp

I though this was a clever idea. It turns your trailer receiver into a small safe. There is just enough room for a key, credit card, and maybe a few bills. Just the thing if you need to leave your vehicle for a while in town. I recommend you remove the draw when you go off road. It is not water tight and if you smash the locks you may have a time getting it open. Naturally it is called the Hitch Safe!

www.hitchsafe.com

The Clamptite tool provides a means for tightening wires wrapped around an object and then locking them in place The tool can be used with various sized wire - even a coat hanger.

www.clamptitetools.com

These are a few of the many exciting items at the show. I have not used or tested any of them. I look forward to doing so to see if they are as useful as suspected.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Tire problems shouldn�t deflate your day

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-08-20

Last time we talked about tires: why they are prone to punctures and other problems and the type of tools you should store in your 4WD vehicle ( No Need to get Spun Out over your Tires ).

Now I�d like to discuss the more common tire-related problems you�re likely to face while off-road and how to fix them.

Lose a bead � Occurs quite often while making a hard turn on a soft surface. Because the tire is aired down, there isn�t enough internal pressure to keep the sidewalls from collapsing inwards.

You usually can reset the bead without removing the wheel from the vehicle. Jack up your vehicle and wipe away any dirt from the inside of the rim. Attach a compressor and begin airing up. Reach around the back of the tire and grab rubber. (You may need a buddy to help with this.) Pull the tire toward you so it can start holding air. Keep pulling and holding until the bead resets.

You don�t need a big blast of air to do this. A little ARB compressor, pumping out about 1.27 CFM, is sufficient. Be patient. This will take time, but eventually you will hear the bead pop into place. (Make sure no one�s fingers are in the way!) Lower the vehicle and put away your tools.

Puncture � A standard puncture is actually rather easy to repair. Everything you need is in the tire repair kit. (If you haven�t purchased one yet, I suggest you do so now. A good one is sold by UDS in Gardena, CA - www.udshardware.com . It is a very complete kit in a soft sided bag that will fit places those hard plastic ones don�t. )

First, lubricate the hole with some white grease using the probe tool provided. This will allow the plug, which is very sticky, to enter freely. Feed a plug through the eye of the plugging tool until it is about halfway through. Insert the eye of the tool into the hole. The plug will be folded over as it�s being fed into the hole, so you�re left with two ends sticking outside the tire. Leave about �� of the ends visible. Hold the collar against the tire as you pull out the plugging tool to keep the plug in place.

Trim off the excess, and apply some sand or dirt to the stubs. The stickiness attracts twigs, rocks and other debris which could pull the plug out.

One plug will work for punctures caused by nails, cactus needles and other thin items. If the hole is much larger, use two or more plugs.

Although the plugs are designed for punctures in the tread portion of the tire, they can be used to close a gash in the sidewall in a pinch. DO NOT attempt to drive on hard pavement with a plugged gash, however. The plug may not hold, and you could face a nasty blowout.

Break a bead � Amazing as it might sound, there are times when you need to break a bead. For example, you may have to replace the valve stem or clean a rim to stop a bead leak. Bead leaks are rather common while driving along ruts. The rim slides down the edge of a rut and jams dirt and pebbles into the bead.

Take the tire off the vehicle and lay it flat on the ground next to another vehicle. Pull the valve stem core so you�re not fighting the tire pressure. Set the foot of a Hi-lift jack on the tire just short of the rim. Begin jacking against the other vehicle. The weight of the vehicle pushing against the tire will cause the bead to pop.

Be patient with this process. Some tires need to be nearly flattened before the bead breaks. You can usually get by with jacking on just one side of the tire, though you may need to step on the other side to help it along.

Do not jack your disabled vehicle as part to this process. You will lift it slightly off the jack stands in place, causing a dangerous situation.

Another option is a pair of tyre plyers. Popular in Australia, hence the odd spelling, they allow you to break a bead without removing the wheel. I don�t carry one but when others had them they work fine.

Replace a valve stem � Remove the tire and break the front bead enough so you can reach the back of the valve stem. Cut the old one off. Don�t worry about the chunk that you drop in the rim; that won�t hurt anything.

Apply a dab of white grease on either the valve stem or hole in the rim, and feed the stem through. Use the multi-function valve core tool to pull the valve through. It�ll snap into place when seated properly. Do not use pliers for this, as you could ruin the valve stem. One end of the multi-function valve tool is threaded so it will grab the valve stem nicely.

You�ll note that in order to replace the valve stem you need to know how to both break and restore a tire bead. That�s why I discuss those skills first.

They, along with the others, are not difficult to learn or use. And they come in really handy when you face a flat out in the middle of nowhere. Study and practice these skills at home so your next off-road adventure isn�t deflated by a flat tire.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Urban Disasters No Match For A Prepared 4-Wheeler

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-09-11

	In previous columns I�ve discussed how to prepare your vehicle for driving off-road, and offered a number of safety suggestions for you and your passengers. The goal, of course, is to make sure you are properly prepared for your trip and ready for most contingencies. In honor of National Preparedness Month, I�d like to revisit the issue of preparedness but take more of a �big picture� approach. It�s too easy to become complacent in our lives. We�re not faced with daily calamities and crises like you see in other parts of the world. We California residents are somewhat more in tune because we�re always under the threat of an earthquake, and we frequently deal with major events such as wildfires. But it�s still easy to take our relatively calm lifestyle for granted. Disaster can strike in a heartbeat. Will you know what to do when it does? How will you and your family react? Where will you go? These and many other questions will be blazing through your mind. Unfortunately, that is not the time to be asking questions. Instead, you must act, and act fast. How you respond when disaster strikes is directly related to how well you and your family have prepared. The Red Cross www.redcross.org and FEMA www.fema.gov provide a wealth of information on how to prepare for emergencies. The key is to take action now. Merely thinking about it won�t do any good. The interesting thing about 4-wheelers is to begin with they often are pretty well prepared. Their vehicles are well stocked with the necessary tools and materials, and many have what I call a survival mindset. We�re accustomed to being out among the elements, and can manage fairly well for a short period of time. The problem is the planning we do is just for the particular outdoor trip, which may last a few days at most. We don�t give much thought to how to handle a major urban crisis. Reviewing the Red Cross and FEMA sites will give you some great ideas. The next step is to put those thoughts into action. Don�t worry about accomplishing everything in one day. Some of these steps, like developing a plan, take time. What�s important is that you do something now. Use the �Swiss cheese� approach. When faced with a large, daunting task or problem, tackle the small matters you know you can accomplish. Over time you will punch enough holes in the main problem so that it looks like Swiss cheese and will fall apart on it own. Complete two actions today. First, develop your emergency contact list. This should be comprised of a friend or family member in another state. (A son in Michigan is on my list.) Sometimes only a long-distance call will go through. Just as you program your ICE (In Case of Emergency) numbers into your cell phone, you also select an individual to contact in the event of a major disaster. Make sure your family members know the contact person�s name and number. This person can relay messages for family members. During an emergency, and if you have the time, let your contact know where you are going should you have to evacuate. Second, establish two meeting places for your family. One should be just outside the house. This is especially critical during a fire. Too many people have perished because they ran back into their homes, not knowing that their loved ones were safely outside. The second location should be in your community, and is used in the event of a larger-scale disaster. Recently I successfully tested my ability, using ham radio, to contact my wife while she was in the parking lot at work. For us that parking lot is an ideal location, because it is local, sits on a hill, and there�s a good chance at least one of us will be there. OK, if you want one more simple action for today, jump on the FEMA site, click on the Plan Ahead tab, and print the suggestions listed under �Protect Your Family.� I also suggest that you keep your gas tank at least half full at all times, and create a Go-bag. Containing food, water, and other essentials, your Go-bag can help you survive on your own for several days. Backpacks with multiple pockets make really good Go-bags. Some people keep these in their homes; others store theirs in the vehicle. Either way, the Go Bag is essential for preparedness planning when you must leave immediately. You may also consider brushing up on your driving skills. Sign up for one or more off-road driving courses (such as a Rocks Clinic or the Basic Course), or an advanced course (Winching, for example), so you are better prepared to drive over broken streets, downed telephone poles, and other debris The Go-bag, along with the supplies and materials already on hand and the skills you bring to the table, turns your 4WD vehicle into what I like to call a Mobile Disaster Preparedness unit. Just what you need in a time of crisis. Emergency preparedness isn�t the most pleasant topic. We wish we didn�t have to even think about this. But disasters are a part of life. By preparing properly now you give yourself and your family a fighting chance should the unthinkable occur.
	I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### FREE off-road information Get valuable advice and the latest tips for safe wheeling, hot new gear reviews, inside hints on upcoming events, and more! To receive your own copy of my exciting twice-monthly newsletter, click here: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html Note: We never sell or rent your name and email address! ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

