Badlands Off-Road Adventures

Camping Gear Repair Kit

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2013-05-12

Camping Gear Repair Kit

Build a repair kit for your off-Road gear.
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One of the keys to a successful off-road trip is preparation. I�ve written about that many times. Understandably, the focus is on preparing your vehicle and yourself for the journey. With this article I�d like to zero in on personal items and camping gear.

Do you know how to handle breaks, tears or holes in your camping gear, clothing or bedding? It begins with the proper tools and supplies. Let�s take a look at some of the items you should pack.

For camping

Several manufacturers offer camping repair kits. They appear to be pretty good, and you could probably get by with one of those. If you choose to build a kit, be sure to include these items:

Terma-A-Rest sells replacement kits if you lost or used the one that came with the Therm-A-Rest.
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Patches and glue for the tent fabric, and a bottle of seam sealer.
Materials to repair broken tent poles. You can use short pieces of tube slightly larger than the tent poles, along with duct tape or other strong tape. Camping kits contain the short tubes, known as tent pole ferrules, so you may be better off just buying a kit. Some kits also include Tenacious Tape, designed specifically for high-stress applications.
Extra mantel(s) and generator(s). If your lantern and stove use liquid gas, consider purchasing at least one extra generator. They wear out with heavy use. You can find those at camping stores and online. Also, make sure you have extra mantels on hand.
Patches for repairing holes in the air mattress. Therm-A-Rest mattresses come with patch kits. The patching process is a bit complicated, but it works great.

Did you miss the previous articles?

2013-04-15 Keep Recovery Gear Accessible
2013-03-15 You Gotta Have Good Wood to Go 4 Wheeling
2013-02-22 Expedient Field Repair - U Joints
2013-02-01 February 2013 Off-Road Adventures Magazine: Rasor Off-Highway Vehicle Area by Tom Severin

June Schedule

(click on the link for details)

June 01 Basic to Advanced Winching & Recovery Clinic - Mojave CA

June 02 Tire Repair and High Lift Jack Mini Clinic - Hawthorne CA

June 08 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

June 07 Sign up for the Wilderness Advanced First Aid class near Gorman CA. See details below.

June 15 Beginning Rock crawling - Johnson Valley

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 7, 8, 9 & 10, 2013

We need anyone interested to sign up now to ensure we have enough teams to make the class work.

The Wilderness Advanced First Aid clinic will provide you with skills, knowledge and training to handle life threatening medical emergencies and allows you to be better prepared to protect your family in an emergency. Wilderness Advanced First Aid is a four day immersion into general medical concepts and Basic Life Support skills. This course teaches what to do with a medical emergency when help is miles away and calling 911 isn�t an option. If you plan to become a Wilderness First Responder, this is the first 4 days of the 8 day Wilderness First Response course. You can take the second 4 days at a later time (within 3 years).

" The Wilderness First Aid was one of the MOST USEFULL clinics I have ever attended, due in large part to the effort you and Josh put in to make it all possible. "
Joe de Kehoe

Note - this is a four day class and you must be at least 18 years old. If you are interested follow these links.

More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

Winch Recovery Bandana

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The Bandana is packed full of useful information and is a quick reference in the field when no DVD player is available."

The Bandana layout follows the �Vehicle Recovery Plan� with pathways to more detail. A unique section of the Bandana, gives the steps for a �Winch Rigging Check: Walk through� so that you verify every element of the rigging before you commit to the pull. Stuff this in your recovery kit and you will always be ready!

Pick up or order the Winching DVD too! There is no substitute for hands on training. If you can, sign up for one of Badlands Off-Road Adventure�s Winching Clinics.

Warning � the Bandana and DVD are not a substitute for proper training and use of quality equipment that is used within the bounds of their safe working load. We advise you to use the information provided in both the Winching Recovery Bandana and the "Basic to Advanced Winching and Recovery DVD" at your own risk. We cannot control the quality and specifications of the equipment used and the methods actually employed.

Winch Recovery Bandana Order Button

Order a Basic to Advanced Winching & Recovery DVD too!

(Click picture for more details)

I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
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Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2013, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Keep Recovery Gear Accessible

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2013-04-15

Keep Recovery Gear Accessible

Recovery strap or rope, two D rings, a shackle block and 2 hitch pins.
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You�re in the middle of nowhere stuck in the sand. Your buddy waits patiently while you paw through your car looking for the recovery strap and gear needed to get you out of your bind.

�I know it�s in here somewhere!� you scream (along with a few choice words).

Your off-road adventure is becoming a disaster because you either didn�t pack a recovery strap, or you packed it so deeply it�ll take you a long time to find it.

Sometimes a vehicle is really stuck, but most situations can be resolved with a basic recovery strap (flat or rope). Problem is, the necessary equipment often isn�t within easy reach if it was packed at all.

Gear needed for proper recovery

It�s quite simple, really: a recovery strap or rope, two D rings, a shackle block and 2 hitch pins.

Recovery straps are typically 2 inches wide and 20 or 30 feet long. That width of strap is usually rated to 20,000 lbs. which is enough for most vehicles. (Check the label to make sure of the rating.)

Recovery ropes, formally called kinetic energy recovery ropes (KERR), are just that: a rope of recovery material. Generally �� or 7/8� diameter, they also come in 20 and 30 foot lengths.

Recovery straps are more popular because they�re less expensive, run around $20 to $70, and not as bulky. Recovery ropes, sometimes referred to by the brand name Bubba Rope, can run $120 to $180.

Though bulkier and more expensive, I�m warming up to recovery ropes. Why? They stretch more. Recovery straps offer 10% to 15% stretch. That�s fine in most instances. Recovery ropes, on the other hand, are designed to stretch up to 30%. That�s a significant gain and in my mind worth the added cost. Plus, that added stretch smooths out the jerking motion, making for a more comfortable recovery.

Use recovery straps, ropes safely

Before discussing the recovery process, it�s important to review the safety rules. Recovering a vehicle is a dangerous process. It requires your attention to detail.

Make sure the recovery strap(s) you�re using don�t have any metal hooks sewn in. The strap should have only a fabric loop at each end. And, never use D rings to attach two recovery straps together. Straps are under great tension during the recovery process. If one breaks, any attached metal becomes a flying missile. Severe injury and death can result as mentioned in this article. Deadly Mistakes - Don't lose Your Head While Recovering a Vehicle.

As soon as both ends of the line are connected (but not yet under tension), treat the strap or rope as a �live line.� If you need to cross over the strap, step on it, as opposed to stepping over it. If the strap suddenly develops tension, you may be thrown, but you won�t suffer a nasty snap burn.

For further protection, I recommend using a heavy blanket as a parachute. Pack one for every off-road trip.

Once the recovery strap or rope is under tension, do not allow anyone to walk between the vehicles. It�s best that spectators are kept at a safe distance.

Recovery strap, rope must be accessible

In order for you to recover a vehicle, you�ve got to have the gear and it must be accessible. It�s useless if buried in at the bottom of a box; with two other boxes piled on top; and 3 more boxes you have to move that are in your way. Pack your gear�recovery strap or rope, D rings and hitch pins�in a separate bag. Much like your emergency Go Bag. Store it on the floor behind the driver�s seat or some other place that�s easily accessible. Then, should the need arise, you can quickly grab your gear and get started.

Gotta save your buddy? Grab your rope or strap, your bag of attachment hardware, and a pair of gloves. The minimal bit of hardware in the bag will let you fasten to both vehicles regardless of what you are present with. If they have a D ring that has been wrenched down so it will not vibrate off, throw one of your D rings on it. No need to go get tools. If they have a trailer hitch, slide in your shackle block and hold it in place with the hitch pin. Have to hook up to a second trailer hitch? Feed the loop inside and secure with your other hitch pin. If they have a hook, do not use any hardware. Just throw the loop over it.

Your recovery gear is as important as a first aid kit and tool kit. In fact, many off-road organizations include recovery gear in the preparation checklist.

If you drive off road regularly, you�re bound to experience or encounter a recovery situation. Pack the proper gear and store it where you can reach it easily.

# # # #

Did you miss the previous articles?

2013-03-15 You Gotta Have Good Wood to Go 4 Wheeling
2013-02-22 Expedient Field Repair - U Joints
2013-02-01 February 2013 Off-Road Adventures Magazine: Rasor Off-Highway Vehicle Area by Tom Severin
2013-01-11 Drive Your Customers To The Edge!

Rest of April, May, and Early June Schedule

(click on the link for details)

Skill practice in the Wilderness Advanced First Aid (WAFA) class

April 27 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

April 28 Advanced Beginner Clinic - San Diego Area CA

May 04 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

May 05 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

May 11 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

June 01 Basic to Advanced Winching & Recovery Clinic - Mojave CA

June 07 Sign up for the Wilderness Advanced First Aid class near Gorman CA. See details below.

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 7, 8, 9 & 10, 2013

Mark these dates on your calendar or sign up now so you don't forget.

Winch Recovery Bandana

Click for higher resolution image

Winch Recovery Bandana Order Button

Order a Basic to Advanced Winching & Recovery DVD too!

(Click picture for more details)

Expedient Field Repair - U Joints

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2013-02-22

Expedient Field Repair - U Joints

There are two styles of clips that retain the caps on a u joint. The clips on the out side of the cap are typical of drive shaft u joints.
The "C" Clips that fit behind the cap is typical of an axle shaft.
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Breakdowns and broken parts are about as common as dirt in your face and wind in your hair. In fact, considering the abuse a vehicle often takes, it�s a wonder that the breakdowns aren�t more severe.

In an earlier column I discuss ways to minimize hazards and therefore potential damage to your vehicle. Here I�ll show you how to replace a universal joint. U-joint replacement, while not as common as fixing tires or replacing tie rods, is an important skill to know. A broken U joint will cripple your vehicle; knowing how to handle the situation will get you back on the trail.

There are a variety of U-joints in both the front axle and drive shafts. The front drive shaft U-joints are different from the back drive shaft, and the U-joints at each end of the drive shaft could be different from each other.

Take a moment to review the U-joints found in your vehicle(s). Pack spare U-joints that are appropriate for your front axles and drive shafts. They are cheap insurance and take up little space.

If you have a spare U-joint and that�s the only thing that�s broken, swap in a good one. If the universal joint damaged the yoke it fits into, take the damaged part out so you can still drive (or tow) the vehicle.

One of the cardinal rules of four wheeling is to be prepared. Remember this: The more remote and the more difficult the trip, the more you need to take! That is when you take a spare drive shaft or axle(s) too.

By the way, I occasionally offer a one-day field repair class. I discuss U joint replacement and other topics. Contact me if you�re interested in learning more.

Replacing a universal joint

The tools and parts you�ll need for replacing a U-joint include:

New U-joint
Snap ring pliers or pliers
Flat blade screw driver to push the "C" clips off - a thin blade is nice
Big hammer
Block of wood to work on
Old socket that has the right OD (outside diameter) to fit inside the yoke holding the U-joint cap

How to change a u-joint:

(Follow the pictures below.)

Remove the axle or drive shaft so you can get to the U joint (seems we might need to cover that in another article).
Remove the snap rings on both ends (some have a C clip on the inside � push them off with a screw driver).
Use an old socket (spark plug socket is about right) to drive the cap in on one side forcing the cap out the other side. This will destroy the socket, which is why I recommend you use an old one.
Remove the cap that comes out the far side of the yoke.
If you can, work the other cap off on the inside of the journal. If not, drive it back out its original side.
When you put the new caps on make sure all the needle bearings are in place and that none have fallen out. If one is lying in the bottom of the cap, you will not be able to get the snap ring back in and will have to start over. Set the other caps aside so they are not damaged or fall off as you hammer the one you are working on.

This is what a drive shaft u joint looks like. Only 2 of the caps have retention clips. The other two ends have u bolts or straps that hold them to the output shaft of the T-case or the pinion of the axle. If you need to save this u joint - tape the other two caps to each other so they cannot fall off.
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When you unbolt the u joint from the drive shaft, run a bit of tape - like this - to ensure the two caps not in the yoke do not fall off and spill their needle bearings. In this picture, we have already removed the other two caps from the yoke.
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This is what a front axle u joint looks like. Look carefully and you can see the "C" clips clearly on at least one of the caps.
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You don't want to see needle bearings falling out of a cap you need to use / reuse. Our friend "Pappy" meticulously found every one in the dirt one day and put them back in place. There was no other option - we did not have a second spare u joint.
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Use pliers to remove the snap ring in this type u joint or use a screw driver to remove the c clips on the other type u joint. Normally you will find fresh snap rings or c clips in the box with the new u joint. However, keep track of the old ones. With limited resources, you may just find you need it if one goes flying off never to be found!
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Use an old socket (spark plug socket is about right - this one is a bit bigger at 11/16) to drive the cap in on one side forcing the cap out the other side. This will damage the socket, which is why I recommend you use an old one. Remove the cap that comes out the far side of the yoke. If you can, work the other cap off on the inside of the journal. If not (which is common for me), drive it back out its original side. We are at that stage of driving the cap out the other side in this picture. Use a pliers, if necessary, to grab the cap at this stage and pull it out.
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Set all the other new caps to the side to avoid spilling the needle bearings. Start the first cap from the bottom so you can keep it up right and not drop the needle bearings. Carefully insert the journal into the cap to ensure none of the needle bearings fall down into the bottom of the cap. Use a large hammer on the weld ring of the drive shaft to seat the cap. If even one needle bearing falls down into the bottom of the cap, it will prevent you from having enough clearance to seat the snap rings into their grove. If that happens (it has to just about everyone) you need to start over by driving out the caps again. Think of it as good practice!
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Hold the journal so it stays in the first cap and turn the yoke over. Start the second cap from the bottom. Carefully lower the journal into it.
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Use the hammer again to seat the second cap. Use the socket to tap them down until you can replace the snap rings on both ends. Make sure the snap rings fit fully into their grove.
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Spend a few moments to make sure your vehicle is stocked with the appropriate tools and replacement parts. Those, along with the knowledge outlined here, will help you if you ever need to replace a universal joint.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

March / April Schedule

(click on the link for details)

Click for higher resolution image

March 03 Basic to Advanced Winching Clinic - Borrego Springs, CA

March 09 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

March 10 Advanced Beginner Clinic - Mojave CA

March 16 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

March 17 Rock Driving Clinic - last chance before Easter Safari

March 25 Easter Safari

April 06 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

April 07 Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic

April 27 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

April 28 Advanced Beginner Clinic - San Diego Area CA

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 7, 8, 9 & 10, 2013

Mark these dates on your calendar or sign up now so you don't forget.

Winch Recovery Bandana

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Drive Your Customers To The Edge

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2013-01-11

Drive Your Customers To The Edge!

Cero Gordo Mine
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Looking for a great way to get out with a customer, but you don�t golf? Why not take them four wheeling!

That�s right: Get away with a customer or prospect for some quality one-one-one time. While it requires a bit more planning than a round of golf, a trek into the back country could prove to be quite the experience.

No need to limit yourself to customers, either. Think vendors (suppliers), prospects and employees. You can use an off-road jaunt as part of a team-building exercise or as a reward for your sales staff. You and your staff could have a lot of fun with this. How many businesses let their employees go romping on the trails as a reward for a job well done?

You see, it�s all about building and maintaining those relationships. An off-road excursion, if even for just a couple hours, provides that valuable one-on-one time. Your guest(s) come away with some pretty amazing memories.