No Need to get Spun Out over your Tires

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-06

Tires are some of the most important yet under-appreciated parts on a vehicle. Without them, we literally could not get around.

Despite improvements in technology over the years, some 4WD owners still are very cautious when it comes to driving off road. An obvious sign is tires that aren�t aired down sufficiently. Apparently the drivers were trying to avoid risks related to under-inflated tires.

Sure, problems like a broken bead can occur. But those can be fixed rather easily. All you need are the proper skills and a handful of tools. With those under your belt and in your vehicle, you can handle most situations involving tires. It�s a lot simpler than you think to gain the peace of mind you�d like to have while driving off road.

Some people wonder why we don�t just throw on the spare every time. Think about it. By putting on your spare, you�re basically using your safety net. You should try to fix the main tire first. Unless it�s damaged severely, you should be able to use it again. And you�ll still have the spare as a back up.

If you immediately throw on the spare, you�re left with no other options. You have to hope that the spare will carry through the remainder of the course, or you head for home.

There are times, however, when you need to use the spare. If you�re ever in a dangerous situation that requires a quick exit, or you�re simply unable to make the necessary repairs, put the spare on and drive to a better location. Safety always comes first.

Tires take a pounding on the trails

Let�s take a look at tires and see why they are so prone to problems. First, they take a lot of abuse. They shoulder the weight of our vehicles, and are forced to carry us over some really nasty terrain. (Even pavement takes its toll on tires.)

On top of that, we air down the tires before hitting the trails. The weight of the vehicle causes the sidewalls to bulge making them susceptible to cuts and gashes. At the same time, with reduced air pressure the tire is unable to hold the bead as well, so we see a fair number of busted beads under these conditions.

The softer tire also increases the chance that a rim will get banged up on rocks. In addition, a valve stem can be damaged or torn out while driving through tight spots.

The types of problems you are likely to encounter fall into four general categories. To drive confidently off-road you should know how to:

Fix a popped bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

The tools you�ll need include:

Compressor
Hi-lift� jack
A rag to clean out the rim
(optional) Steel brush on a long handle
Plug kit like UDS Hardware's Kit, Safety Seal� or ARB�s Speedy Seal
A couple extra valve stems
Multi-function valve core tool
BFH

Next time we�ll discuss each of the four important tasks in greater detail. The skills and tools needed to handle those situations provide you peace of mind so you can more fully enjoy your next off-road adventure.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Pack A Fire Extinguisher So You Don�t Get Burned

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-07-14

Four-wheelers are good about packing their vehicles with tools, tow straps, winch, food, water - you name it; they include it.

One piece of equipment that often gets overlooked, however, happens to be one of the more critical items: a fire extinguisher. Remember that a fire could occur inside or outside your vehicle. Ever wonder what you�d do if your campfire or stove got out of hand? Or if your engine compartment started smoking? You may never experience a fire�and I hope you don�t�but if you do, you�ll be thankful you packed an extinguisher. Many smaller fires can be snuffed out quickly and safely.

Extinguishers come in many sizes. I�ve found the 3 lb. size adequate for vehicles. Buy two high-quality refillable models. You�ll spend a few extra dollars, but it�ll be worth it. Think of a fire extinguisher as an insurance policy. You don�t want to cut corners there.

Mount one on the passenger side of the transmission tunnel. The other should be mounted in a visible spot on or near the back gate. The key here is that it is accessible. Too many people mount or place their extinguishers under boxes or other stuff in the back. It won�t do you any good if you can�t grab it quickly.

Another good spot, especially on smaller vehicles, is on the roll bar. Regardless of where you mount the extinguishers, make sure to review their locations and use with your passengers before departing.

Fire extinguishers come in a variety of types depending on their use. We�ll review only the more common ones here. (For more information, go to www.tvfr.com/dept/fm/extinguishers/index.html.) I�d like to thank my friends at Outdoor Adventure USA (www.oausa.net) for all their helpful comments.

Dry chemical � The most popular form for personal use, these are given a letter rating depending on the type of fire they are designed for. Make sure your extinguisher is rated ABC. That way it can be used on all types of fires, including fuel and electrical.

Advantages: They are easy to operate and will work on all types of fires, if you select the proper model.

Disadvantages: Once discharged, even for a short burst, they must be recharged. The pressure drops and you�ve lost a certain amount of chemical.

The nozzle can clog over time, rendering it useless (especially if you�ve discharged some chemical). Inspect the extinguisher regularly for obvious signs of clogging, but also take it in to an appropriate facility for inspection at least once a year. Make sure to keep the tag on the bottle so you know when it was last inspected.

Finally, the dry chemical is rather corrosive, and may harm sensitive electronic equipment. Make sure you thoroughly clean anything that has been hit with the chemical.

Halon � A very effective agent, but production has been banned due to its effect on the ozone layer. With only limited supplies left, halon extinguishers are becoming harder to find and more expensive.

Advantage: Said to be great on suppressing fires. Because it�s a gas, it leaves no residue.

Disadvantages: Expensive and difficult to find, and it disperses easily in windy conditions. Best used in enclosed spaces.

Halotron� - Marketed as a safer alternative to halon, this gas is said to be very effective in outdoor applications.

Advantage: Leaves no residue.

Disadvantages: Apparently geared more toward industrial applications, Halotron extinguishers aren�t as readily available. May be more expensive, too.

CO2 � A colorless, odorless gas, CO2 works by smothering the fire. Literally taking away the oxygen.

Advantages: Fairly effective in enclosed spaces and doesn�t leave a residue.

Disadvantage: Be careful when using, as the CO2 can affect you as well.

Final note: If you have mag wheels, DO NOT spray water on them should they start burning. You�ll cause an explosion. Use a Class D extinguisher if you have one, or let the fire department handle it. You can find more information on Class D extinguishers on the Web page mentioned above or through a quick Web search.

As you can see, an ABC-rated dry chemical extinguisher is probably your best bet. But what�s most important is that have extinguishers aboard. Inspect your vehicle now and install an extinguisher if you don�t already have one.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Be A Good Sport: Tread Lightly

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-30

Last time I covered the code of ethics that guides off-road driving. I�d like to go into greater detail here, and will use the Tread Lightly! pledge as a guide.

Tread Lightly! has separate categories for land and water, though the rules are similar for both. I�ve combined them, because many off-road enthusiasts also enjoy boating. (For more on Tread Lightly!, go to www.treadlightly.org.) They make it easy to remember the rules.

1. Travel responsibly and only on designated roads and trails, and launch your watercraft only in the proper areas. Drive carefully through streams to avoid disrupting habitat, and make sure to cross on designated paths.

Fish beds and spawning grounds are particularly susceptible to being churned up and destroyed by vehicles passing by. If you must travel through a stream, drive very slowly to avoid chewing up the stream bed.

2. Respect the rights of others, including private property owners, recreational trail users, campers, anglers, skiers, swimmers, boaters and others so they may enjoy their recreational activities undisturbed.

There is enough room out there for all of us to enjoy our hobbies. On those particularly busy days or weekends, be extra considerate of your fellow outdoor enthusiasts. They have as much right to the land and water as you do.

3. Educate yourself by learning rules and regulations, obtaining travel maps and regulations from public agencies, planning for your trip, taking recreation skills classes, and knowing how to use and to operate your equipment.

Don�t try to wing it. The outdoors can be a very unforgiving place. Too many people have found themselves in dire straights because they took their skills for granted. Even experienced drivers encounter difficult situations on occasion. Prepare well before you set out.

4. Avoid sensitive areas such as meadows, lakeshores, wetlands and streams, unless on designated routes. This protects wildlife habitat and sensitive soils from damage. Do not operate your watercraft in shallow waters or near shorelines at high speeds.

Much like we discussed Point #1, the idea is to minimize destruction to native habitat. Numerous birds, fish, mammals, and amphibians live in the areas where we take our boats and vehicles. We must operate our equipment to minimize the impact it has on the environment.

5. Do your part by leaving the area better than you found it. This involves properly disposing of waste, minimizing the use of fire, avoiding the spread of invasive species, restoring degraded areas, and joining a local enthusiast organization.

I like to apply the Golden Rule: Treat the land and waterways as you would like your own property to be treated. Do you allow guests to dump garbage and tear up your front yard when they stop by? Of course not. So avoid that kind of behavior when you�re on public lands.

As you can see, these are simple and common-sense principles. Unfortunately, we don�t always follow them. We may not be intentionally violating them; more likely just getting a bit lazy. Recommit yourself to following these principles, and you�ll have a more enjoyable and rewarding time outdoors.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Good Driving Ethics Help Keep Trails Open For All

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-15

Summer is here, and for many off-road enthusiasts, that means spending even more time on the numerous trails and paths available to us. This is a good time to review the code of ethics that all conscientious drivers live by. Sometimes we become a bit complacent, and forget the fundamentals that have guided drivers for years.

By closely adhering to the following principles, you show that you are a concerned driver, and you help ensure that the trails remain open to us for years to come.

First, you should always strive to have a positive impact on the environment. Put another way, leave the area in better shape than when you arrived. To do your part:

Properly dispose of waste
Minimize your use of fire
Avoid spreading invasive species

Second, respect the rights of others. Realize that the trails and public lands are used by a wide range of folks, including hikers, bikers, campers, and other 4WD folks. At times you will encounter others, some of whom will be on or near the trail. Public lands are open to all; no one can lay claim to a specific portion.

Understand that your driving may seem disruptive to others. They should accept your presence, but you must also accommodate them. Minimize noise and the amount of dirt you kick up while driving by. And for heaven�s sake, don�t get into arguments or fights. If an issue seems beyond resolving, drive away. You may feel like the victim, but in reality you are the better person for taking the high road.

Finally, encourage others to live by these standards. Become a spokesperson for ethical driving. As you meet other drivers, on the trails or elsewhere, talk about what it means to be an ethical driver, and how they benefit by following these principles. Help spread this message among our members�you are welcome to forward this e-mail�and let them know that �real men� (and �real women�) follow these sound principles. Work hard to maintain all we have won to this point.

These principles aren�t new or particularly earth-shattering. Driving ethically involves following the rules, including the Golden Rule: Treat others�and the land�as you would like to be treated. If you always do the right thing, you can never go wrong.

It starts with having the proper attitude. An attitude which suggests that I am not an owner of the land, but merely a steward. I have been given permission to use this land, and I will treat it with the utmost respect. I know this privilege may be taken away at any time, so I will do all I can to keep that from happening.

If all of us took this approach, the negative comments from the environmentalists and the media would cease. And we could count on enjoying our beloved hobby for many years to come.

I hope to see you on the trails!

10 Improtant Tasks After Driving Off-Road

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-05-26

Just as you put a lot of thought and preparation into your trip before you set off, you should also take the time afterward to ensure that your vehicle and gear survived the drive and are ready for the next adventure. Even a mild course can affect your vehicle.

Print this checklist and keep it in your glove compartment or other dry location. By following this list carefully, you ensure that you review every important section or component of your vehicle.

First and foremost, do a thorough inspection of your vehicle to make sure that it is in safe driving condition. You should not take the vehicle onto roads, especially the highway, if there are significant structural or other safety issues.

1. Air up your tires. Don�t try to drive on pavement with your tires low on pressure. Not only will you have difficulty handling the vehicle, but you risk serious damage to tires and rims. Check your tire pressure the following morning. It can drop 2 to 5 PSI overnight. Remember that you aired up when the tires were hot.

2. Wash and vacuum your vehicle. This will help prevent the spread of weed seeds to other areas, but also makes it easier to spot any fluid leaks and damage that needs repairing. Invasive plants are a problem all over the U.S., caused in part by people driving in multiple areas�sometimes even in different states�without cleaning their vehicles between trips. As a result, they spread noxious weeds to new locations. Be a good sport and clean your vehicle after each off-road drive.

3. Wash your engine. Drive to an appropriate facility, turn off the engine, and hose it down. With a clean engine, you can spot any leak that has developed, as well as a loose bolt, hose, clamp, or other part.

4. Check fluid levels, fan or serpentine belt, and other parts. If you do this frequently enough, you will become accustomed to your engine compartment, and it will be easier to spot a problem or potential problem when one occurs.