Taking your guests four wheeling

There are some details to consider. First, of course, is the difficulty of the ride. Bear in mind that, unlike you, your guest may have little or no off-road driving experience. Plan a more leisurely ride. Make your goal some destination (as opposed to the drive itself). For example, you may decide to visit an old mine, check out a ghost town, do some fishing, or just go out for a ride and a picnic. Ideally, select a place that your guests haven�t or couldn�t visit on their own.

Which is why it helps to know your guests� interests. What have you learned about them over the years? Use that information to determine the destination(s) and activities.

Try to enlist a second driver. You should always head out with at least one other vehicle. For this exercise, the second driver could transport other customers or employees. To maximize face time with each guest, you and the other driver could switch passengers during some predetermined moment, say lunchtime.

Let your guests drive if they want to (and you feel confident). Make sure you keep your eyes on the trail while you chat, especially if you�re in difficult terrain.

Remember to pack your vehicle accordingly. This will include recovery gear, first aid kit, communications equipment, food, water and such.

Start simple. You can always enhance the program as you gain experience (and confidence) doing this. Have fun with this. In fact, that�s the point. Too often contacts with customers, employees and others are on a serious basis. Going off road allows all of you to let your hair down a bit.

Take a few moments now to sketch out some ideas. Consider who you�d like to take and where you�ll go. Then make those calls. Over time this could turn into something really big for you and your organization. Go for it!

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Did you miss the previous articles?

Late January / February Schedule

(click on the link for details)

Click for higher resolution image

You need to sign up for Easter Safari this week.
See the note after the rest of the calendar below.
January 12 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

January 13 Advanced Beginner Clinic - Mojave CA

January 19 Bradshaw Trail

January 26 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

January 27 Sand & Dunes Driving Clinic - San Diego area

February 02 Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic

February 09 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

February 10 Rock Driving Clinic

February 23 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

February 24 Advanced Beginner Clinic - San Diego Area CA

March 03 Basic to Advanced Winching Clinic - Borrego Springs, CA

Easter Safari Moab, UT March 25, 2013

If you plan to Easter Safari this year (2013), you need to sign up now! We will be signing up for trail on Jan 22nd (first come first served).

If you want to join Badlands Off-Road Adventures, this link will take you to our plan and program. http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

Winch Recovery Bandana

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Be Seen And Be Cool

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-12-15

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Be Seen And Be Cool

Flags help keep track of the group.
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Dune flags are quite popular nowadays. You�ll see all colors and styles, including the American flag, pirate flags, checkerboard flags, rebel flags, �Don�t Tread on Me�, and many others. While the driver may be making a statement with his flag, there is a distinct purpose for the flags, as well.

Those flags add an element of safety to the sport of four wheeling. Strange as it may seem, collisions do occur in wide open expanses we four-wheelers drive on. Those flags help you see and be seen.

This is especially true in hilly or dusty environments. Hills naturally block views. Climbing a hill or dune, you can�t see what�s on the other side. Is another vehicle coming toward you?

Dust and sand are another problem. While a flag is quite small, if it�s bright orange or red, it often can be seen through the haze of dust. Plus, its height�perhaps six to eight feet above the ground�may place it above most or all of the dust. I�ve witnessed instances when the only thing you could see through the dusty cloud was a couple of flags. You�d be surprised just how low visibility gets on many trails at higher speeds. (BTW remember Tom�s rule: over 10 mph is �fast� off-road! That doesn�t mean we can�t go fast. Just that the dynamics change.)

An added benefit is that by watching the flags of the vehicles ahead, you can get an idea of the terrain. If you see the flags bobbing up and down, that tells you may be headed for some whoop-dee-doo.

Related to that, it�s easier to keep track of the vehicles behind you if they have flags. While in the lead vehicle, I typically can see back at most up to three vehicles. But I can see upwards of a half dozen flags waving behind me. Although the vehicles in my trips are always in radio contact, I also glance in my mirror or over my shoulder frequently to check on the other vehicles progress. Not all drivers travel at the same speed on unfamiliar or difficult terrain. It�s a comforting feeling to look back and see all those flags trailing along knowing the group is together.

At the same time, it�s easier for those in the pack to see the lead vehicle. I recommend that the lead vehicle use a distinctive banner so everyone can spot the vehicle. Vehicles can disappear for a short period while going through brush or down a hill. And, as mentioned before, the dune flag might be seen through or above the dust when its vehicle is not.

Rules, specifications for dune flags

Generally speaking, you aren�t required to use a dune flag while driving off road. The one exception is on public lands containing sand dunes. The Bureau of Land Management requires banners be solid red or orange in color, at least six inches by 12 inches, and placed such that at least part of the banner is within 10 inches of the top of the whip.

BLM a considers a whip to be any pole, rod or antenna mounted on the vehicle that extends at least eight feet from the surface of the ground. It must stand upright when the vehicle is stationary.

Higher quality dune flags and banners (with a pole) usually run about $12 to $15. They can be purchased at any ATV shop, and in most stores and gas stations near off-road areas. As mentioned above, you can use an antenna or most any other whip-like object. You don�t need to buy the unit. Just adhere to BLM�s rules if you�re driving in dunes.

One thing you�ll notice is that the flag or banner doesn�t last long if you use it frequently. Wind, rain, dust and the sun take their toll. My flags tend to fray and fade after about one year. The rod or whip might snap on you, especially if you drive a lot in brushy or wooded areas.

How to attach a flag

Because there are so many different styles of vehicles, it would be difficult for the manufacturers of dune flags to design a universal mounting bracket. Instead, the rod or pole comes embedded in a �-inch bolt. You need to drill a hole for the bolt; a bumper or other sturdy surface might work. If you use your flag frequently a quick disconnect is handy. You can purchase flags with a quick disconnect or you can build one from an air fitting.

Some Jeep owners tuck the pole against the inside hinge of the tailgate. Closing the tailgate keeps the pole upright and secure. You may need to tinker with your dune flag pole, but you should be able to come up with some way to secure it.

Flags serve a very important safety function in four wheeling. They also allow drivers to express themselves a bit. I encourage you to attach a flag to your vehicle and to use it frequently off-road.

Did you miss the previous articles?

January / Early February Schedule

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January 05 Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Course

January 06 Basic to Advanced Winching Clinic - Mojave, CA

January 12 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

January 13 Advanced Beginner Clinic - Mojave CA

January 19 Bradshaw Trail

January 26 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

January 27 Sand & Dunes Driving Clinic - San Diego area

February 02 Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic

February 10 Rock Driving Clinic

Tread Trainer Clinic January 5, 2013

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The Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic is Jan 5, 2013. You are encouraged to sign up for the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

You can find out more details on line at http://www.4x4training.com/TrainingClinics/Tread.html .

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Tread.

Winch Clinic January 06, 2013

This one day clinic starts with the basics. If you are considering installing a powered winch on your vehicle, or have one already but need training to learn how to get the best from it and do it safely, you need to take this class. The one day course covers: safety related issues, basic operation of the winch, simple and complex riggings, stuck assessment, winch capability, and minimizing environmental impact. This is a hands on class. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

Bradshaw Trail in January

This is a weekend of wheeling across the historical Bradshaw Trail from near the Salton Sea to the Colorado River. This is nice easy expedition type run with a few mild 4WD challenges. And a good family type trip. It is a 2 day trip with dry camping required one night. The winter months are the best time to enjoy the California desert! The sky is blue, the temperature is perfect and the wonderful smell of the Creosote bush in bloom is everywhere. Join us for a weekend, in the lower desert in the far corner on California.

Sign up at: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/BradshawTrail.html

Sand Clinic: San Diego Area January 27, 2013

This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of the area and the thrill of the windswept dunes.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#SandBorrego

Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic February 02, 2013

This 3 hour clinic will provide you with the knowledge and skills to repair the most common tire problems and to use a Hi-lift jack safely to aid you in the process. To drive confidently off-road learn how to:

Fix a bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

You can find out more details on line at Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic:.

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TireRepair.

Rocks Clinic February 10

The Class will be in Johnson Valley. This is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take out time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

Easter Safari Moab, UT March 25, 2013

If you are thinking of attending Easter Safari next year (2013), it would be a good idea to book a room now and put your vacation request in. The motels are starting to fill up. Easter Safari starts March 23, 2013 and runs thru Easter March 31, 2013. Our plan is only to participate for Monday thru Friday (25-29). If you have the same idea, you need a room for 6 nights � arrive Sunday March 24 and depart the morning of March 30th.

Expect the rates to be higher for Easter Safari. There are lots of hotels in Moab.

The Moab Information Center can help will lists of motels, condos, campsites, RV Parks, etc. http://www.discovermoab.com/visitorcenter.htm 800-635-6622

This link is a complete list of motels. http://www.discovermoab.com/hotels.htm

If you want to join Badlands Off-Road Adventures, this link will take you to our plan and program. http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

Winch Recovery Bandana

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

A Primer on Winching, Part 2

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-11-15

A Primer on Winching, Part 2

A winching operation is serious business and should be treated as such. Take your time to think it through before proceeding.
(click picture for higher resolution)

Following up on last month�s article, A Primer on Winching, Part 1 , we�ll delve deeper into the winching process. As with the previous column, this information comes from my exclusive Winch Recovery Bandana, which you can purchase from the Badlands Off-Road Adventures web site.

Winch kit

All successful winching starts with a good winch kit. That kit should include a pair of sturdy, loose fitting leather gloves, a tree strap 15 to 16 feet long, a heavy blanket, four to six D-rings, and a piece of 70 grade 3/8� chain (10 feet is long enough). Let�s look at each component.

Sturdy leather gloves are mandatory. Steel winch line develops small broken wires that will tear into your hands. Loose fitting gloves allow you to pull your hand out if the gloves become caught in the winch or line. A tree strap that is at least 15 feet long will be long enough to go around larger trees. This is done to protect the tree. A chain or cable will cut into the bark, mortally wounding the tree. Also, cable that�s wrapped around a tree and hooked back on itself develops a kink, which weakens the cable. The blanket is used as a �parachute� and placed over the winch line during winching to dampen recoil should the winch line break.

The chain, by the way, needs to be sturdy. Chain strength is given in grades; the higher the number, the stronger the chain. The Working Load limit (WLL) of the chain needs to be in the same range as the rest of your gear. Using higher grade chain (like grade 70) allows appropriate strength in a smaller link size which is easier to store and manage. Chain found at hardware stores is typically around a 43 grade. You will need quite a large link size at that grade. Go with 70 grade (or higher if you can afford it). Higher grade chains have each link welded for extra strength. Finally, having four to six D-rings puts more options at your disposal, especially for complicated winching.

What is working load limit?

I want to stress one thing: Never use equipment whose rating � either working load limit (WLL) or breaking limit � you don�t know. If that information is not on the item, do not use the part. You could put yourself and everyone else in danger.

Working load limit, previously called safe working limit, is just what it means: the maximum stress that the item is designed to handle while in use. For safety reasons, the WLL of winching components is about one-fifth of the item�s breaking strength. Let�s look at some examples. The WLL for grade 70 3/8� chain is 6,600 lbs. D-rings should have a minimum of 3/4� pin. That size has a WLL of 9,500 lbs. You can find the WLL for other sizes of parts on my winching bandana.

After purchasing the parts, if the WLL is only indicated on the package it comes in, make sure you transfer the WLL onto the part permanently. A permanent marker (magic marker or Sharpie) works great on tree straps, whose packaging you pitch after opening. For pulleys and D-rings, carve the information with an engraving pen into the metal. Original sticky labels and markings tend to wear off over time.

Also, never use a recovery strap for winching. Recovery straps are designed to stretch. That stretching builds energy, which is used to snatch a stuck vehicle free. A jerking action while winching is dangerous because of all the metal parts used. A recovery strap adds additional recoil to the winch rigging which is not desirable. If that strap were to break, you�d have a bunch of steel missiles flying around. (For more information on risks of using a recovery strap, see �Don�t Lose Your Head While Recovering a Vehicle.� ) For winching, we want a nice, steady pull.

Winching starts with a vehicle recovery plan

A winching operation is serious business and should be treated as such. Take your time to think it through before proceeding. The following steps are outlined under the Vehicle Recovery Plan section of the bandana.

Make sure everyone in the affected vehicle is safe, especially if the vehicle rolled over. Be prepared to provide first aid, but also make sure the vehicle itself is stable. If not, you may need to attach straps or cables first. Also, look for any hazards that could endanger the recovery crew.

Be careful if the vehicle is perched on its side. You don�t want it dropping on top of you while you�re attaching the cable.

A vehicle recovery plan is essential. Gather everyone together. Get their input, and determine the best course of action. Don�t let anyone start rigging up until you�ve decided what to do. If need be, appoint a leader. Have someone (that could be you) take charge of the situation. The winching should be done in an orderly manner.

Inspect the vehicle. Are there any broken of dangling parts that could affect the recovery? What about leaking liquids? Do something to capture those until you can devote time to the environmental issues and clean up.

Determine your exit path, and get a lay of the land. See if there are any obstacles you�ll need to overcome. What is the best direction to go? It�s always easier to go downhill, but you may find that pulling a few feet up and over a hill or obstacle makes more sense.

If the vehicle is on a slope, set the emergency brake. You don�t want the vehicle rolling downhill once it�s freed up.

Plan the rigging. Estimate your stuck load, and calculate whether you have the capability to handle the load. (See the sidebar for more information.) Pulleys add friction, so remember to add 10% to the load for each pulley used.

But pulleys also aid in pulling. A full discussion is beyond the scope of this article. Just remember that when you use one "moving" pulley, the winch �sees� only one-half of the total load. (Only one-third, if two "moving" pulleys are used.) The total load may be 10,000 lbs. but the winch needs to pull only 5,500 lbs. (10,000 plus 10% for the pulley divided by 2).

Last step

Set up the rigging and double check it. Take up the slack and re-inspect for correct assembly. Proceed with the recovery.

This may seem like a lot of steps�especially when you�re following off the bandana�but after doing a couple, it�s easy to pick up the fundamentals of winching. For additional, hands-on training, sign up for one of my winching courses.

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A number of variables go into estimating the stuck load:

Stuck Factors are:

Weight of the vehicle and its contents (aka Gross Vehicle Weight �GVW)
Type of material it�s stuck in and how deep
Slope to be pulled up or down

Ground Conditions Resistance

For only shallowly stuck (i.e. no traction) here are the numbers for various types of ground. Don�t try to memorize them all. Assume 70% for mud and 35% for any other type of ground. Those numbers will get you close enough in your calculations in the field.

Pavement/ Hard Surface 2-4%
Grass 8-14%
Wet sand 15-20%
Gravel 10-20%
Soft, Dry sand 25-35%
Light, shallow mud 30-35%
Heavy, deep mud 40-60%
Deep Clay Mud 50-70%

Depth Resistance

(Overrides ground condition � use this instead of the shallowly stuck numbers above.)

Up to axles 100% of GVW
Top of the tires 200% of GVW
Hood / Body 300% of GVW

Slope Resistance

(Gravity has to be taken into account. It adds to the load for uphill pull)
Slope in degrees divided by 60 times the vehicle�s weight up to a 60-degree slope. For a more severe angle, use 100% of vehicle weight.

Let�s say the vehicle is on a 30-degree slope: 30 degrees / 60 = 50% x 5,000 GVW = 2,500 lbs.