5. Examine the differential and transmission for cracks and the fluids for water.

6. Inspect and clean drum brakes, if applicable. Pull off the drums and clean out any mud or sand inside. That will wear down your brakes in a hurry. This is a good time to adjust your brakes or even replace the shoes, if need be.

7. Inspect CV boots, struts and shocks, and other underbody parts. Any need replacing? Take a look at joints, bearings, and other parts that may need regreasing. What about the nuts and bolts that hold the axle and suspension together? The vehicle�s suspension system (track bar, control arm, shocks, and spring) are very susceptible to loosening and affect the drivability. Problems with any one of these items could cause damage to the drive train over time.

8. Push and pull on the suspension to see if anything is loose. Push on the side of the vehicle. Are the track bars loose? Have a friend rotate the steering wheel back and forth while you inspect the tie rod ends.

9. Inspect your tools. Are they clean, in order, and accessible?

10. Clean and restock any fluids or gear (including medical supplies, spare parts, and fire extinguisher) you used or that became damaged (such as recovery straps). Create a list of repairs and other actions action items during the trip or on the way home while it is still fresh in your mind. Make sure you put back all the essential items, and that your vehicle is tidy and prepared for your next trip.

I hope to see you on the trails!

10 Safety Rules For Off-Road Driving

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-05-16

Four-wheeling is one of the more exciting hobbies you can experience. Going off road opens your eyes to places you would not otherwise see. It also challenges you, as the terrain is far different from what you are accustomed to driving on. And you can find yourself in a remote and very hostile environment in just a few hours.

Follow these very important rules for a safer and more enjoyable ride.

Let someone know where you will be and when you expect to return. This applies to all trips, not just those in challenging areas. People have been known to get stuck or lost in relatively easy terrain. Should something happen and you�re unable to leave the area or call for help, your friends or family will know to contact authorities.

Always have at least one other vehicle along. This ensures that you will have transportation out in the event your vehicle becomes stuck or damaged and can�t be fixed there. Plus, the extra vehicle means additional manpower to help with problems.

Pack survival gear. Even a Sunday drive on the beach can turn sour. Pack the proper gear to get you through the night and to handle medical emergencies that may occur.

Tie everything down inside. Your gear will go flying around if you roll over or lay the vehicle on its side. Loose items become missiles which can injure and kill anyone inside.

Everyone wears a seatbelt, just like when you drive on paved roads. You and your passengers will get jostled around quite a bit on many of the trails. Plus, the possibility for a rollover or crash exists at any time. The big rock you suddenly hit could cause you or your passengers to go flying out a window. Make sure everyone is belted in.

Arms and legs must remain inside. Many trails run through narrow passageways. Any arms or legs hanging outside can get torn off by the trees, cliff walls, or rocks just outside your vehicle. If the vehicle begins to tip your instinct is to put your hand out. There is no way you will be able to stop a vehicle this way. Roll your windows up if you can�t control the urge.

Also, make sure no one holds onto the roll bar. Their fingers will get smashed in the event of a roll over. Hands can also be injured if you drive under low-hanging branches.

Quit if you become tired. Four-wheeling requires the utmost concen-tration. Any letdown can lead to an accident and perhaps death. If you feel fatigued at all, pull over and rest, or let someone else drive. Do not force it.

Lock it down. When driving off-road, you are seldom on level ground. Make sure your vehicle will not roll away from you. When you stop, put the vehicle in park, apply the emergency brake, and turn off the engine.

Do not hang on a vehicle. If the vehicle gets stuck in a precarious position, do not try to pull it down or otherwise tip it by hand. And absolutely do not climb on the vehicle. Use the proper tools and techniques, and always be a safe distance away. A vehicle can and will crush you if given the chance.

Treat winches and high-lift straps with respect. The straps, clevises, and other pieces are under extreme tension when in use. Inspect all parts before using, and stand clear while you are trying to recover a vehicle. A failure in gear or rigging can be lethal to you and by standers.

I hope to see you on the trails!

The Desert is Not Your Personal Sandbox

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-26

You�ve heard the old saying many times: Haul it in and haul it out. That generally applies to trash, but more places now require that visitors carry out their human waste as well. In some, you don�t have any choice. In the Moab, UT area and on the Rubicon Trail, for example, the ground is so rocky that it�s impossible to dig even a small hole.

4-wheelers for the most part are good about cleaning up after themselves, but some still need guidance regarding the sensitive topic of going to the bathroom.

This isn�t the most pleasant topic to discuss in public, but it is necessary. Too many of our trails and camping areas have literally become open-air outhouses. What�s really annoying is all the toilet paper lying around because the user didn�t take the time to bury it or put it in a plastic bag for disposal.

Dealing with toilet time is challenging, no doubt about it. Some drivers have tried a portable toilet (often called a porta-potty). Those are fine if you�re on a flat, level surface or in an RV. In addition to their size, these units use liquids to treat the waste, making them impractical for 4-wheelers.

A better option is the PETT� toilet system. PETT uses a dry chemical, and provides plastic bags to catch and store the waste.

It�s a pretty nifty system. A small bag, which contains the chemical, is used during each trip to the toilet. That bag is sealed and dropped into a larger bag which is hung inside the toilet. At the end of your trip you simply dispose of all the bags in a trash receptacle. You can choose from 12-, 50- and 100-pack waste kits. All kits include toilet paper and hand sanitizer.

The PETT system is available at most camping-supply stores. For more information, check out the manufacturer�s Web site at www.thepett.com.

Other options include the �pickle bucket� or a large can used with kitty litter.

Start by pouring enough kitty litter into the container so it�s at least an inch deep. After going to the toilet, cover all waste with at least a half-inch of kitty litter. Leave at least an inch of room at the top so you can apply a final layer of kitty litter.

Regardless of the container you use, make sure it has a tight-fitting lid. You don�t want the contents spilling out while you�re bouncing around the trails. Also, consider purchasing some pet deodorizer to apply after each trip to the toilet. A regular-size bottle or box should be sufficient for your needs. Check your favorite pet store or general merchandise store for options.

Of course, you�ll need something to sit on, so pick up a toilet seat designed for outdoors use at any camping-supply store. They�re relatively inexpensive and last a long time.

Whether you use the PETT system or some other method, make a point to properly take care of your human waste. Doing so will show others that we truly do care about protecting the environment.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Launch of Outdoor Adventure USA Amateur Net

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-17

Join us for the launch of the Outdoor Adventure USA Amateur Radio Net on April 24th, 2008.

Outdoor Adventure USA was originally created by "off-roading" enthusiasts who also happened to be licensed Amateur Radio operators (Ham radio). They believe that safely enjoying outdoor adventures, (while using a vehicle), seemed to be a perfect marriage with Amateur Radio. For a host of reasons, Ham radio is an indispensable part of enjoying the outdoors, especially in the more remote areas where this adventure is sometimes the best.

They have therefore combined interests in outdoor adventures with Ham Radio and created this net and its accompanying website, www.oausa.net. The net will host a wide variety of discussions concerning topics such as camping, vehicle preparation and maintenance, cooking, wilderness survival, first aid, Ham Radio (operation, installation and maintenance), photography, firearms, and many others.

This net will air weekly and will be open to anyone with the necessary Ham equipment. It will be an open discussion of the many topics which are of interest to outdoor enthusiasts and will be an opportunity to have a direct conversation with the speakers and ask questions and offer advice and information. The "net" will be open to any licensed Ham or anyone who is under the direct supervision of a licensed Ham. The "net" will be available just about anywhere in the US with the proper connections. A complete discussion of how to participate is covered in the Forums at http://oausa.net/forums/ .

For those Ham's in Southern California your options to log in to the net is;

Keller Peak @ 146.385, with (+) offset and a PL of 146.2.

Echolink users anywhere, use KE6TZG-L to talk & listen on Keller.

Tune in at 7:30 PM, every Thursday. We will have Gordon West as our guest for this first net.

I hope to see you on the trails and hear you on the air!

Don't Lose Your Head While Recovering a Vehicle

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-15

If there�s one maxim that applies to 4-wheeling regardless of where you ride and under what conditions it is this: There is no substitute for safety. In many instances the margin for error is slim.

One of the more dangerous situations arises when a vehicle is stuck. Even if the vehicle is upright and on stable ground, you still must use the proper equipment and technique. One mistake, and someone could get killed. It�s happened a couple times in the past few years, and the lessons learned from these sad incidents should serve as a wake-up call to anyone who drives off road. Both incidents, coincidently, occurred in Michigan, but they could�ve happened anywhere.

In one case, in 2004, the driver was attempting to pull his vehicle out using two 3-inch recovery straps hooked together with a clevis. During the attempt one recovery strap broke, and the clevis sprung back like a missile toward the vehicle being pulled. Sadly, the driver was standing behind his vehicle at that time�which you should never do for this reason�and was facing the other direction. He never saw the clevis screaming toward his head.

In another incident two years later, a 33-year-old man was killed when a metal clamp from the tow strap he and his friends were using broke off and came crashing through his windshield. He never had a chance to react, and died at the scene.

Both men left behind grieving families and friends. The worst part is, both tragedies could have been avoided had the drivers and their buddies used sound judgment.

Several lessons come out of these terrible tragedies. First, there are distinct differences between a tow strap and a recovery strap. Tow straps are designed merely to pull a vehicle from Point A to Point B over solid ground. They don�t have any stretch in them and have metal hooks on the ends.

A recovery strap is made to stretch and therefore absorb and smooth out some of the tension created during recovery. They typically are rated at 20,000 lbs. or more, which is needed for a safe recovery operation. In addition, the straps have sewn-in loops at the ends, as opposed to metal hooks or clamps.

Never use clevises, hooks, or other metal objects to connect recovery straps to each other. There is a proper way to do that, which I cover in my Getting Started class. Finally, never stand in the path of a recovery strap. While the strap may appear to be in good shape, it could still snap. Even fabric packs a wallop when it�s under stress. And, for good measure, place a large blanket over the middle of the strap. It will act like a parachute and slow down a broken strap.

Recovery operations are a fact of off-road driving. While hazardous by nature, by using proper equipment and technique, you not only clear your vehicle, but you ensure that you are around to drive another day.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Top 10 Must Have Items For Your Recently Purchased 4WD Vehicle

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-03-27

Top 10 Must-Have Items For Your Recently Purchased Vehicle

You�ve heard of David Letterman�s Top 10 list. I have one as well. But instead of poking fun at someone or something, my list is serious. It�s designed to prepare you and your vehicle for off-road driving. While these are ranked in order of importance, you should consider all recommendations to be critical to safe and successful four-wheeling.

1. Training � Everyone should take at least a basic off-road course from an instructor certified by the International 4-Wheel Drive Trainers� Association. In those courses you cover a number of important topics, including safe 4-wheel drive techniques, vehicle safety, trail etiquette, and environmental awareness. To find a certified training facility near you, visit the association Web site at www.i4wdta.org

2. Safety � 4-wheeling by its nature is done in hostile environments. At a minimum you can get some bumps and bruises. Cuts and sprains are possible too; even bug bites. A good first aid is comprised of at least four categories of products: tools, meds, wound care, and fracture kit, all stored in a water-proof container.

I also highly recommend you take a Wilderness First Responder course. They pack a lot of good information into the 72-hour course, such as how to deal with dislocations, severe cuts, anaphylaxic shock, and even fractures. To find a course near you, go to www.wildmed.com

Finally, make sure you have a good fire extinguisher in your vehicle. I suggest an ABC-rated 3 lb. rechargeable extinguisher with a gauge and a metal nose on it. (A plastic nose will break off.) Mount it where it�s accessible quickly and visible but secure so it�s not bouncing around in the vehicle.

3. Communication � You need to stay in touch while on the trails. CB is really popular out there. There are lots of brands and models to choose from, but I�ve heard good things about Cobra brand radios. You could also consider getting licensed as a ham radio operator. That would give you access to more radio frequencies, which extends your options.

Regardless of the route you go, make sure you mount your equipment well. Off-road driving creates a lot of vibration inside the vehicle, which affects any equipment you are carrying.

If you decide on CB, buy the standard �-wave antenna. Those long whip-like antennas you sometimes see are not practical off-road, and in fact can be quite dangerous.

4. Recovery strap and tow point � 20,000 lb. rated strap (ultimate breaking strength) with loops sewn in the ends as opposed to metal hooks. Remember that this is a recovery strap, not a towing strap. They�re two inches wide, and available in 20- and 30-foot lengths. I usually buy one of each to give myself options on distance. But you can get by with one, to start.

Tow points should be integrated into the vehicle frame if it doesn�t already have towing hooks on the front and back ends. Go to a reputable shop, and make sure the tow points are rated for the GVW.

5. Tires � Replace the passenger tires with a good set of all terrain or mud terrain tires suited to your vehicle. Those provide better performance and hold up much better off road. Drive your vehicle for at least a year before making major modifications, such as adding traction control aids, bigger tires, and other mechanical aids. This way you will develop your driving skills.

6. Tire kit � Included here are a good tire gauge (one that reads from 0-60 in 1 lb. increments), a deflator, and a plug kit. Tires, as you can image, take a pounding on many trails, so you must be able to plug small cuts and holes. Also, get the Trail Head automatic deflators. They can be set for your desired pressure and will stop automatically when they reach that pressure. For more information, go to www.trailheaddeflators.com

7. Hi-Lift jack � Extremely useful for off-road recovery and tire repair. A stock jack just won�t cut it. The only drawback is that the nose (lifting point) is straight and flat, so it does not work with curved or round bumpers. But, adapters exist that work with curved bumpers. Link to Hi-lift on Amazon

8. Winch and accessories � A winch is not absolutely necessary, but it provides peace of mind. I prefer that you spend your money on a winch rather then on lockers, lift, etc. until you have honed your driving skills. Get one that�s rated at least 1.5 times the GVW. Mount it so the bumper does not obscure a clear view of the full top of the winch.