Finally Calculation

Add ground conditions resistance (or depth resistance) to slope resistance for load estimate.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

Media Release

Winch Recovery Bandana

Click for higher resolution image

Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc. just released their "Winching Recovery Bandana".

According to Tom Severin, President of Badlands Off-Road Adventures, "the Bandana is a fantastic supplement to the Badlands Off-Road Adventure "Basic to Advanced Winching and Recovery DVD". The Bandana is packed full of useful information and is a quick reference in the field when no DVD player is available."

A winch is a useful off-road tool that can quickly become dangerous and potentially lethal to the operator and spectators. Proper use requires good working knowledge of safety procedures, safe riggings and inspection. Since winches are not used often, the Bandana serves as a quick reminder of the details learned in the training class and watching the DVD.

The Bandana layout follows the �Vehicle Recovery Plan� with pathways to more detail. A unique section of the Bandana, gives the steps for a �Winch Rigging Check: Walk through� so that you verify every element of the rigging before you commit to the pull. Stuff this in your recovery kit and you will always be ready!

Badlands Off-Road Adventures will be stocking their Dealers soon. Additional colors will be available in the near future. The Bandana can be ordered at 4x4training.com - Winch Recovery Bandana" Pick up or order the Winching DVD too! There is no substitute for hands on training. If you can, sign up for one of Badlands Off-Road Adventure�s Winching Clinics.

Warning � the Bandana and DVD are not a substitute for proper training and use of quality equipment that is used within the bounds of their safe working load. We advise you to use the information provided in both the Winching Recovery Bandana and the "Basic to Advanced Winching and Recovery DVD" at your own risk. We cannot control the quality and specifications of the equipment used and the methods actually employed.

Winch Recovery Bandana Order Button

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Toys for Tots December 8th & 9th, 2012

It's time again for the 6th annual Toys for Tots is at its new location in Hungry Valley State Vehicle Recreation Area, Gorman CA Located just north of Los Angeles. http://ohv.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1192

The entire Aliklik Campground right next to the 4x4 Practice Course has been reserved for the event. The campground is near trails for exploration and serves as the gateway to the Los Padres NF.

Bring a new unwrapped toy valued at $10 or more to the meet up. You get a raffle ticket for your contribution. PLEASE NOTE: For every 5th toy you donate you will receive an additional raffle ticket. Check out everyone's rigs, meet new people and see some you already know. Food will be providing lunch on site. Hotdogs, chips and sodas.

SCHEDULE

On Saturday check in starts at 9am. We'll start grilling around NOON and start the raffle about 2pm. The rest of the time, you can drop off toys (if after the raffle, you won't get a chance to win anything), meander around and ogle the rigs and meet fellow off road enthusiasts from all over the www. On Sunday, for those who've camped there may be a trail run up to Alamo Mountain. More information on this as it becomes available. The trail run will be a scenic and simple route. Nothing hardcore.

For more information check out the facebook page:

https://www.facebook.com/events/454528764598755/?fref=ts

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November/ December Schedule

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November 24-25 T&T Rail Road Adventure

December 01 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area

December 02 Advanced Beginner Clinic - Mojave CA

December 08 Getting Started Off-Road Driving - San Diego area

December 09 Basic to Advanced Winching Clinic - San Diego area

December 15 Starting Rock Crawling Clinic

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T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

Our goal is to cross through Johnson Valley, enjoying what it has to offer, and making our way North along the old Tonopah & Tidewater (T&T) Rail Road bed to the Rasor OHV, Afton Canyon and the western edge of the Mojave Preserve. On the way we will skirt the Rodman Mountain Wilderness and cross I-40. This adventure is 2 days of scenic, historical, light wheeling and a night ( 2 if you prefer) of primitive camping under the stars. We can plan a Dutch Oven pot luck for our evening meal.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/TTRailroad.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TTRailroad

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - LA December 01, 2012

The clinic is held in Hungry Valley State Vehicle Recreation Area near Gorman CA. This clinic is specifically designed to meet the needs of novice off-highway drivers or someone with a bit of experience who is looking for a more complete understanding. This is a one-day session. The session includes classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction. More Details...

You can register directly here

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Advanced Beginner Clinic December 02

There is no Advanced Beginner Clinic scheduled in November. Your next shot at it is December 2nd in Mojave, CA. Next year, we have scheduled a few Advanced Beginner clinics for Borrego Springs.
The clinic is held in the El Paso Mountains near Mojave CA. The goal is to help you get a "better feel" for tire placement and to visualize the obstacles as they move into your blind zone. You will gain more behind the wheel experience combined with picking lines. The difficulty level is one step higher than the basic class and you can expect some pin striping. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Basic2

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - San Diego December 08, 2012

This will be the second class since we announced the additional sessions in Borrego Springs, CA which is about 90 miles east of San Diego.
You will receive the same instruction as the Getting Started Classes we have been holding in hungry Valley. This is a one-day session. The session includes classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction. More Details...

You can register directly here

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Winch Clinic - San Diego Area December 09, 2012

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Rocks Clinic December 15

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Easter Safari Moab, UT March 25, 2013

If you are thinking of attending Easter Safari next year (2013), it would be a good idea to book a room now and put your vacation request in. The motels are starting to fill up. Easter Safari starts March 23, 2013 and runs thru Easter March 31, 2013. Our plan is only to participate for Monday thru Friday (25-29). If you have the same idea, you need a room for 6 nights � arrive Sunday March 24 and depart the morning of March 30th.

Expect the rates to be higher for Easter Safari. You can try the Big Horn 435-259-6171 ($109 & $129 ). Motel 6 does not start booking until about January. They haven�t set the rate but it will be $129- $139 (435-259-6686). There are lots of hotels in Moab. These are just a few of the cheaper ones.

The Moab Information Center can help will lists of motels, condos, campsites, RV Parks, etc. http://www.discovermoab.com/visitorcenter.htm 800-635-6622

This link of theirs is a complete list of motels. http://www.discovermoab.com/hotels.htm

If you want to join Badlands Off-Road Adventures, this link will take you to our plan and program. http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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A Primer on Winching, Part 1

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-10-18

A Primer on Winching, Part 1

Rigging a "floating" pulley. 2nd parachute will be added next.

If you spend any significant amount of time in difficult terrain, you�re bound to encounter a recovery situation at some point. It could be either your vehicle or someone else�s. And a winch may be the proper tool at that time. This is a good time to review recovery, and winching in particular.

The steps that follow are taken from my nifty and exclusive Winch Recovery Bandana. Keep in mind that these tips and the information provided on the bandana are not a substitute for proper training, sound judgment and quality equipment.

Every winching operation should start with a plan in your mind as to how you�ll rig it up. Winching is a risky procedure; proceed very slowly and methodically. You�re dealing with material and parts that are subject to a tremendous amount of force. A mistake can be fatal, as I pointed out in �Don�t Lose Your Head While Recovering a Vehicle.� Take your time.

Winching begins with a walkthrough. You want to inspect all parts and lines while the system is under light tension. If everything looks good, you can power up and proceed with the recovery.

The vehicle doing the recovery is kept in neutral with the emergency brake on. Having the transmission in neutral protects the parking pawl. Chock the front wheels if you can. (Some people even anchor this vehicle to a tree or other vehicle.) You do not want that vehicle to move. Start the winch slowly so you take up some of the slack.

Lines that are slack while on ground take on a new dimension when under tension. You need to check them before proceeding with the recovery. The lines may be binding or twisting. They could be rubbing against an edge on the bumper or other body part. In some cases the lines end up right over a taillight. Under load those lines will smash the cover and bulb.

Check all connections. Start at one end of the line and work your way through. Are any connections about to be pulled through the pulley? Adjust as needed.

Keep the engine running, or its battery will be drained dry. Even though the emergency brake is on, someone should be in the recovery vehicle applying pressure to the brakes. Now review the winch cable as it is leaving the winch. Does it leave at greater than a 15 degree angle? If so, it will start to pile up on one side of the drum, causing the cable to snag and possibly break that side of the winch. If you see the cable starting to pile up, stop winching. Disconnect the cable, pull it out manually, and wind it up neatly. Always start with your cable properly wound on the drum. Then, consider moving the recovery vehicle or pulley to decrease the angle of pull.

When you winch at greater than a 15 degree angle, there�s a greater chance of the cable rubbing or getting caught on the bumper of the recovery vehicle. There may be times when you have no choice but to winch at a severe angle. Just watch the cable closely.

As you�re paying out the cable, remember the Rule of 5: Keep at least five turns of cable on the drum at all times (eight turns for synthetic cable, because it�s slippery). If you don�t keep a minimum amount, the tremendous force of recovery will pull the rest of the cable right off the drum.

If you have a large blanket, toss it over the pulley. (See image. ) Called a parachute by 4-wheelers, this blanket will absorb some of the energy should the cable snap.

Keep an eye on the parachute during winching. It has a tendency to ride up the cable. You don�t need that jamming into the pulley or winch. Stop the winching if necessary to move the blanket.

Position spotters to watch the lines and pulley. (They should off to the sides of the vehicles. No one should be in the path of the lines.) Winch slowly, and pay particular attention to portions of cables nearest the vehicles. You�re watching for any binding, rubbing and twisting. Make sure, also, that the vehicle being recovered is behaving properly. You may need to stop the winching and adjust the whole arrangement.

As I mentioned at the beginning, this is just part of the entire winching process. Next month we�ll review the corresponding steps, which take more of a strategic view.

Until then, good winching!

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Did you miss the previous articles?

Media Release

Winch Recovery Bandana

Click for higher resolution image

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America's Hidden Treasures (AHT)

You have heard me talk about America's Hidden Treasures in prior e-Zines. It has been a passion of Ben Benedetti for a long time to make a series of videos of beautiful and remote areas where you need a 4-wheel drive to get in and out. I first met Ben in 2007 when he sought me out to help him with a pilot video. Since then we have become great friends. I have committed to Ben to do whatever I can to help him make a second full length version to fill full his dream. Ben has just launched a community funded venture for the second video. Take a look at this link to Kickstarter.

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1590847859/americas-hidden-treasures-remote-wildreness-advent

If Ben is funded I will be donating my time during the filming of the video. The video will center on a young couple as the "guest adventurers" driving their 4WD vehicle as there discover a remote, beautiful area to explore and camp. If you would like to be interviewed for the role of guest adventurer, let me know. I have a direct line to the producer and can at least get your head shot and resume in front of him.
And BTW, since I am guiding the trip, there may be a slot for one or two vehicles to tag along. We don't know the secret location yet and nothing can happen until it is funded. So don't ask!

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4WDrive -Canada's premier offroad magazine

If, like me, you already subscribe to all the 4 Wheel Drive Magazine in the USA, you might be interested in a subscription to 4WDrive Magazine from Canada. There is a lot going on in Canada and the article are interesting. They cover mostly Canadian event. Like the event when I lived in Canada, where I almost won a Warn winch. If I had only replaced my tie rod ends. But that is a story for another day.
You just might find yourself heading to a Canadian event after reading this magazine!

http://www.can4x4.com/

or Send an email to: subscriptions@can4x4.com

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Toys for Tots December 8th & 9th, 2012

SCHEDULE

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November Schedule

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Sand & Dunes Clinic - Pismo November 03.

Getting Started Off-Road Driving - LA area November 10

Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic November 11.

T&T Rail Road Adventure November 24-25

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - San Diego October 27, 2012

This will be the second class since we announced the additional sessions in Borrego Springs, CA which is about 90 miles east of San Diego.
You will receive the same instruction as the Getting Started Classes we have been holding in hngry Valley. This is a one-day session. The session includes classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction. More Details...

You can register directly here

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Sand Clinic November 03, 2012

The next Sand Driving Clinic is November 3rd. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#SandPismo

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - LA November 10, 2012

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T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

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Advanced Beginner Clinic December 02

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The TDS Sweepstakes Vehicle

http://TDS4x4.com/jeep/

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Volunteer at the Bickel Camp

Friends of last Chance Canyon are looking for additional volunteers to help by camping at the Bickel Camp.

Bickel Camp is a museum in the desert preserved in context with the help of volunteers and the BLM. Located in Last Chance Canyon below famed Burro Schmidt's Tunnel, Bickel Camp is mostly intact because of the help from volunteers. Friends of last Chance Canyon (http://www.tflcc.org) is a non-profit formed to help preserve Bickel Camp and other cabins and artifacts within last Chance Canyon.

Want to spend a week or a weekend in the desert? They are always looking for volunteers to help by camping on site (with or without docent responsibilities). It's fun! And you'll be helping to preserve our California Mining History. There is a motor home on site, a porta-potty and support from volunteers with water and other supplies. Contact Charlie Hattendorf through the website above so you can be scheduled in!

For more information about the Bickel Camp check out Bill Gann's web site. http://www.zyworld.com/billgann/BickelCamphome.htm

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Set Your Tent Up Right

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-09-12

Set Your Tent Up Right

What a view!

Camping is one of our favorite pastimes. It�s tough to beat a few days or a week in a natural setting away from all the hassles of everyday life. Many people understand that.

A 2011 study released by The Outdoor Foundation reported that almost 40 million Americans participated in some form of camping in 2010. That equates to more than 14 percent of Americans over age six. Are you part of the 14 percent? I hope so.

While some people are turned off by the rustic nature of camping and others view setting up camp as too much work. It is not, and doesn�t need to be. Once you�ve established a pattern for camping (which includes packing your vehicle), preparing for and setting up camp is actually quite enjoyable. It�s a pastime the entire family can enjoy.

In an earlier column, I offer a number of suggestions on how and what to pack.

Here I�d like to focus on setting up camp and maintaining your campsite. There are a number of factors to consider. But first I�d like to remind you of a basic tenet of camping:

The best campsites are found, not built.

By this we mean you should look for a site that�s already been used for camping. Minimize your impact on the land. Don�t tramp down pristine land if you don�t have to.

How to set up camp

The steps involved in setting up camp can be broken down into two broad categories, Safety and Logistics.

Safety:

Avoid setting up camp next to hazards like dead (or dying) trees, power lines, critter holes, loose rock and those areas prone to flash flooding.

If the entire area is a flood plane, pick a spot that has good drainage. You don�t want water pooling around your tent.

Speaking of water, camping ethics recommend that you not set up camp within 200 yards of streams or ponds. This is so you don�t disturb wild game that uses those sources of water.

Also, avoid setting up next to plants and bushes that could cause a problem. Some of these include poison ivy (and related plants) and cacti. While more of a nuisance, these plants can still ruin a day or weekend.

Logistics:

Assuming the area is free of obvious hazards, here are some additional suggestions to consider.

Inspect the ground for pebbles, sticks and other sharp objects. You may need to rake or otherwise clear a patch of ground for your tent. If you�re camping on an incline, position your tent so your head will be uphill. That is generally the most comfortable position.

Rarely do you find flat, smooth ground outside established parks and campgrounds. You get to your camping area and find one section that�s bumpy or grooved. Another spot is smooth but at an angle. Which do you choose?

Most people select the bumpy ground because they prefer being on the level. They know their air mattress or other padding will provide a comfortable sleep. Assuming drainage isn�t a factor, this type of decision is more based upon personal preference. Give it some thought when you face this scenario for the first time.

If you�re camping near the bottom of a large hill, walk around to get a feel for the run-off pattern(s). Even light rains can generate small streams for a brief time.