You�ll need a winch kit, also. At a minimum this kit includes a tree strap, pulley, two D-rings�I recommend four�and a pair of gloves. The pin inside the D-rings (often called a clevice) should be at least ��. Any brand will do; all manufacturers sell quality winch kits.

9. Air compressor � There are various options. Some fit in a bag, others can be installed permanently. Get one that taps directly into the vehicle battery. Those designed to be plugged into the cigarette lighter take too long to operate. Other alternatives are CO2 tanks and engine drive compressors. A really neat product is the �dual force,� a combined winch and compressor from Warn.

10. Vehicle repair tools � A basic tool kit is fine. But be sure to include the 4-wheeler�s ultimate tool, a BFH (Big Frickin� Hammer). As they say on TV, don�t leave home without it!

I hope to see you on the trails!

Camping in The Mojave Desert

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-03-12

As a four-wheeler, youv'e probably spent countless hours driving the hundreds of miles of roads and trails in the Mojave Desert. Did you ever consider camping there as well? You should. Camping in the desert can be a remarkably enjoyable experience.

At 1.5 million acres, the Mojave National Preserve offers a lot of space for quality sightseeing and camping. Despite the harsh conditions, vegetation and wildlife are in abundance. More than dozen species of trees, over 60 varieties of shrubs, and several different cacti, including Old Man Cactus and Cotton Top cactus, can be found there. The Desert Sand Verbena, Lupine, Beavertail Cactus, and my favorite the Creosol bush bloom in spring, and are quite beautiful. Birds and animals you may see include hawks, falcons, bighorn sheep, coyotes, desert tortoise, and rattlesnakes.

The National Park Service encourages hiking and backpacking in the Preserve. There is no permit required for groups of fewer than 15 people.

Camping Options Are Numerous. The Preserve offers two developed campgrounds and a group campground. Sites are reserved on a first come, first served basis; the current fee is $12/night.

The Hole-in-the-Wall Campground, for example, is considered a wonderful spot for camping. It has 35 campsites, and sports pit toilets, picnic tables, and limited drinking water. There are no utility hookups but there is a sanitary disposal station. At 4,400 feet, its sculpted volcanic walls provide an incredible backdrop for the amazing scenery.

Because vegetation is sparse, you are not allowed to collect firewood in the Preserve. Campfires are allowed in the campgrounds, but you must bring your own firewood. Portable stoves are permitted. Dispersed camping is allowed in the Preserve. Y ou may make a camp fire only if there is an existing fire ring. A good idea would be to bring your own fire pan.

Temperatures vary widely in the Mojave Desert. Daytime temperatures in the spring can range from 55 to 75 (F); at night, they drop to 45 to 60 degrees.

Be Prepared Before You Head Into The DesertDo not take this environment for granted, regardless of your skill level. While beautiful, it can be unforgiving. Never camp alone. Before setting out, let your family know where you will be and when you expect to return.

Make sure you take enough supplies, including water, adequate clothing (dont forget a broad-brimmed hat and sunglasses), food, a first aid kit, and a functioning radio or phone. Watch your step, as poisonous snakes live in the desert. Be mindful of your own health and that of your fellow campers. Heat exhaustion and stroke are common, as is surprisingly hypothermia. People have been known to get caught in a freak nighttime rainstorm.

With proper preparation, your stay in the desert will be as rewarding as it is exhilarating. You will come back with a lifetime of memories and some great pictures.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Communication Equipment is Critical for Off-Road Driving

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-02-23

	Communications equipment is critical for off-road driving
	A well-known credit card company likes to remind customers that they shouldn�t �leave home without it.� The same is true for communications equipment if you plan to drive off road. Cell phones don�t operate in many remote areas, so you should consider picking up additional gear. The following information comes from manufacturers or retailers. Keep in mind that performance is affected by numerous factors, including terrain and elevation. Your results may vary. This is a good time to remind you of the importance of driving in groups and not depending entirely on communication equipment functioning. Going out alone is risky. Having at least one extra vehicle along ensures that you have transportation home should that become necessary. Personal locator beacon Lightweight and small enough to fit in your pocket or backpack, the beacon transmits distress and homing signals when activated. A satellite determines the location of the beacon, and transmits the information to authorities. Accuracy is said to be within 110 yards. A PLB has been used to rescue at least one person in the United States since the devices became available in July, 2003. It is mandatory that you register your PLB. It�s fast, easy and free at www.beaconregistration.noaa.gov . When activated, the unique identification code in your PLB is linked to the registration database. The purchase price is about $600.00 but there is no subscription fee. SPOT (Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker) Another beacon-like device just introduced in November 2007, this palm-sized unit uses GPS satellites to acquire its coordinates, which it then feeds to your family, friends, or even a 911 dispatch center. (If in 911 mode, SPOT transmits your coordinates every five seconds.) SPOT can track your movements, and will place calls for non-emergency assistance as well. According to the manufacturer, its battery lasts up to 40 days in tracking mode and four days in 911 mode. The current cost for the unit of $149 to $169 USD is cheaper then a PLB and you receive a lot more functionality but there is a service fee of $9.99 per month or annual fee for $99.99. The corporate web page is http://www.findmespot.com/. Beacons should be used only during a life-threatening emergency. You�re essentially calling 911, with any number of satellites around the globe picking up your signal. Use with care as you are activating a massive number of resources. Satellite phone As the name suggests, these phones use satellites to carry your signal. The main players, Iridium and Globalstar, have each deployed a collection of low-earth-orbit satellites to support these phones. Manufactures claim the phones offer superior sound with minimal dropped calls. If terrain or buildings get in the way, the system is designed to �hand off� the call to an appropriate satellite. Both manufacturers claim to have extensive coverage around the world. Just recently Globalstar introduced a new Satellite phone in a smaller trim package. As a result the old bulky phones are on sale. Over the next 2 year they are re positioning their satellite configuration. As a result, call service will be spotty with dropped calls � just like the early days of cell service! If you hurry you can get a great deal on an old phone and crappy service. Phones are going for $250 USD with unlimited monthly talk time for $9.95 per month. To learn more, go to http://satellitediscountstore.com:80/globalstar-ultimate-plan.aspx Radios Amateur radio: A ham radio license gives you access to various bands from shortwave into UHF. VHF frequencies are useful for short to mid range, while the shortwave bands will get you out farther. You need to take a written test to obtain a license, but you no longer need to know Morse Code. For more information, go to www.arrl.org . Citizens Band: CB offers 40 channels in the 27 MHz portion of the shortwave band. Range typically is one to five miles for the mobile units using an external antenna. Expect shorter range with the handheld version. Historically, channel 9 was used as a distress frequency, but most other channels are monitored or in use throughout the day. No license is needed to operate CB. Most existing 4-Wheel Drive clubs use CB and you will be expected to have one if you join. I recommend you buy a full size CB with single side band and weather channels. Regardless of what radio you purchase buy a high quality antenna and make sure it is a solid installation. The key to clear communication is in the antenna. The California Association of 4-Wheel Drive Clubs recommends that antenna length be limited to 4 and � feet. This is a safety issue. The full length whip (108 inch) antennas can hurt people off road (as the name Implies). FRS/GMRS/MURS: Soon after the CB craze reached its peak in the 1970s, people starting asking for new frequencies to get away from the congestion found there. The FCC responded by opening two UHF bands and one VHF band for private communications. Most of the radios found in stores today are designed for the Family Radio Service. These low-power (� watt) handheld units offer 14 channels with a range typically less than a mile. You don�t need a license to operate one of these. Some radios are equipped to handle the additional eight GMRS frequencies as well. GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) radios are permitted more power (up to 5 watts in a handheld and up to 50 watts in a mobile radio), and require you to apply for a license. (No exam is required.) The license is $85 and is good for 5 years. They can transmit over greater distances, especially if you have an external antenna and can access a repeater. Information about GMRS repeaters, including their locations, is available on the internet. MURS (Multi-User Radio Service) radios operate on VHF frequencies with permitted power up to 2 watts and can have a external antenna. They don�t require a license, and don�t appear to be as popular as FRS and GMRS radios. RINO (Radio Integrated with Navigation for the Outdoors): A newer concept, these radios combine GPS technology with FRS and GMRS frequencies into one handheld unit. The radios come with mapping software, and you can download information about new areas using sources like MapSource�. Higher-end models include NOAA weather channels, an electronic compass, and a barometric sensor. Output power for RINO units is the standard � watt for FRS frequencies but may be only 1 watt for GMRS channels. Therefore, your range could be limited to perhaps a mile or so. Research before you buy With so many options to choose from, do your research before buying. You can find a wealth of information on the internet. Then turn to a knowledgeable and objective source for any questions. Make sure that person understands where you will be driving and under what conditions you will be operating. Driving into the wild can be very exhilarating but also very dangerous. Make sure you have reliable communication equipment on board before leaving home.
	I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### FREE off-road information Get valuable advice and the latest tips for safe wheeling, hot new gear reviews, inside hints on upcoming events, and more! To receive your own copy of my exciting twice-monthly newsletter, click here: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html Note: We never sell or rent your name and email address! ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Clean up Toxic Spills Promptly

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-11-26

We four-wheelers are naturally conscientious folks, and are always concerned about our impact on the environment. Unfortunately, we sometimes are faced with leaks and spills from our vehicles.

Engine oil, transmission oil, gear oil, brake fluid and radiator fluid can have a devastating effect on the environment and wildlife. Radiator fluid is particularly hazardous, as its sweet taste makes it attractive to mammals. Worse, it doesn't take much to kill. One teaspoon of ethanol glycol will kill a cat; three tablespoons will put down a dog. I highly recommend you switch to a propylene-based radiator fluid like Sierra brand. If by chance you spill some and don't get it cleaned up thoroughly, there's less of a risk to native animals.

As with any exercise, planning and preparation are key. Essential clean-up items include a plastic container with a tight lid (Tupperware products work nicely), kitty litter, paper towels or rags, and a shovel. You probably already have paper or plastic cups in your vehicle. If not, grab some. High-tech absorbents and wipes are available for large oil spill situations and to wipe down rocks surfaces. You may want to pick up some to help with those problems.

If you choose to build a spill kit, I highly recommend you include kitty litter. It is one of the most absorbent materials around. NewPig (www.newpig.com ) offers a variety of useful materials as well as complete spill kits.

Before dealing with any spill or leak, make sure that the vehicle is secure and that all passengers are safe.

First, catch any dripping liquid in a plastic container. Use a cup to scoop up pools of liquid. If need be, dam up the area to keep the spill from spreading. Use special absorbent rolls like the Pig Blue Socks, or build a mini earthen dike around the spill.

Next, spread kitty litter or other absorbent material to soak up the spill. Paper towels, rags, diapers, even a t-shirt or sweat shirt will do in an emergency.

You should also pack absorbents and wipes designed for oil spills. Two others that are particularly effective are PeatSorb (http://www.peatsorb.com/ ) and Oil-Dri (http://ww.oildri.com/indusauto/index.html). You may find these products locally, but look for a retailer who breaks down the bulk quantities and offers these materials in smaller units. You'll save money by buying larger quantities and breaking them down for yourself and friends into individual spill kits. (I can add other vendors to this list on my Web site. Send me the details about companies you are familiar with or discover locally who provide spill kits.)

PeatSorb is ideal because it is very effective on grease and oil spots (even on rock), and it is naturally decomposing.

Everything is hauled out. Proper clean up means that the spilled liquid and contaminated soils are removed for proper disposal. All material and soil should be collected in plastic bags; double-bag, if possible. Place the bags on the rubber floor mats in case there's a leak. Gear oil, in particular, leaves a nasty smell in your carpet that is very difficult to remove. Remember to wipe down rocks with the proper absorbent pads available from PeatSorb and Oil-Dri.

Make sure the lid is secure on your container(s). You don't want the fluids and kitty litter spilling all over the inside of your vehicle.

When you get home, dispose of the mess in the proper manner. Call your local authorities if you have any questions about how to handle this material. You may be able to use PeatSorb-treated soil. The manufacturer claims that the soil is safe to use for planting in three weeks.

Toxic spills are a potential with off-road driving. Quick action on your part, using ordinary household products, will ensure you leave the area as you found it.

I hope to see you on the trails!

CO2 Tanks - Tips

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2007-11-15

CO2 Tank - Tips

Anyone who said 4-wheelers aren�t passionate about their sport doesn�t know what he�s talking about. Wow. Within hours of sending my message on Thursday, Oct. 25, my inbox was loaded with replies.

All of you provided some very valuable information on the vendors you use to fill tanks, which will be on my Web site soon - watch for that. In the meantime, I�d like to share some comments that arrived.

This is a compilation of feedback and tips received from CO2 Tanks users. There is some repetition of some ideas but it paints a strong picture.

Co2 Tank Use -Tips

CO2 is popular because more cubic volume can be compressed in the tank. The downside is condensation inside the rims and freezing of the regulator under heavy use.
Nitrogen does not provide as much cubic volume and hence you must carry a larger tank. Upside is that there is no condensation; the gas is not subject to as much change under heat so pressures stay relatively the same when the tire is cold or hot. Regulator does not freeze up under heavy usage.
The CO2 molecule is smaller then Nitrogen. It slow leaks through tires and valves. The remedy is to check the tires in one week, two more weeks, one more month, etc.