Setting up camp next to a large boulder may seem like a good idea � it creates a natural wind break � but inspect the area above the boulder. Do you see loose rocks? Those could come tumbling down on your head during a storm. Wind whipping around the boulder sometimes causes howling or whistling noises. If you�re a light sleeper, you may consider placing your tent somewhere else.

Trees and shrubs provide some protection from the elements, including a beating sun. Inspect for dead limbs, beehives and critter nests or dens.

Position your tent with the prevailing winds in mind. For rectangular tents, position the narrow side to the wind. If yours is tapered, the tapered side should face the wind. You�re trying to minimize the wind load and therefore overall effect of any winds. Some people prefer to have the door face a non-windy direction.

As for the front door, I like to have it facing the east. I get to view a nice sunrise to start the day, and it seems to warm the tent faster.

After you�ve experienced it, I�m sure you�ll agree that camping out is really quite enjoyable. A few days away with Mother Nature does wonders for the soul and body. When and where are you going to set up camp?

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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September & October Schedule

Getting Started off-Road Driving Clinics the first one in the San Diego area is September 22.

Customer Appreciation Event is September 30.

Death Valley NP Expedition is October 12-15.

OAUSA Borrego Fest & Amateur Radio Testing is October 19 - 21

Getting Started Driving Off-Road Clinic : LA Area is October 6.

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Free Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
September 30

Don't forget to join us in Hungry Valley SVRA on Sunday September 30th for the FREE customer appreciation event. We have teamed up with 5 of the local 4 Wheel Parts Stores (they are bringing raffle prizes and food). More details are posted on the web site. www.4x4training.com/Adventures/CustAppr.html

You are all invited! Everyone must register so we have enough food on hand - This is big! www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Cust

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - San Diego September 22, 2012

Redondo Beach, CA � Badlands Off-Road Adventures today is launching an additional training location for their �Getting Started Driving Off-Road Clinics�.

Tom Severin, President of Badlands Off-Road Adventures, announced that Badlands Off-Road Adventures will begin conducting monthly clinics in the San Diego Area starting in September 2012.

The Getting Started Driving Off-Road clinic is specifically designed to meet the needs of novice off-highway drivers or someone with a bit of experience who is looking for a more complete understanding. The class covers basic information about 4WD vehicles. The class concentrates on safety and environmental concerns off-road. The bulk of the class is devoted to driving technique and picking lines to get you through a variety of terrain. Students receive a textbook and handouts of the material covered. Some of the topics covered in the class: Off Road Vehicles, How 4WD Works, Driving Technique, Safety, Pre Run Check, Survival & Peace of Mind Kits, Options & Accessories, Getting Unstuck / Winching, Post Trip maintenance, Trail Etiquette & Tread Lightly. This class does not address vehicle build-up options and issues.

The clinic is held in Borrego Springs, CA about 90 miles east of San Diego. Tom said �Our goal is to make it easier for students in San Diego and surrounding counties to attend a clinic on safe off-road driving.�

This is a one-day session. The session includes classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction. More Details...

You can register directly here

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - LA October 06, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic October 07

The clinic is held in the El Paso Mountains near Mojave CA. The goal is to help you get a "better feel" for tire placement and to visualize the obstacles as they move into your blind zone. You will gain more behind the wheel experience combined with picking lines. The difficulty level is one step higher than the basic class and you can expect some pin striping. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Basic2

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Death Valley October 12-15

This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive past Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with random or no cell service.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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The TDS Sweepstakes Vehicle will be at the Customer Appreciation Event

http://TDS4x4.com/jeep/

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Volunteer at the Bickel Camp

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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12 Must Have Books for the 4 Wheeler

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-08-08

12 Must Have Books for the 4 Wheeler

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Summer is here, and the newspapers have released their lists of favorite books to enjoy while you�re lounging in an easy chair somewhere. Reading isn�t just for fun, though. It can be educational, as well.

Over the decades I�ve amassed quite a collection of books devoted to 4 wheeling and other outdoor activities. Some of these are real gems. If you are serious about spending time outdoors, you owe it to yourself to begin building a library of reference materials. With perhaps hundreds of titles to choose from, the task can be challenging. Allow me to help you with this assignment.

The following list covers many aspects of outdoor activity, broken down by skill set. With these books you tap into the knowledge and experience of some of the top names in outdoor recreation.

True, there are a lot of books here. But unlike your typical novel, you will keep these for years and refer to them often. You don�t need to buy all of them at once. If finances are tight, pick up one or two at a time. And hunt for bargains on eBay, Amazon, or at your local used-book store (when possible).

Happy reading and happy trails.

Driving: 4-Wheeler�s Bible by Jim Allen

Mechanical: Get the shop manual for your vehicle. Normally you need to contact a dealer for this, but check eBay. They are a bit pricey; expect to pay up to $125.00. The shop manual is more detailed than a Chilton�s book, because it is tailored to your make and model.

Navigation: Staying Found: The Complete Map And Compass Handbook by June Fleming.

Trail guides: You have several to choose from. Select the book that best describes the area(s) you will be visiting. This valuable resource helps you find trails in your area. Some of the passages have a little history about the trails, to make for interesting reading.

Camping: The Complete Walker IV by Colin Fletcher and Chip Rawlins.
Another great reference book is the Boy Scouts� Field Book. I prefer the 3rd edition.

Cooking: A camping trip isn�t the same without some great Dutch Oven cooking. The Field Guide of Dutch Oven Cooking: From Novice to Champion by the International Dutch Oven Society will turn you into a Dutch Oven pro. Or at least give you some bragging rights.

Knot tying: A must-have skill for outdoor life. The Ashley Book of Knots by Clifford Ashley is considered the definitive book on knots. It�s huge, but you won�t find a better reference guide.

Survival. Another important skill, especially if you like to head out to remote areas. Tom Brown�s Field Guide to Wilderness Survival just may save your life if you�re stuck in a difficult situation.

First aid: Medicine for the Outdoors: The Essential Guide to Emergency Medical Procedures and First Aid by Paul S. Auerbach, MD. Covers everything from basic injuries to life-threatening situations. Professional help could be hours away. This book will help you make sound decisions.

Communication: This is a more limited category. Ham radio operators will find a copy of ARRL�s Repeater Directory useful. Repeater info can change, so make sure the directory is not more than three years old. Non-hams should make sure they have a list of emergency and non-emergency numbers on them before they leave home.

Leadership: This may sound strange, but leadership skills are important off road. That is especially true during crisis situations, but routine driving requires good management skills, as well. Pick up a copy of Outdoor Leadership Theory and Practice (Bruce Martin and others).

Plant identification: It can be fun identifying the various plants. I have a copy of An Amateur Botanist�s Identification Manual For the Shrubs and Trees of Southern California Deserts by Jim W. Dole and Betty B. Rose. This book is very specific, but an Internet search will provide you an assortment of field guides for your area.

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Rats. I know I promised only 12 books. Problem is, there are other great books to consider. These include:

Knots for Climbers by Craig Luebbens

Wilderness Navigation by Bob Burns and Mike Burns

Be Expert with Map & Compass: The Complete Orienteering Handbook by Bjorn Kjellstrom

The Field Guide of Wilderness & Rescue Medicine by Jim Morrissey, WEMT with David Johnson, MD. This is small enough to carry with you.

Camping & Woodcraft by Horace Kephart. Written in 1917, it may be hard to find. Offers interesting information on how things were done at the turn of the century.

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Steven R. Covey

Fundamentals of Search & Rescue from the National Association for Search & Rescue

Ghosts of the Glory Trail by Neill Murbarger. Intimate glimpses into 275 ghost towns in Nevada, California and Utah.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Recent Calendar Changes & Upcoming Events

The Customer Appreciation Event is September 30, 2012.

Look for a schedule of Getting Started off-Road Driving Clinics in the San Diego area starting in September this year. More details below.

Begin planning now to attend the 4 day Death Valley trip October 12-15.

Check out the TDS raffle Jeep flyer.

See volunteer opportunities at Bickel Open air Museum below.

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - LA September 08, 2012

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic - San Diego September 22, 2012

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TDS Sweepstakes Vehicle

http://TDS4x4.com/jeep/

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Volunteer at the Bickel Camp

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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6 Reasons Why Your Spouse Should Learn to Drive Off Road

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-07-08

6 Reasons Why Your Spouse

Should Learn to Drive Off Road

Four wheeling is often viewed as a man�s world. For the most part it is. Women are increasingly joining our hobby, however. Some of these women are single, but others are introduced to the hobby by a husband or friend.

In either case, it�s always best for her to take an off-road driving course. And if you haven�t taken a course, I encourage you to join her. It can be a fun and rewarding experience for you both.

Here are some good reasons to consider enrolling your better half in a 4WD training course.

She can be a back-up driver: If something happens to you, your wife could drive out. Chances are, the training course will teach her how to overcome most of the challenges she�ll face on trails. Even if you�re out cold, she should be able to drive you out or at least get you to an extraction point.

Building confidence: Learning to drive off-road entails mastering new skills. It involves unusual terrain, special driving techniques, and different equipment, like standard transmissions. Experiencing all these while under the watchful guidance of a trained instructor builds confidence.

Better all-around driver: Off-road skills are put to use in the city during bad weather, such as a snowstorm or heavy rain. In the aftermath of an earthquake or tornado, there could be sinkholes or debris in the roadway. Drivers need to negotiate around those obstacles. That�s standard procedure in four wheeling. Someone who has taken a 4WD course is better able to handle these difficult and stressful situations.

Additional spotter: The best spotters are also good drivers. Having gone through a 4WD course, your wife will be able to read the trail as well as you, providing you a valuable second set of eyes.
One catch, guys: If your wife starts to enjoy off-road driving, you may end up the spotter. But that�s OK, right? On the other hand, your wife may still just want to sit and enjoy the ride. Encourage her to get behind the wheel on occasion to keep her skills sharp.

Wait - one more catch: You may end up buying another 4 wheel drive vehicle just for her!

An extra driver to spell you: Driving off-road, as you know, is very demanding. Fatigue can set in after just a few hours. It�s a comforting to know that a skilled driver can take over if needed.

Companionship on the trails: Fishing buddies are great, but you can�t beat having your spouse along. You experience the adventure together, share great memories, and really bond while outdoors.

You both now share a new common interest, which can open a world of possibilities for you. Sitting around the house one day wondering what to do? Go off road!

Four wheel driving is more than just learning how to drive the trails. It�s also about enjoying the great outdoors with family. Enrolling your spouse in a 4WD training course builds her skills and confidence, and helps her better enjoy your outdoor adventures together. Sign her up today , and start planning your next off-road adventure.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Recent Calendar Changes & Upcoming Events

We have moved the Customer Appreciation Event to September 30, 2012.

Look for a schedule of Getting Started off-Road Driving Clinics in the San Diego area starting in later this year. More next month.

For July we have scheduled:

Rocks - 2 dates 7-7 & 7-21 so you can get at least one in before the Rubicon
Sand 7-28
Winch 7-29
Advanced Beginner (aka picking lines) 7-15
Getting Started 7-14

August:

The BIG trip for August is the Rubicon trail trip. It is only about 5 weeks away - August 13. There is still time to sign up and get in a rock clinic too. Details on the Rubicon Trip
There will be a Getting Started Clinic and an Advanced Clinic also.

Check out the flyer below on the TDS raffel Jeep
See volunteer opportunities at Bickel Open air Museum below

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course 2012

We just completed the 2012 Wilderness Advanced First Aid clinic. The feedback from the class was outstanding. The class will be offered again June 7 - 10, 2013. Put in for those 2 vacations days (Friday & Monday) now for next year.

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Rocks Clinic July 21 2012

If you are thinking of doing the Rubicon Trail with us in August, you should sign up now for both the Rock Clinic and the Rubicon Trip. We have scheduled a Rock session in July in advance of the Rubicon trip. BTW you can sign up even if you are not going on the Rubicon.

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TDS Sweepstakes Vehicle

http://TDS4x4.com/jeep/

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Volunteer at the Bickel Camp

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Sand Clinic July 28, 2012

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for July 28th and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Winch Clinic July 29, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic July 15

Next month we will run the Advanced beginner again. If you missed it in the past, sign up.

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic July 14, 2012

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Maintain Your Edge

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-06-15

Maintain Your Edge

Outdoorsmen are quite skilled, generally speaking. But one of the less understood skills is how to sharpen knives properly. Most people have a vague idea of the process. Perhaps you�ve even tried using one of those gadgets you buy at the store. Knife sharpening involves certain tools and skills. With those, you can keep your knives in good working order for years.

The cutting edge on a knife may appear smooth, but at a microscopic level it is actually a row of very tiny saw teeth. With repeated use, those saw teeth get out of alignment. (This is true for all knives, whether for hunting, whittling, or preparing food.) The result is a duller blade. The first step is to use a knife sharpening steel.

How to sharpen a knife

Big steel & smaller steel

A steel (not to be confused with a file) has numerous tiny ridges running lengthwise. Swiping a knife blade along the steel produces a straight and smooth edge. That may be all you need during the life of your knife. I�ve heard of knives that are 10 years old and still work great. The owner runs them over a steel before each use, and they hold up fine.

As with grinding, which I�ll get to next, you want to hold the blade at the proper angle on the steel. For hunting knives, that amounts to about a 30 degree angle. (Blade angle plus 10 degrees.) For kitchen knives, hold the knife at about a 20 to 25 degree angle relative to the steel. Swipe about a dozen times, alternating the side of the blade each time.

If you want to understand the impact of using a steel, test your blade on a piece of folded paper before and after using a steel. Beforehand, the blade cuts in a rough and jerky fashion, and often tears the paper�s edge. Afterward, the knife should cut through the paper smoothly. If the steel does not bring the edge back to a useful sharpness, you need to grind the blade. Grinding is also required if the blade has any nicks or dings in it.

Grinding is a precise process, too. Unless you�re an expert, don�t use a power grinder. Those heat up the metal, causing it to lose its temper. Also, avoid using those grinders often found in kitchens. The angle may not be proper, and they tend to just chew up the blade.

LoRay Angle Guide

Proper grinding is done by hand, and involves a knife sharpening guide (sometimes called an angle guide) and sharpening stone. The sharpening guide is important because you have to hold the angle throughout the stroke. That�s almost impossible for most people to do by hand. The number one key to success is to use an angle guide. Without it, you won�t be able to grind at the proper angle, and your efforts will fail.

Edge Pro, Inc. makes two types. Their Apex model is sufficient for most people. (Mine is an older LoRay unit, and may be no longer available. DMT makes a very similar unit.) A quick Internet search will turn up other models to choose from.

For optimum grinding, you�ll need two stones. One is a medium grade (about 180 grit), and the other is finer (320 to 360 grit � about twice as fine as the first stone).

Proper use of a knife sharpening guide

Start with the medium grit stone. Set the angle of the knife sharpening guide to same angle as the blade. For hunting knives, that would be about 20 degrees. Each manufacturer has decided on the optimum angle. Until you have a lot of experience, it is best to maintain the same angle. A simple technique to achieve the same angle is to darken the edge with a Sharpie pen. Then adjust the angle so a very light grind removes the ink completely along the blade angle.

The preferred technique is to sweep the blade back off of the stone. If you have a lot of metal to remove use a circular motion initially, and then switch to pulling the blade off the stone to raise a burr. Do this until you see (or feel) a burr piling up along the entire underside edge. This takes time and patience. Flip the unit over and repeat the process. The second key to success is to grind on the medium stone until you raise a burr all along the opposite edge.

A sharp edge will bite not slip

Now repeat this entire process using the finer stone. This will remove any scratches in the metal left by the first stone. To test the blade, rest it on a pen, as shown in the image. The blade should dig in easily. Then lower the angle of the blade. If it is sharp it will continue to bite and not slip.

Use your steel when you are done grinding to smooth and straighten the edge.

You can use a piece of paper to test for sharpness. Hold an open sheet in one hand, and try to slice the paper. If these steps don�t work, try some more grinding.

For most of us, this process will result in a blade sharpness we are happy with. To go beyond, you need to continue step 2 with increasing finer grit stones (like 1000) and use a leather strop instead of a steel.

Knowing how to sharpen a knife is a skill everyone should master. It comes in handy in the home and out in the woods. The proper knife sharpening tools come at a price, but they last for years and allow you to get more use out of your knives.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Recent Calendar Changes & Upcoming Events

We have moved the Customer Appreciation Event to September 30, 2012 from the previously scheduled June 17th (Father's Day).

For July we have scheduled:

Rocks - 2 dates 7-7 & 7-21
Sand 7-28
Winch 7-29
Advanced Beginner (aka picking lines) 7-15
Getting Started 7-14

The Rubicon trail trip is only about 8 weeks away - August 13. Best to sign up now and start planning. Details on the Rubicon Trip

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 28, 29, 30 & July 1, 2012

The course is a go! You still have time to sign up. So if you have been thinking about taking it, sign up in the next few days.

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Rocks Clinic July 07 and July 21 2012

If you are thinking of doing the Rubicon Trail with us in August, you should sign up now for both the Rock Clinic and the Rubicon Trip. We have scheduled 2 sessions in July in advance of the Rubicon trip. You can sign up for one or both.

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Sand Clinic July 28, 2012

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Winch Clinic July 29, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic July 15

Next month we will run the Advanced beginner again. If you missed it in the past, sign up.

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic July 14, 2012

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Weather to Go

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-05-18

Weather to Go

Saline Valley, CA 12-2010

Veteran four-wheelers and other outdoors enthusiasts know that the weather can change in an instant. This is especially true when traveling into the mountains. You may leave your home in shorts and a t-shirt, but three hours later find yourself in need of a parka, long johns and pack boots.

You can�t fight the weather, but you can manage it � that is, account for it � through proper planning. Sadly, too many outdoors enthusiasts rely solely on the forecast from the TV station. Those don�t provide the detailed information you need for your trip. That�s what we�ll cover here. You need to dig deeper to find comprehensive and useful weather forecasts.

Finding accurate weather forecasts for your destination

The problem with most offline and online weather forecasting is that it is limited to cities and other population centers. Let�s say you want to know what the forecast will be at your campsite near Needles, Calif. You haven�t decided whether to leave in a few days or wait a month two. Either way, you�d like some forecast data. What do you do?

Like many people, I start with www.weather.com (from the menu on top select Weather; and then local; enter a city) Once your city�s weather comes up, you can click Weekend or 10 Day for a current trip. (I like to save the 10 Day link in my favorites file folder along with several other cities that might be representative of the weather along the route.)

Image 1

But what we are really after is long range intelligence using historical data. Click �Monthly� along the left side. The chart on the next page provides forecasted highs and lows for the current 10 days, along with historical data for the remainder of the month. Clicking on the �Averages� button brings up a graphic representation of the highs and lows for that area for the entire year. See Image 1. (The �Averages� button is on the right hand end of a little menu at the bottom of the month data. You may have to search a bit for it). In the case of Needles, we may decide to hold off our trip until fall. If you want historical averages for future months, select �Daily Averages� from the drop down menu just above and left of the annual chart of highs and lows, then select the month you want in the blue banner.

This general information is fine, but I�d like the weather forecasts for my campsite on the Old Mojave Road near Needles. I now turn to www.weather.gov. This is the National Weather Service�s weather forecasting service. The really cool part about this site is that it gives you �Point� weather forecasts; that is, the forecasts for a specific area, that take into consideration the elevation at that location.

At www.weather.gov, click on the �Local� link under Forecasts! Here is where it gets a little challenging. The next page lists the National Weather Service�s offices. You need to know which one is closest to your destination. If you�re not sure, scroll down (way down) to the map. For this example click on Nevada, then zoom in or out to find the nearest city (Bullhead, for this example). Click on that.

Image 2

Here is where you get the point forecasts. See Image 2. The red square represents the target area of the forecast. (See how specific it is?). Scroll down this page to the Additional Forecasts & Information section. Click on �Quick Forecast.� You will see a whole host of information for that area for the coming week.

Now click on another spot on the map. The forecast area moves to that spot. You could scroll the map out and move the forecast to somewhere in Death Valley and scroll back in, if you want rather than stating over with a city close to Death Valley.

Here�s a little trick I learned. While on the Detailed Point Forecast, look up at the address bar (all the way up in your browser). You�ll see that lat and lon figures are given. If you know the coordinates for your camping area, type those in the URL. (You need to covert to decimal format, however.) Now you�ll see the temperature forecast for your precise destination. How cool is that?

The down side to the point forecast is you can only get a 7 day forecast. You need to look at it just a few days prior to your trip.

Stay in Touch with the Weather on the Road

Officially known as NWR (for NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards), this nationwide system broadcasts Weather Service alerts, forecasts, and hazards 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

According to their website, NWR employs 1000 transmitters covering all 50 states, adjacent coastal waters, U.S. territories, and other areas. Click here for the transmitters in the state you are interested in. You might find it useful to print out the list of repeaters to take on the trip. NWR uses seven VHF channels for these broadcasts: 162.400, 162.425, 162.450, 162.475, 162.500, 162.525 and 162.550 MHz. Output power varies among the stations. That, along with terrain, affects reception.

Even though NOAA has all those channels to work with, you won�t find all available in a given area. In fact, a remote area may be served by only one transmitter. Program the frequencies used in your area, and let the radio pickup whichever signals it can.

Gear you need for weather and temperature forecasts

A radio that receives National Weather Service weather broadcasts is a must when you�re going off road.

FRS/GMRS and CB radios often come with one or more Weather Service frequencies built in. Ham radio operators can program their VHF rigs accordingly. Due to their external antennas, the CB & ham radios have an advantage in receiving one of the weather stations in remote areas. (Hams note: you need only memorize one frequency � 162.400 - if your radio is not programed. Each of the other stations are only 25 MHz higher.) If there�s a major storm coming through, a Weather Service radio will tip you off.

You can find apps for this service that work on iphones, Droids, and tablets. Those are fine, as long as the area has cell or internet coverage.

Never take the weather for granted. Always get forecasts for the precise area(s) you will be visiting, and pack a radio equipped with NOAA weather channels. Make it a habit to tune in NOAA weather radio every day in the outdoors. That second step, especially, could be a life saver.

�Whether the weather be fine, Whether the weather be not, Whether the weather be cold, Whether the weather be hot, We'll weather the weather, Whatever the weather, Whether we like it or not�

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Recent Calendar Changes

We have moved the Customer Appreciation Event to September 30, 2012 from the previously scheduled June 17th (Father's Day).

A second Tire Repair & High Lift Jack mini clinic has been scheduled for Sunday June 10th.
See details below.

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 28, 29, 30 & July 1, 2012

It is time to sign up. We have a minimum required for the class and only till the end of May to commit the course. So if you have been thinking about taking it, sign up in the next few days.

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Rocks Clinic June 02

If you are thinking of doing the Rubicon Trail with us in August, you should sign up now for both the Rock Clinic and the Rubicon Trip.

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic June 9, 2012

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Newly Scheduled

Tire Repair & Hi-lift Jack Mini Clinic June 10, 2012

Fix a bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

You can find out more details on line at Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic:.

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TireRepair.

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Free (well almost) Annual Membership in Tread Lightly!

Drive Offroad is a huge source of aftermarket parts for 4 wheel drive vehicles that you might never have heard about. Check out their internet site driveoffroad.com and order a free catalog.

When you place an order for $250 or more with Drive Offroad and enter promo code tread-lightly during the checkout process, they will send $25 to Tread Lightly!. You will become a member, if you are not already one. If you are a Tread Lightly! member, your membership will be extended by one year. If you are already a lifetime member, they will donate $25 to Tread Lightly! in your name.
This deal will last throughout 2012.

Here is the link to the page that describes the deal.

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Get Staked for Camping!

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-04-12

Get Staked for Camping!

Though small, tent stakes play a vital role in your campout. Using inferior or insufficient tent stakes can mean a disaster for your outing. Proper staking is generally possible only with long, heavy duty tent stakes.

Many tents today come with thin, wire-like stakes. Those are fine in some situations, but won�t hold in many of the circumstances four wheelers face.

When traveling by car, weight isn�t as much a factor as it is for bikers and backpackers. Replace the original tent stakes with good, sturdy ones. They are larger and heavier, but you�re less likely to have related issues while camping.

You have many options to choose from. An Internet search for �heavy duty tent stakes� brings up numerous retailers and brands. A few worth looking at

ESTY.com
US Cargo Control

We used 2 batteries & jumper cables to weld some of the tabs.

If you�re handy with a welder, you can fashion your own heavy duty tent stakes. My long ones are pieces of 3/8" steel rod 12� long with a tab welded on the end. My short ones are 5/16" recycled 9" nail type stakes that originally came with a green plastic tab. The plastic tab lasted for about 2 trips. These work great in any type of ground, and will last for years. That tab makes it easy to pry up the stakes, too. This is about the size of rod most muffler shops use to fashion muffler hangers. Maybe you can get them to sell you a few lengths. Another advantage of metal stakes - you can always sacrifice one or two to make a vehicle trail repair!

Most any smooth steel rod will work. I don't care for rebar for tent stakes. While they hold like nothing else, the ridges make it very difficult to pull up the stake. A 3/8" round stake will feed through the grommet on most tarps too. They may be slightly too large for the holes in the foot of an easy up - something you should check if you own an easy up.

Home Depot 12" Spike - someday I will weld on tabs.

Visit Home Depot for a quick and inexpensive stake. They sell 3/8" by 10" and 12" galvanized spikes for about 70 cents each. A short tab welded near the top will make them even better. Be sure to grind off the galvanizing where you plan to weld.

Can you get by with plastic tent stakes? Sure. The thicker ones hold well in dirt and are fine for summer camping. Their T shape allows for easy extraction, and the bright yellow color really stands out. If you have them, bring them along as "deep" backup!

When to use long or heavy duty tent stakes

As I mentioned, I highly recommend replacing original tent stakes with heavy duty ones. There are certain conditions which call for long and/or heavy duty stakes. These include:

High winds: Don't depend on the weight of your gear to hold you tent down. A high wind can move you, your gear, and your tent a long way.

Hard ground: Will defeat wimpy stakes.

Soft ground: Particularly if you�re tenting on sand, you�ll need long tent stakes. I recommend at least 12� in length. Carry at least 4 of the 12" stakes for sand and to guy out the tent in very heavy winds.
Frozen ground:

You carry an attachment for your propane. Don't you?

The big issue here is getting the stakes out afterward. The tent stakes may pound in easily enough. But if the ground freezes during your trip, the stake will be difficult to remove. You can use a torch to heat up steel tent stakes, especially heavy duty stakes. The key here is to use a small rope to attach the stake to the loops on the tent. Then you can untie the tent and remove it to avoid setting it on fire. Also, use another stake to dig out some of the dirt underneath, then to pry up on the tent stake.
A couple other conditions to watch for:

Tripping on tent stakes: First, make sure the tent stakes are pounded into the ground. The only thing sticking up should be the part needed to pull up the stake. Paint the tops of your tent stakes a bright color (mine are red). This also makes them easier to find if misplaced in the dirt/ sand.

Use a screwdriver as a make shift stake. So far, no damage to the screwdriver.

Not enough/no stakes (wimpy ones did not work): Screwdrivers work pretty well. I can always come up with an extra 4 or 5 screwdrivers out of my tool box.

Camping on a slick rock slab: You can use rocks! You cannot pound in tent stakes, so you�re forced to use rocks. Make sure you tie the cord around the rock. Don�t just set the rock on the cord. That won�t hold, regardless of how heavy the rock is. Find big rocks you can carry without hurting yourself. Use one each to tie down the tent cord. Place one more between that rock and the tent to keep the anchoring rock in place. (It acts like a door stop.) Use extras to hold down the edges of the tent, the rain fly, and the corners of the tarp.

Removing tent stakes

What goes in must come out, as they say. One common frustration with campers is the difficulty of pulling out tent stakes. You can buy a tent stake puller. I have yet to find one that really seems worth carrying. They are either the size of my Hi-lift Jack (which would work if it was that bad) or they are as wimpy as the stakes they are designed to pull out.

Use another tent stake or similar tool to dig around the tent stake then pry it up. If you have a mini pry bar, try that. Twist the stake; just a quarter turn will often get it to release. Another possibility involves tying a piece of rope or chord around the stake just under the top. Depending on conditions, you might be able to pull up the tent stake. (Though you might have to loosen it first.) You may find it easier to tie the rope in loop, so you can pull up easier with two hands (A 6 foot cord tied in a loop gives the best results because it allows you to stand up and use your legs not your back). Resist the temptation to use the loop or rope sewn into the tent to pull up the stakes. If they break you have no way to set the tent up until they are repaired.

Don�t let your campout blow away � literally � due to poor staking. Buy or make heavy duty tent stakes, and you�ll rest easier.

For related reading, see Use a Checklist For Every Outing, Tom�s Tips for Tranquil Tenting, and Camp Box Tips. # # # #

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Did you miss the previous articles?

2012-03-15 Wick it up, Bud!
2012-02-20Clunk Thunk Clackety Click!
2012-02-08 Build Your Own First Aid Kit
2012-01-02 Make Outdoor Resolutions You Can keep

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Free (well almost) Annual Membership in Tread Lightly!

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Major Events Planned for 2012

Badlands Off-Road adventures, Inc. still has 2 significant events on the schedule for this year. If you wish to participate, you need to start making plans soon. Some events have early due dates, may require significant preparations, have limited positions and require time off from work.

Wilderness Advanced First aid June 28- July 1 (WAFA)

Rubicon Trail a week in August

See details below.

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Wilderness Advanced First Aid Course June 28, 29, 30 & July 1, 2012

It is time to sign up. We have a minimum required for the class.

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Winch Clinic May 12, 2012

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic May 19, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic May 20, 2012

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Wick it up, Bud!

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-03-15

Wick it up, Bud!

One of the many benefits of being an instructor is learning from my students. Usually it�s regarding some cool product. Such was the case in January. During my Tread Trainer class, a student mentioned oil-absorbent sheets. It sounded like a great product, so I stopped by West Marine (www.westmarine.com ) and picked up a few.

Designed for boats, these oil-absorbent sheets soak up engine oil so you can safely pump out the bilge. Turns out the sheets work quite well on dry land, too. A recent experiment proved that.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

2012-02-20Clunk Thunk Clackety Click!
2012-02-08 Build Your Own First Aid Kit
2012-01-02 Make Outdoor Resolutions You Can keep

##########################

Major Events Planned for 2012

Badlands Off-Road adventures, Inc. has a number of significant events on the schedule for this year. If you wish to participate, you need to start making plans soon. Some events have early due dates, may require significant preparations, have limited positions and require time off from work.