Filling Up

I call before hand to find out when they are filling CO2. If I schedule my time to match theirs, they fill while I wait, if not it stays overnight
They have always been very careful with my tank (when filling it). They use adjustable wrenches. Bring your own if you are worried about marking.
You cannot reliably fill CO2 unless the tank is empty. They do properly fill the tank though, this is key. That is they start with an empty tank, put it on the scale to get its tare weight, and then fill it up with 10lbs of CO2 by weight.
Knowing the weight of your tank empty and full is vital. So is knowing how many tires it can fill per pound or half
I weighed the tank to determine how much CO2 was left but I had trouble visualizing the result. I used a permanent marker to mark a scale on the side of the tank showing Full, 3/4 Full, 1/2 Full, 1/4 Full, and Empty. Alongside each of the five marks I wrote the tank's weight at that capacity. Now when I weigh the tank, I just look at the scale and it's easy to visualize how much is left. Calculation: You measure the Full weight and Empty weight. Subtract the Empty weight from the Full weight and divide the result by four to get the "number". Add this number to the Empty weight to get the 1/4-Full weight. Then add this number to the 1/4-Full weight to get the 1/2-Full weight. Finally, add this number to the 1/2-Full weight to get the 3/4-Full weight. If you did your math correctly, you should be able to add this number to the 3/4-Full weight and get the Full weight.

Safety

It�s heavy, even empty, so it needs to be properly secured. You cannot operate it in the horizontal configuration, so if you want to use it without removing it from the vehicle you need to mount it (carrying bracket) in a vertical orientation.
Have a damn solid bracket or strap�otherwise you have a potentially explosive missile in the back of your rig.
Get a bracket for the tank, they are available anywhere and not only make transportation of the tank a good deal safer they also make it a lot more convenient.
Their cylinders are made of aluminum, which eliminates my corrosion and cracking concerns.
I did a lot of research on the safety of having a tank in an auto; the worst that can happen is getting hit by the tank. If the top were to ever break there isn�t enough pressure there to turn it into a missile like some people think (only has about 600-700 PSI).
Always transport with the regulator removed.

Equipment

Don�t skimp on the coil up hose, a cheap hose can get brittle and break under prolonged use such as performing repairs with an impact gun.
Don�t run on the trail w/ the cheap $20 air hose kit from Pep Boys hooked up to the tank. It bleeds too much.
Make sure you get a hose that is rated for 600-700 PSI. Stay away from the yellow nylon hoses they become brittle and will break
It�s good to have nice heavy duty air line for the line from the tank to the air chuck. I have had two of those cheap yellow plastic self-coiling air lines (purchased at Wal-mart and Kragen) rupture when leaving the tank in the hot sun with the valve open. I use higher quality hose now, but still immediately shut the valve off as soon as I am done actively filling tires. This takes pressure off the hose.
CO2 is cold and will freeze the line and fittings, so use good hardware.
Gauges are nice but I have never felt it important to know tank pressure because it�s my understanding that tank pressure is not an indication of fill level--the tank provides max pressure right up to the end.
Some people get the regulator with a gauge on it. I decided not to for reasons: the tank is under constant pressure, its liquid co2 but it holds vapor inside which keeps the tank pressurized � thus the gauge will read full, until it is empty. You can check it by weight � weigh the tank when it�s empty and then when it�s full � when close to the empty weight go fill it.

In Use

Set the regulator for about 90psi, this will help control icing and is perfectly adequate for filling tires quickly, you can always crank the regulator up higher if you need to get particularly stubborn bolts off with impact (and I have).
Also when using impact you will notice the tool dying out after a short period of use, this is normal, just release the trigger and let the CO2 "spool up" again. Quick bursts are your friend here.
Power Tanks can only be used when they are in an upright position. The bracket holds the Power Tank upright and accessible so I can fill my tires without having to remove the Power Tank from my car.
I can usually do 3 tires before my line freezes and I have to wait a bit to let it thaw, that�s when I reconnect my anti-sway bar, then finish the last tire, not a big deal. Because it is cold air, you will need to top off your tires the next day, mine usually goes down about 5-7psi overnight,
During cold conditions it works slower.
Several of my trail buddies even use it to frost their beer mugs at the end of the day in camp, just like the bars and restaurants do.

Backup

I have a portable air compressor (Pepboys $50) and it works great as a back-up. Liked using my large tank so much I found I wanted a second smaller tank; it�s great for taking on road trips in the car or when I go out wheeling/motorcycle riding/mtb riding/etc�with friends without their own tanks. I keep the small bottle just in case I use up my large bottle out on the trail using tools or seating tires�
Keep it inside the vehicle, use it wisely, and don't share it, nice guys finish with three wheels full and happy friends. CO2 is not free air like compressed like an expensive Kilby or York.)

I�m still compiling the information, but one thing is strikingly clear: You prefer to use air compressors. (In fact, only about 30% said they used air tanks. However of the tank user, they overwhelmingly prefer CO2 instead of nitrogen.) A common sentiment for non tank users was expressed by this comment I received. �I chose not to go with a CO2 version because when you run out, you�re out. Also, they have a limit to the number of tires they can fill up on one tank. When I�m out on the trail, I want to know that there will always be plenty of air for myself, my buddies and anyone else on the trail that may need my help. Having to ration my CO2 just doesn't make sense to me.� Thanks, again, to everyone for responding to my survey. Regardless of whether you use tanks or compressors, your feedback will help make our sport more enjoyable for all. I�ll see you on the trails!

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

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Get valuable advice and the latest tips for safe wheeling,
hot new gear reviews, inside hints on upcoming events, and more!
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Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2007, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Fatigue is Nothing to Yawn At

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2007-09-07

	My Sand Clinic on Aug. 18 reminded me of a very important fact: fatigue is common in off-road driving and must be taken seriously. The clinic was designed to last several hours longer, but by 2:30 I could tell the drivers were bushed, so I called it quits. Better that than to risk damage to vehicle or, worse, injury. Off-road driving�even on sand�is incredibly intense. You�re so focused on the course ahead that even after an hour you can feel the tension. Each rock, rut, stick, or cliff represents a challenge and requires your full concentration. Driving for several hours can really wear you down. Fatigue sets in, and you lose focus. The rock or stick you saw in the morning is missed in the afternoon. You could easily puncture a tire or get your differential hung up on a rock. You also risk getting stuck in a rut or backing into an overhanging rock wall. Another problem, surprisingly, is over-confidence. This can lead you to take risks you otherwise wouldn�t have. During a clinic in March 2006 our group encountered a rollover on the trail. Turns out the driver took a slick and muddy downhill trail much faster than he should have. Not thinking clearly, perhaps brought on by over-confidence, he hit the breaks improperly at one point, causing an understeer situation. He lost control and flipped the vehicle. Fortunately, everyone was belted in and was able to climb out. You�ve got to pay attention every moment your vehicle is in motion. But it becomes increasingly more difficult to focus as you become tired. A lot of bad things can happen at that point. The key is to recognize when it�s time to quit. Go home or back to camp and relax. Save yourself and your vehicle for another day. The terrain isn�t going anywhere, but you are if you push yourself. And where you�ll end up is some place you�d rather not be.
	I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### FREE off-road information Get valuable advice and the latest tips for safe wheeling, hot new gear reviews, inside hints on upcoming events, and more! To receive your own copy of my exciting twice-monthly newsletter, click here: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html Note: We never sell or rent your name and email address! ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2007, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

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