Wilderness Advanced First aid June 28- July 1 (WAFA)

Rubicon Trail a week in August

And of course we have March trip on the Mojave Road. This will be the only Mojave Road trip in 2012.
See details below.

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March & April Events

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OAUSA Amateur Radio Testing plus Meet & Greet March 17

OAUSA will hold the annual Meet & Greet on March 17, 2012, at the Ruby's Diner in Redondo Beach California. Ruby's is located right on the beach in Redondo and offers a perfect setting for this get together. There will be a special section for display of outdoor vehicles, a testing session for all levels of Ham Radio Licensing, Ham Radio demonstrations, guest speakers, emergency preparedness information, and great food at Ruby's.

More Details...

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Death Valley March 16 to 19, 2012

This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive past Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with random or no cell service.

Click here to check out the details and sign up on the website:

Or register directly here.

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Mojave Road March 24 - 26

We will follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. Traveling the Mojave Road isn't a picnic but it is a great family style 4-Wheel drive trip / Expedition. It's a 3-day excursion, best made in convoy with other 4-wheelers. The Mojave Road was a main wagon trail for many years between the Beale wagon road in AZ and the West Coast. The terrain is mostly desert; some hills over the various mountain ranges; a dry lake; water crossings; canyons; and areas of soft sand. We will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. The 4 Wheeling is quite mild. More Details

You can register at Mojave Road Registration

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic April 14, 2012

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Clunk Thunk Clackety Click!

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-03-27

Clunk Thunk Clackety Click!

When I have a problem I cannot diagnose, my first call is to Bruce at Bogart Engineering. He has helped me solve many issues by tracking down the sound. I persuaded Bruce to share his knowledge with us.

Bent anti-sway bar linkage

You�re driving home after a great day of off-roading and notice a new noise coming from somewhere in the Jeep. Dayum. Whattheheckisthat?

Well, as off-roaders we are always seeking new challenges. One of those challenges that�s a little unwelcome is the appearance of those new noises. You wonder what�s going to happen. Will the motor quit and leave me stranded? Will it suddenly steer itself off the highway?

So you pull off the road and open the hood. You look inside. Yep, the motor is still there. Good. You look under the vehicle. Nothing hanging down. Now what? You call a friend who�s a good mechanic.

�What does it sound like?� he asks.

You answer as intelligently as possible �Clackety clackety clack�.

He replies �Sounds like the clacker to me. Better have it towed.�

We don�t want this scene, do we? Well, I�m gonna tell you how to identify what�s happening in your vehicle and how to better communicate remotely with your buddy the mechanic.

Yep, the motor is still there.

The Source of a Noise

The source of a noise is identified by a combination of characteristics and a process of elimination: Speed (frequency)-under what circumstances does the speed of the noise increase and decrease?

Does it speed up in direct relation to the road speed of the vehicle? Wheels, brakes, axles, differential, and driveshaft speeds are in direct relation to the speed of the vehicle. The driveshaft spins about four times faster than wheels and axles.

Does it speed up and slow down depending on which gear the transmission is in? The engine (along with the accessories; alternator, water pump, power steering, and air conditioning) and transmission speeds are relative to the gear you�re in.

Does it happen when the vehicle is sitting still with the motor running? If yes, then it can only be in the engine and accessories or transmission input. What happens when you depress the clutch, thus eliminating the transmission input? Further narrow it down by speed relative to the engine rpm. The rotation of the crankshaft and travel of the pistons define the speed of the engine. The valve train (tappets and rocker arms) runs at half the speed of the engine. The accessories vary according to pulley size.

Nature of Sound

Is it a result of impact? �Tapping� or �Banging� would describe two solid metallic parts directly impacting each other. These are usually fairly easy to identify since there really aren�t many places that can happen. In the engine, the pistons can directly impact the head or crankshaft, and the rocker arms and associated valve train can have direct impact. Since the valve train operates at half the speed of the engine, you can hear a difference in speed and narrow it down. (tip: remove the oil filler cap in the valve cover and listen to the valves operate to hear half-engine speed) If it�s in the engine or accessories, it�ll happen with the vehicle sitting still and the motor running. If it happens while you�re driving, note if it�s aggravated by bumps and which corner hitting the bump aggravates it most.

Does it squeal? �Eek-eek-eek� would describe a rotational noise that�s metal-on-metal. Usually it�s a bearing. The rate of change of the speed of the noise (as well as your directional hearing sense) will point you to the location of the bearing. So if it�s a road-speed eek-eek, it�s probably a wheel bearing. An eek-eek that varies with engine speed is probably an accessory bearing, often the alternator. A word of caution here: bearing eek-eeks often disappear when the bearing gets hot, so the disappearance of the eek-eek is not a good sign.

Does it thunk? They�re usually isolated and not regular. If you can make it thunk by hitting a bump with a certain corner of the car, it�s a shock absorber. If you can make it thunk by hitting the throttle, it�s a motor or transmission mount. If it thunk-thunk-thunks at road speed, you�re probably losing a tire tread.

Does it click? Chipped or broken gears click. Transmission or axle gears, depending on where you hear it coming from.

Does it whine or even howl? Feed it or leave it home the next time you go out. Gears whine too. Usually the sound will change significantly on-throttle versus off-throttle. That�s never a good sound, but check yer freakin� fluid level where the noise is coming from now! You�ve probably sprung a leak or gone dry. If you do it RIGHT NOW you might save those gears!

Does it pop? Pops are the result of explosions. IE, valves in the engine open at the wrong time or not opening at all. Often accompanied by tapping because of a rocker arm problem. It can pop out the intake or exhaust end. Either way, it�s a pretty serious engine problem. UNLESS�one of your joker friends swapped some spark plug wires while you weren�t looking. Death threats often uncover or cause such behavior.

Does it vibrate? Everybody knows the vibration of a flat or out-of-balance tire. How about a vibration at four times that rate? That�s probably a driveshaft, bent or with a bad u-joint. Usually isn�t accompanied by noise, but we�ll include it here, and who could hear it anyway over all the other squeaks and rattles and flapping of the top?

TIPS:

Place a long screwdriver, dowel, or mechanic�s stethoscope (get one on your next trip to Harbor Freight) against your ear and the various parts of a running engine to hear normal operating noises. Try the valve cover, crankcase, alternator, power steering pump, and air conditioner compressor. Caution: Don�t touch any moving parts or wiring!

Tie a piece of nylon strap to a u-joint yoke just long enough to strike a frame rail, spring, exhaust pipe, or other part, and drive a bit. You�ll hear it slap against the part at about 4 times road speed. You may have to turn off the motor and coast to hear it. You can do this with a strap tied to a wheel spoke to hear road speed rotation. Keep it fairly slow or the strap will just coil up.

So to summarize, now you can call your mechanic and tell him: �I�ve got a four-times road speed eek-eek in the rear. Whaddyathink?� To which he can reply: �Sounds like a bad pinion bearing. Check your gear lube. Drive slow with steady throttle. Watch for leakage at the rear of the driveshaft. If it gets worse, get it towed. Bring it to me in the morning.�

Bruce Bogart, AKA �Pappy�, has been swappin� lies around the campfire for over twenty years. He�s the inventor of the Plugzit and Starterita. After 45 years with cars of every description and ten trips across the Rubicon, he�s surely heard every bent and broken part imaginable. Although he�s become something of a recluse, he still enjoys hearing new lies and war stories at jbrucebogart@gmail.com.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Major Events Planned for 2012

Wilderness Advanced First aid June 28- July 1 (WAFA)

Rubicon Trail a week in August

And of course we will have our Mojave Road and Death Valley Adventure Trips.
See details below.

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March Events

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Tierra Del Sol Winch Safety Demo Friday March 02, 2012

Bad angle on the pull!

Join Tom Severin and Frenchie La Chance for a winch demo Friday March 2, 2012 at 3:00 PM in the training course at Ocotillo Wells SVRA. Sponsored by Superwinch and International 4 Wheel Drive Trainers Association (I4WDTA).

More Details...see page 3

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic March 10, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic March 11, 2012

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OAUSA Amateur Radio Testing plus Meet & Greet March 17

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Death Valley March 16 to 19, 2012

This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive past Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with random or no cell service.

Click here to check out the details and sign up on the website:

Or register directly here.

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Mojave Road March 24 - 26

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Build Your Own First Aid Kit

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-02-08

Build Your Own First Aid Kit

Source - Major surplus (Bag only)

Much of the time in the outdoors, you will be on your own for immediate medical care, with definitive medical services 2 or more hours away. Provided, of course that you can even signal for help!

In preparation for an outing or expedition, you need to make sure everyone has a first aid kit. If you don�t -- build one now! If you have a first aid kits make sure it is in good order. This is a good time to look at the contents and replace expired drugs and damage supplies. If your first aid credentials have expired, see if you can squeeze in a class before your next expedition.

Since we all have significant cargo capacity in vehicle dependent travel, I recommend each vehicle take a fully stocked first aid kit. I like the duplication and I like the idea that if you get separated (on purpose or otherwise), a first aid kit is at hand.

Used as "Boo boo" kit - Major Surplus

Multiple First aid Kits

In addition to your main first aid kit, you want a smaller kit for side trips without the vehicle. Plus you may want to make up a �boo boo� bag for Advil, IBU, Aleve (or your favorite NSAID), band aids, anti acid tablets, splinter kit, etc. for the headache, scrapes, and bruises that do not warrant breaking out the big box.

Update Expired Drugs

Make a list of expiration dates

Heat is hard on drugs, band aids and other items in your first aid kit. So is riding around for a year or more in your off-road vehicle. Packets break and dry out; Bottles leak; drugs expire, etc. It would be a good idea to inventory your drugs and update ones that have expired or show signs of deterioration. Epinephrine should be clear. If not replace it. Replace all damaged supplies. Take the time to type up a list of drugs and when they expire in each of your first aid kits. The list makes it so much easier to check for expired drugs in the future. Make sure the batteries in your headlamp / flashlight and watch are fresh. This is a good time to refresh yourself with what you actually have in the kit and where it is located.

First Aid Kit vs. Survival Kit

Many find the first aid kit a convenient and logical place to store small survival items � matches, whistle, signal mirror, knife, compass, etc. It may be ok to have survival items in the kit if you have room. If you decide to include survival items, make a hard separation of your survival items from your true first aid items so they do not get in the way.

Individual Packets vs. Larger Containers

I prefer to include a bottle of NSAID tablets rather than numerous individual packets with 2 tablets each. I prefer a tube of Neosporin rather than individual one time use packets. While the packets are convenient, I feel they are more expense and waste drugs. Once a packet is opened any unused contents are discarded.

Build Your Kit

Pelican cases make an excellent vehicle dependent First Aid container

I think the best kits are ones you build yourself with the tools, equipment, and supplies you know how to use. You can start with a commercial kit, however, and supplement the contents. The Adventure Medical line of First Aid Kits is one I recommend. When I travel by plane and leave my other gear home, I carry the Sportsman model. They have several larger kits that I like for vehicle dependent travel.

You want the kit to be as waterproof as possible and you should try to segment the supplies into separate areas or small bags based on categories of need. In the attached list you can see the suggested categories. I am providing this list to get you started! Feel free to make modifications. One item that merits inclusion on top of every smaller bag (or sub section) is gloves for personal protection. They will be handy and a visible reminder to wear them no matter which bag you go to first.

Adventure Medical Sportsman

First Aid Kit

A water proof case or bag

DOCUMENTATION

Field Guide of Wilderness & Rescue Medicine
SOAP Notes (or Injury / illness documentation forms)
Note book & pencil
List of drugs in the kit & expiration date
Copy of doctor�s order for prescription drugs carried in the kit

PERSONAL PROTECTION

4 (at least) pair non latex Gloves (also put a set in each of the other sections)
Ear plugs
Purell hand sanitizer

Smaller bags organize contents by need

TOOLS

Headlamp / Penlight
Watch
Scissors
Tweezers
60 cc syringe
Suction bulb
Oral / digital thermometer
Sterile scalpel blade
Fine hemostat x 2
Blood pressure cuff
Stethoscope
Sterile needles for splinters
Pocket rescue mask

WOUND CLEANING KIT

Tooth Brush - new
2 4x4 inch sterile gauze dressings
2 2x2 inch sterile gauze dressings
1 small bottle of tincture of benzoin

Don't forget documentation

WOUND DRESSING KIT

2 4x4 inch sterile gauze dressings
2 2x2 inch sterile gauze dressings
First Aid Cream
Neosporin
1 2x2 mole skin for blisters
6 band-Aids
1 roll 1 inch flexible tape
1 roll �vet� wrap
1 small tube Providone iodine ointment
1 small bottle liquid soap
2 inch elastic bandage

And a first Aid Book

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK KIT

Epinephrine
1 cc syringe x3 or Epi pen
4 tablets Benedryl

LARGE WOUNDS / FRACTURES

Large Triangular Bandage
Xeroform gauze dressing
Sam Splint
4 Diaper pins
4� & 6� Ace bandage
Burn sheet (100% cotton t-Shirt fresh from dryer kept in plastic bag)
Large dressing (Sanitary Napkins / diapers work well)
Handful of big plastic cable ties
Duct Tape

In addition, make a mental note of all the other stuff you have in the vehicle to make a splint (tent poles, tarps, ropes, blankets) or can be used to stabilize someone prior to transport.

MEDICATIONS � Nonprescription

Tylenol aka Acetaminophen (Pain, Fever)
Advil aka ibuprofen (Pain, Fever, Inflammation)
Aspirin (Pain, Fever, Inflammation)
Aleve aka naproxen (Pain, Fever, Inflammation)
Allegra-D
Imodium
Benadryl
Stool Softener (e.g. Colase)
Syrup of Ipecac
Liquid activated charcoalv
Cake mate
Dramamine (motion sickness)
Cough & cold preparations
Sun block
Chap Stick

MEDICATIONS � Prescription

(Talk to your doctor)

Antibiotic tablets
Antibiotic eye ointment or drops
Epipen
Prednisone
Abuterol Inhaler
Medication for severe pain
Steroid cream
Diamox (if going to altitude)

If it has been a while, I recommended you take a First Aid Course. Wilderness Medical Associates www.wildmed.com offers course from 2, 4 or 8 days. These courses are geared for the kind of first aid we need when calling 911 is not an option.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Major Events Planned for 2012

While we are on the subject of planning, Badlands Off-Road adventures, Inc. has a number of significant events on the schedule for this year. If you wish to participate, you need to start making plans soon. Some events have early due dates, may require significant preparations, have limited positions and require time off from work.

Easter Safari April 2 - 6 (registration cutoff Feb 15)

Wilderness Advanced First aid June 28- July 1 (WAFA)

Rubicon Trail a week in August

And of course we will have our Mojave Road and Death Valley Adventure Trips.

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February Clinics

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic February 11 & March 10, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic March 11, 2012

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Death Valley March 16 to 19, 2012

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Mojave Road March 24 - 26

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4 Wheel Drive Radio Shows

These 2 four wheel drive radio shows you can listen to on-line or download as a podcast.

http://ernlive.com/shows/4-wheel-and-off-road-radio.html
On the left find a drop down called SHOWTIMES to select the podcast you want to listen to or down load.

http://www.the4x4podcast.com

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Make Outdoor Resolutions You Can keep

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2012-01-02

Make Outdoor Resolutions You Can keep

Photo by Frank at South Bay Truck

Well, it�s that time of year again. Time for handing out gifts, partying, stuffing our faces, having a jolly good time (too good, sometimes), and then the customary New Year�s resolutions. You know, that list of promises for the coming year that don�t last past Super Bowl weekend.

I�m here to add a new twist on that: a list of resolutions designed to get you more enthusiastic about outdoors and more involved in our exciting hobby. So while shedding pounds and cutting down on sweet are good for you, these steps are fun and have a higher probability of success!

As you know, we�re frequently under pressure by those who want to deny us access to public lands. By becoming more involved in our hobby, you help protect our privileges.

Please don�t be intimidated by the length. I don�t expect you to do all of them. Instead, pick three or four that you can accomplish. Some go quicker than others. Perhaps after accomplishing those you�ll want to add another one. Good for you. The more the merrier, as we say, and not just during the holiday season.

The key to accomplishing a goal is to make it �SMART�.

A SMART goals is:

Specific: It�s a well-defined task.
Measurable: Results are quantifiable. For example, 10 camping nights completed, 25 geocahes found, new bumper installed. You did it or didn�t do it.
Achievable: It�s good to set high expectations, but be sure you can accomplish the task. Otherwise, you will become unhappy and give up.
Relevant: It is a worthwhile use of time; not some busy work. You need to accomplish this task, and you will benefit from it.
Time-bound: The task is accomplished within a particular period of time. It has a deadline.

Here is an example of a SMART resolution: �I will update the expired meds in my first aid kit by the end of March, 2012.� It is very specific on what you will do, it is not hard and you know how to do it, therefore achievable, the result is an updated first aid kit. We know the deadline -by the end of March and it is easy to measure the results. It was done or not done

In no particular order, here are suggested resolutions for 2012:

Take more 4WD trips. Be specific � for example, schedule one day (or weekend) per month. Mark those on your calendar, so you commit yourself now.

Do one of the big adventures. Go on the Rubicon Trail or Moab trails.

Finish those vehicle upgrades. Pick one or two that are doable. Could be a new front bumper, swing-away rear bumper, roof rack, new axle, whatever you need.

Purchase necessary additional equipment for your vehicle. There are a lot of possibilities: navigation equipment, extra recovery gear, first aid kit, onboard air, a winch, and so on. What can you add this year?

Buy a new (or new to you) vehicle or another one you can take off road.

Become more disaster prepared. This applies to home and vehicle. Perhaps you could use a 72-hour kit for home or a go-bag for the vehicle. Refer to the FEMA website www.fema.org or these columns for more suggestions: Urban Disasters No Match For a Prepared 4-Wheeler and Your Gear Is Not Complete Without An Emergency Packet!

Obtain more training. Become a Tread Lightly! trainer. Take a first aid course or renew your accreditation if necessary. Sign up for one or two of my off-road skills courses. Find a course on GPS. The key is to schedule it now. Don�t put it off, or you�ll never do it.

Take your kids out. Commit to spending more outdoors time with your kids. Try to incorporate four-wheeling (they�ll enjoy it), but it�s important to enjoy more quality time with your kids.

Along those lines, teach your kids age-appropriate outdoor skills. These can include how to camp and start fires safely; how to use a map, compass, and GPS unit; knife safety; backpacking, tying knots; and so on.

Join all of these associations. Well at least one or two. These include
- California Association of 4WD Clubs www.Cal4wheel.com,
- California Off-road Vehicle Association www.corva.org ,
- Blue Ribbon Coalition www.sharetrails.org ,
- Tread Lightly! www.treadlightly.org,
- United 4Wheel Drive Associations www.ufwda.org.
Your support of and membership in helps keep public lands open to 4-wheelers.

Get a ham radio license. Ham radio gear is quite useful off-road. Plus, you can use it to participate in charity event and disaster training in your home community. Hamming is just plain fun - go to www.arrl.org. For a related column, see Communication Equipment is Critical for Off-Road Driving .

Once licensed, consider joining the Outdoor Adventure USA net www.oausa.net. We meet on VHF frequencies every Thursday at 7:30 p.m. PST to discuss outdoor related topics, including maintenance and repair, disaster preparedness, and useful gear, to name a few. Though we�re located in California, you can participate in our nets from anywhere in the country via IRLP (Connect to the Western Reflector node 9251).

Go geocaching; This is a great activity to get the kids involved. You can combine kids, 4-wheeling and navigation into every outing. Set a goal to find a certain number of geocaches. For example a SMART goal might be �With the kids, find and log 6 geocaches each quarter in 2012�. Start at the geocache web site http://www.geocaching.com/ and start with geocaches close to home.

Commit to bring back a full Trasharoo each outing. Pick up trash you see on the trails. http://www.trasharoo.com/iWeb/TRASHAROO%20/About.html

Give talks to area groups about 4-wheeling. Help dispel the myths, and encourage others to join the fun hobby (or at least support it). Talks to service clubs (Rotary, Lions, etc.), Chamber of Commerce meetings, and civic clubs.

Write about our hobby. Use blog posts, tweets, Facebook comments, letters to editor of local papers, and other venues.

Contact radio and TV stations and offer to be interviewed. This is especially important when negative stories break. Our hobby needs eloquent people to present a good side to four wheeling.

This may seem like a daunting task, but once you accomplish a few of these, you�ll find it�s a lot easier than shedding pounds and giving up doughnuts. Try it!

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Major Events Planned for 2012

Easter Safari April 2 - 6 (registration cutoff Feb 15)

Wilderness Advanced First aid June 28- July 1 (WAFA)

Rubicon Trail a week in August

And of course we will have our Mojave Road and Death Valley Adventure Trips.

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Tread Trainer Clinic January 7, 2012

You still have time - but not much - to get into the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic Jan 7, 2012. This year it will be held in Anaheim. You are encouraged to sign up for the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

You can find out more details on line at http://www.4x4training.com/TrainingClinics/Tread.html .

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Tread.

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GPS Adventure Weekend January 28th

This is a hands-on class combined with a weekend of camping and 4-Wheeling! You need to bring your own self-contained GPS receiver unit. The focus of the class is how to operate your GPS unit and how to use it for basic navigation in the field.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: GPS Adventure Weekend:

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#GPSAdventure

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Getting Started Off-road Driving Clinic January 14, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic January 15, 2012

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Tire Repair & Hi-lift Jack Mini Clinic February 4, 2012

Fix a bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

You can find out more details on line at Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic:.

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TireRepair.

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Additional February Clinics

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4 Wheel Drive Radio Shows

These 2 four wheel drive radio shows you can listen to on-line or download as a podcast.

http://ernlive.com/shows/4-wheel-and-off-road-radio.html
On the left find a drop down called SHOWTIMES to select the podcast you want to listen to or down load.

http://www.the4x4podcast.com

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The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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How to Survive Death Wobble

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-12-15

How to Survive Death Wobble

Caked on mud

It�s one of the more frightening experiences you�ll encounter behind the wheel. The vehicle is shaking so badly you think it�ll far apart and that you�re going to die. That�s why it�s called Death Wobble.

I hope you never experience it, but if you do, this column may help you survive with your wits intact (though you may still need a change of underwear).

Typically occurring between 45 and 55 mph, death wobble is caused by one or more problems with the front end or tires. That�s part of the problem. Drive train and suspension systems are so complex nowadays, it can be tough to pinpoint what caused the death wobble.

What to do if death wobble occurs

Before going into troubleshooting, we should review some of the steps to take in case you encounter death wobble and still need to get home.

The first step is to maintain your composure. Death wobble, as I mentioned above, is a terrifying experience. Slow down immediately and, if possible, pull off to the side of the road. Brake calipers will help slow down the death wobble too. Inspect your vehicle for any parts that are ready to fall off - tie rod ends, track bar, etc. You�re trying to determine if you can drive the vehicle home. If not, have it towed. Otherwise, you should be able to drive it, but keep your speed under 45 to prevent death wobble from reoccurring or try driving quickly thru the 45-55 trigger point. In most instances death wobble will not occur if you maintain a speed above the trigger point.

The tires deserve a quick check to see if you can solve the problem.

Mud caked on the tire creates an unbalanced tire.
Check that tire pressure is equal side to side on the front tires and that the tires are holding pressure. A loose valve stem can be leaking and is difficult to detect � so is a small stone wedged in the bead.
Check for wheel weights that are missing.
Check that the lug nuts are tight.

How to fix death wobble

Talk about complex!

In a 4WD vehicle, a contributing factor is the lift kit and large tires. They throw off the caster angle and other elements, thereby making the vehicle more prone to death wobble. There are ways to get around that, but first we need to thoroughly inspect the tires and front end.

We�ll assume first that you�ve had the lift kit on for some time with no problems. If death wobble occurs, it means something�s not right but we don�t suspect caster initially.

Determining the cause of death wobble requires a thorough inspection of the suspension and drive train, as well as the front tires.

Tires: Make sure there is no mud caked on them, especially on the inside. Mud causes a wheel to be unbalanced. If they�re relatively new and were balanced, you should be able to discount them. Also, check the tire pressure. Improper pressure side to side can cause a tire to wobble. Run through the same list above that you checked in the field
Steering links: Start the vehicle, and have someone roll the steering wheel back and forth about � turn continually while you watch each joint one by one. There shouldn�t be any movement on one side of the joint before the other moves.

Look at each end of the track bar. There should be no movement in either. (The track bar is one of the top suspects. Not only may the bushing be worn but also the bolts and the hole maybe elongated. All will need to be repaired)
Check tie rod ends at each wheel and at the pitman arm.
Look at each of the adjustment joints on the drag link and tie rod. There should be no movement where the rods are treaded into the joint. A telltale sign is if the joint lifts up and down as you rotate the steering.

Check the bolts that hold the steering gear box in place. Inspect the frame under the steering gear box for cracks.
Check the toe in. With a lift kit and big tires, you generally have almost no difference from front to back. In the absence of real specs, I would set the toe in to a maximum of 1/16 in.
Inspect the tires. Are they mounted properly? Is there any problem with the tire beads? Spin balance each tire even if you just had it done recently.
Check the caster angle. A lift kit tends to change the caster angle toward zero degrees, and sometimes even a positive angle position. Casters must be at a negative angle to operate properly. A minus 4 or 6 degree angle is generally required. Research the caster spec for your vehicle.

Dig deeper to solve a stubborn problem

Inspect the axle U-joints. They could be worn and have some play in them.
Check the wheel bearings. Lift each front wheel off the ground to check the wheel bearing. When you push and pull on the top and bottom of the tire you should have no play.
Check the ball joints. With a floor jack lift each end of the axle up at the steering knuckle. Just as the tire leaves the ground, the steering knuckle and the ball joint should move together.

The next steps in eliminating death wobble

Centramatic

If you have replaced all the bad parts, balanced your tires and you�ve set the caster to the proper angle, there are a couple last-ditch steps you can take. The second one, especially, isn�t ideal, but it can at least allow you to drive your vehicle.

Install Centramatic wheel balancers. They are designed to compensate for any anomalies in tire balance. http://centramatic.com

Toe out the tires. Doing so will cause the tires to wear out prematurely, but if it works at least you�ll eliminate the wobble. I would suggest small changes- � to one turn at a time of toe out until it helps.

As you can see, there�s a lot to consider when confronted with death wobble. Chances are, though, you will eliminate it while going through the steps I outline above. Then you can get back to enjoying your trips!

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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Gift Certificate

For Christmas consider a gift certificate for a Class or Adventure in 2012 Or
a Winching DVD as a Stocking Stuffer

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Tread Trainer Clinic January 7, 2012

There is a Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic Jan 7, 2012. This year it will be held in Anaheim. You are encouraged to sign up for the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

You can find out more details on line at http://www.4x4training.com/TrainingClinics/Tread.html .

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Tread.

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic January 14, 2012

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Advanced Beginner Clinic January 15, 2012

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Tire Repair & Hi-lift Jack Mini Clinic February 4, 2012

Fix a bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

You can find out more details on line at Tire Repair & Hi-Lift Mini Clinic:.

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TireRepair.

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4 Wheel Drive Radio Shows

These 2 four wheel drive radio shows you can listen to on-line or download as a podcast.

http://ernlive.com/shows/4-wheel-and-off-road-radio.html
On the left find a drop down called SHOWTIMES to select the podcast you want to listen to or down load.

http://www.the4x4podcast.com

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Christmas Ideas

For Christmas consider giving a gift certificate for a Class or Adventure in 2012

Or a Winching DVD as a Stocking Stuffer

##########################

Any of these Item would make a good Christmas Gift from
The Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

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Mojave Green Can Bite You In A Whole New Way

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-11-11

Mojave Green Can Bite You In A Whole New Way

Saw this one on the Mojave Road

While going off road, especially in the southwestern part of the United States, people often wonder about snakes, rattlesnakes in particular.

Several rattlesnake species inhabit the United States, with the Diamondback and Mojave Green rather prevalent in the southwest (and most of Mexico). They are similar in appearance, but the Mojave Green rattlesnake is far more poisonous.

Found at higher elevations � in the 2,000 to 4,000 foot range � Mojave Green rattlesnakes (sometimes spelled Mohave) prefer grassy areas or scrub brush like creosote and mesquite. They have a diamond pattern down their backs like the Diamondback rattlesnake, but the pattern disappears near the tail. They derive their name from their blue green color.

Mojave Green feast on kangaroo rats, lizards, and other small critters. Unlike most snakes, Mojave Green young ones are snakes, not eggs.

Rattlesnake venom contains several poisons, chief among them being neuro toxins and hemo toxins. Neuo toxins affect the central nervous system, while hemo toxins cause you to bleed internally. Symptoms of a snake bite, which can take several hours to appear, include blurred vision, slurry speech, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, and respiratory failure. A rattlesnake has the capability of biting you but not injecting you. The young ones don�t have as much control over that process, so they�re more likely to inject you. Not all snake bites result in poison being injected, but you should treat all bites as serious matters.

According to Emedicinehealth.com , approximately 7,000 snakebites are reported in the United States each year, with five to 10 of those being fatal.

What makes the Mojave Green rattlesnake noteworthy is the potency of its venom, which by one estimate is about 16 times as toxic as the Diamondback rattlesnake venom.

What to do if you see a rattlesnake

Another one on the Mojave Road

The best way to avoid being bitten by a rattlesnake is to stay away. That sounds obvious, but some people find out the hard way. Most snake bites occur because the person has tried to handle or otherwise mess with the rattlesnake.

If you hear the distinctive rattle, stop and look carefully. Rattlesnakes can be difficult to see at times. Once you�ve located the rattlesnake, step away. Most rattlesnakes will slither away if you make any noise. Stomping or pounding the ground with a stick may help. Mojave Green rattlesnakes, however, tend to stand their ground. Give them a wide berth.

As is the case whenever you�re outdoors, remember to wear boots and long pants; long-sleeved shirts can help, too. Wear shoes and use a flashlight at night. Although they generally are more active during the daytime, rattlesnakes are known to feed at night. You may find one near your tent or the latrine.

What to do if bitten by a rattlesnake

The first step, as with all emergencies, is to avoid panicking. Keep a cool head and think this through. Realize that rattlesnake poison typically needs four to six hours to take full effect. Don�t drag your heels on this issue, but unlike what the movies suggest, bites from Mojave Green and Diamondback rattlesnakes don�t result in instant death to a human.

Remove any jewelry near the wound and loosen the clothing, as that part of the body may swell from the reaction. Don�t cut the wound. That will do more damage and won�t help at all.

Clean the wound and apply a bandage. (Do not apply ice or a tourniquet.) There is no need to kill the snake. When calling the hospital mention that the person has been bitten by a pit viper (the name for that class of snakes). There is just one anti-venom for all rattlesnake bites.

If possible, keep the person � or at least the affected body part � as still as possible. That will slow the flow of rattlesnake venom throughout the body. You may not have a choice in this matter, however. If the person was bitten while hiking, he will have to walk some distance if he can�t be carried.

Call 911 or the National Poison Control Center (800-222-1222) for help. Make sure the person gets to the hospital, even if there are no visible signs of poisoning. Bite wounds are severe, and must be cleaned properly. The doctor may also administer a tetanus shot as a precaution.

Anti-venom is administered through an IV. It generally takes about 30 minutes to administer a bag of anti-venom, and the person may need more than one. (There is no anti-venom you can take out in the wild. It is available only in a medical facility.) Medical staff will also observe the patient for some time to see if there is any allergic reaction to the anti-venom.

Because rattlesnake bites are so rare, not all hospitals carry the anti-venom. This is another reason to call for help as soon as the person is bitten. Give the hospital as much lead time as possible to obtain the anti-venom if needed.

While rattlesnakes are dangerous, they�re easy to avoid. Many people are fascinated when they encounter a rattlesnake, and use the opportunity to take interesting pictures. Think of your rattlesnake �experience� as an educational one. Just keep your distance.

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Did you miss the previous articles?

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T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

Our goal is to cross through Johnson Valley, enjoying what it has to offer, and making our way North along the old Tonopah & Tidewater (T&T) Rail Road bed to the Rasor OHV, Afton Canyon and the western edge of the Mojave Preserve. On the way we will skirt the Rodman Mountain Wilderness and cross I-40. This adventure is 2 days of scenic, historical, light wheeling and a night ( 2 if you prefer) of primitive camping under the stars. We can plan a Dutch Oven pot luck for our evening meal.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/TTRailroad.html

Watch this video about the Tonopah & Tidewater RR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZUQZv6TK24&feature=email

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TTRailroad

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic December 10

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Advanced Beginner Clinic December 11

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Tread Trainer Clinic January 7, 2012

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4 Wheel Drive Radio Shows

These 2 four wheel drive radio shows you can listen to on-line or download as a podcast.

http://ernlive.com/shows/4-wheel-and-off-road-radio.html
On the left find a drop down called SHOWTIMES to select the podcast you want to listen to or down load.

http://www.the4x4podcast.com

##########################

Christmas Ideas

For Christmas consider giving a gift certificate for a Class or Adventure in 2012

Or a Winching DVD as a Stocking Stuffer

##########################

Any of Item would make a good Christmas Gift from
Badlands Off-road Adventures Store

Click here if you cannot see the full store

##########################

I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Damage Mitigation

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-10-14

Damage Mitigation

Almost 1000 miles new - on the Rubicon

Of all the concerns expressed by my newer students, #1 is damage to a new or expensive vehicle. That�s understandable. You buy this special vehicle, then decide to take it off road. The last thing you want to see are marks and scratches.

I understand how you feel. That first �ouch� really hurts. Usually it�s just some minor scratches or pinstriping. But you�re bummed nonetheless. Over time you�ll come to accept those, because you�re having so much fun. Even so, there are some ways to minimize the damage.

One problem with stock vehicles is that they don�t offer enough clearance on the approach and departure angle. You�re going to have some scrapes and dings on the bumper. You�re also likely to lose the air dam early on.

If you want to go off road, there�s no avoiding some abuse. You will have to accept a certain amount of bruising in order to enjoy the trails. But it�s worth it.

How to minimize damage to your vehicle

There�s one very easy way to avoid damage to a new car, which I�ll get to later. Let�s look at some steps you can take now. By the way, these suggestions apply to all vehicles and four-wheelers, not just new ones.

The best advice I can give to all drivers is: �Keep all four wheels on the ground and go slowly.� By driving slowly you can pick good lines, and feel your way through a rough patch. Ask one of your buddies to spot for you as you approach an obstacle. Realize that what�s under and really close to you is out of sight. Most of the undercarriage is pretty strong. You can scrape it but not hurt the vehicle. It�s when you go airborne and drop it on a rock or other hard surface that you experience big problems.

Another good tip is to watch the vehicle in front of you. Observe how that driver faced the obstacle; what did and did not work. It may also help to get out and study the obstacle. Your perspective from inside the vehicle is different.

Consider adding armor to your vehicle. Most off-road vehicles come with a skid plate over the gas tank and a small one over the transfer case. Add those if they are missing. Even if yours has a transfer case skid plate, you may consider swapping it for an after-market model. OEM pieces aren�t that strong.

A really important item, though, is rock rails. The bottoms of the rock rail protect you from the effect of sliding on rocks and other stuff. The rails stick out three or four inches, and allow you to pivot away from rocks on the sides. Rock rails are critical, because the side panels are really vulnerable.

If you have a new Jeep you might look into covering it with "Jeep Skins" to protect the paint. Check out http://www.jeepskins.com.

The best mitigating factor is driving experience. As you gain experience, you learn how to read a trail and how best to address or avoid an obstacle.

Avoiding obstacles not always best idea

You may wonder: Why not avoid obstacles all the time? Surprisingly, that�s not always the best advice.

Every trail has some sort of hazard. You can start on a mild trail, and then find yourself facing an obstacle that you can�t avoid. You may not be able to drive around it or back up. Perhaps conditions on the trail behind you have changed.

Other times a driver tries to drive around a rock and ends up off-camber. The vehicle is on a bit of a slope with its wheels spinning. The driver is stuck. Plus, the vehicle drifts when spinning the wheels and slides against the rock; now there�s no way to avoid damage.

In this case the better path would�ve been to pick a good, clean sight line up and over the rock. The vehicle would have been level and had traction on all four wheels.

It�s good for you to learn how to drive through these conditions. If you can go around something safely, that�s fine. Sometimes, though, the safest route is up and over the obstacle. It takes experience to make that call.

How to avoid damaging a new car

Buy a used car. Yep, that�s right. Keep the nice one at home, and take the other one off road.

However, I think by now you can see that even a new vehicle has its place on the back roads. Plus, you may not be able to afford another vehicle. Don�t deny yourself the fun and excitement of four-wheeling just because your vehicle is in pristine shape.

Follow the suggestions I�ve listed here, and you can enjoy the great outdoors.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Four-Wheeling Good for Families, Easy on Environment

4 Wheel Drive Radio Shows

There are 2 four wheel drive radio shows you can listen to on-line or download as a podcast.

Petersen's 4Wheel & Off Road Radio

http://ernlive.com/shows/4-wheel-and-off-road-radio.html
On the left find a drop down called SHOWTIMES to select the podcast you want to listen to or down load.

The 4x4 PodCast

http://www.the4x4podcast.com

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Barstow to Vegas Aka Mojave Road - October 28

STILL TIME TO GO ON THIS TRIP!

On this trip we run the Mojave Road starting near Barstow and end up on the Colorado River about 95 miles south of Vegas. This is the way Miners traveling from LA made their way to the gold fields. Traveling the Mojave Road isn't a picnic but it is a great family style 4-Wheel drive trip / Expedition. It's a 3-day excursion, best made in convoy with other 4-wheelers. The Mojave Road was a main wagon trail for many years between the Beale wagon road in AZ and the West Coast. The terrain is mostly desert; some hills over the various mountain ranges; a dry lake; water crossings; canyons; and areas of soft sand. More Details

You can register at Barstow to Vegas Aka Mojave Road Registration

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T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic November12

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Advanced Beginner Clinic November 13

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Tread Trainer Clinic January 7, 2012

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I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Four-Wheeling Good for Families, Easy on Environment

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-09-15

Four-Wheeling Good for Families,
Easy on Environment

Saline Valley from Salt Tram Station

When most laymen think of four-wheeling, their thoughts unfortunately are rarely positive. You know the criticism: We tear up the landscape. Scare away the wildlife. Pollute the environment. And burn through gas like there�s no tomorrow.

How often have you heard those? How have you responded?

You know you�re a responsible driver and a good steward of the land. You�re also quite proud of your hobby and your fellow drivers. So any criticism tends to cut to the bone. You�re inclined to lash out. Don�t. The best way to respond to those claims is with the facts. A calm, thoughtful reply will quiet just about anybody. Keep in mind that many people you encounter are neutral on the subject. Use those opportunities to talk up the hobby, also.

Inform the person that four-wheeling is possible without harming the environment. Responsible drivers adhere to the Tread Lightly principles. You know what they are, so state them:

T Travel responsibly on designated roads or trails
R Respect the rights of others
E Educate yourself: plan and prepare before you go
A Avoid sensitive areas
D Do your part

�You see,� you can tell the person, �we use our vehicles to help us explore places we could not otherwise. These can be exciting trails; exquisite views of nature, many in the mountains or other challenging places; ghost towns and abandoned mines; and wildlife like you�ve never seen.

�All the while we are respectful of nature. Many times we are camping, hiking, fishing or hunting. We are exploring and experiencing the outdoors, but we do so in a responsible manner. Plus, we often have to buy a pass or license to drive on those lands. Those funds help maintain the property and wildlife.�

Over 10,000 feet above sea level

Go on to explain how four-wheeling is a family affair. It�s a great time and healthy event that everyone can enjoy. These trips offer a chance to bond with spouse and kids, and teach them to appreciate and respect nature.

You can add that we use those trips to challenge ourselves and our vehicles. We are always careful and prepare properly before going off-road. By encountering and overcoming those challenges, we develop and hone our driving and survival skills, and build self-esteem in the process. These trips involve problem solving, team building, and other valuable skills. Camaraderie is strong during the excursions, and we develop friendships that last a lifetime.

Finally, we don�t burn as much gas as people think. Sure, our off-road mileage isn�t great, but we�re not driving every day. This is just a weekend hobby. And it�s usually only one weekend a month.

Occasionally during an expedition I will poll the group on what attracts them to this type of trip. Repeatedly I get responses like �spend time with friends and family,� �the solitude,� �beauty and nature,� and �exploring history.� There�s a lot more to going off road, but until you do, you really can�t appreciate it. Or understand why we do. That�s where you, my fellow enthusiasts, come in. Our hobby needs you to be spokesmen for the cause.

Introduce others to four-wheeling. Take them out for a leisurely drive one afternoon. Show them that an off road driving experience is like none other. Let them learn for themselves the value of our hobby.

Incidentally, you notice that I refer to four-wheeling as a hobby. I do that on purpose. If you call it a sport, people immediately figure there�s some competitive nature about it. That creates the image of cars recklessly tearing through the desert or some other sensitive area.

As you can see, there are a lot of positives to our hobby. Make a point to talk up four-wheeling whenever you can. You just may gain a new enthusiast.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Camp Cooking

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October and 2012 Schedule

It is almost time to get back to the Desert. We have a number of trips scheduled in October.

Death Valley
Mojave road
Barstow to Vegas

The 2012 schedule is now posted on the web site. There may be some fine tuning yet, but it seems "like a plan". When publishing a schedule so far in advance, some dates and events will predictably change - So check the web site or call as an event gets nearer. There will be a new weekend GPS adventure in January and a Wilderness Advanced First Aid Clinic in June. If you have other requests for training or adventures to consider next year, let us know. We might be able to work it in.

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Death Valley October 7

This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive past Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with no cell service.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: Trip Details
You can register directly at Death Valley Registration

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Mojave Road October 15

We will follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. We will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. The 4 Wheeling is quite mild. More Details

You can register at Mojave Road Registration

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T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic October 01

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Advanced Beginner Clinic October 02

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I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Camp Cooking

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-08-23

Camp Cooking

Relaxing before preparing dinner

Sitting around a campfire enjoying a finely prepared meal with friends is one of the most pleasurable aspects of four-wheeling. A hearty meal tastes so good after a long day on the trail.

Two previous columns, Cook Anywhere, Anytime With A Campbox and Tickle The Tastebuds With A Dutch Oven, discuss particular aspects of off-road cooking. We�ll talk in more general terms here.

Cooking for an entire group is fun, but it�s also a fair amount of work. Rotate the cooking duties among the various families participating in your ride. Each family (or person) can showcase a favorite meal, thereby putting a distinctive flavor on the trip.

Each will bring what is necessary to cook the particular meal. But plan for contingencies. If, for example, one family has to leave camp early, perhaps they can transfer their food to other vehicles. Also, each family should bring extra food in case they get separated from the group.

Consider spreading some of the cooking gear among the vehicles. Some redundancy is good � take along two stoves, for example, even if you plan to use only one. But it�s not necessary to duplicate every item. As the length and remoteness of the trip increases, the issue of limited space and weight makes a planned group distribution of gear more appealing.

Half the fun of a trip is in the planning and that includes the assignment of meals and distribution of gear. However, it�s also important that each family learn to be self-sufficient. It�s a good skill to develop, and for the more demanding trips, it�s a necessity.

A view with breakfast

Some other items to consider:

It�s difficult to cook multiple dishes outdoors and make sure the food stays piping hot. Look for one-pot recipe ideas. A Dutch Oven or pressure cooker will keep your food nice and hot as it is served.
While shopping for items that require refrigeration after opening, look for smaller packages or jars and buy several of each. You may be able to consume an entire package or jar during one meal. If not, the smaller item will fit easier in the cooler.

Spread the extra condiments among the vehicles. If something happens to one vehicle, you will still have supplies for the group.

Avoid glass jars and bottles. There�s too great a risk of breakage while traveling on rough roads. (Plus, glass beverage bottles are prohibited on many public lands.) Look for products the come in plastic containers or squeeze bottles.

Consider ingredients that don�t require refrigeration (at least until opened). These include evaporated milk, Velveeta cheese, and others. It may require some ingenuity in substituting ingredients in the recipe, but that can be fun, too!
See if you can eliminate extra preparation equipment like bowls, pans, and such. For example, can you mix the cake batter in the same pan you are going to cook it in? Can the noodles be boiled in the same pan you are going to use to prepare the final dish?
Re-package items at home to eliminate bulk and trash. Measure out and take only the amount of ingredients you need for the recipes. For example, the one cup of rice you need can be stored in a ZipLoc bag. Leave the box at home.

Another example: Measure three cups of Bisquick into a Ziploc bag, put one cup of sugar in another Ziploc bag with 1 and � teaspoons of cinnamon and put that Ziploc inside the Bisquick Ziploc bag along with a Ziploc bag containing 6 oz. of Crisco. Now you have all the dry ingredients for a peach cobbler in one package. You can reuse any of the Ziploc bags for trash after the meal.

For each item, we take along only what�s needed during the trip. No need to pack the all the containers for each ingredient.

Preparing a �home-cooked� meal outdoors is fun and very satisfying. With each family contributing a recipe, your group can look forward to feasting on a variety of great meals.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Keep Your Kids Safe While 4 Wheeling

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September & October Schedule

It is almost time to get back to the Desert. We have a number of trips scheduled in October.

Death Valley
Mojave road
Barstow to Vegas

And a cadre of training clinics in September to get ready for the adventures.

Getting Started
Advanced Beginner
Rocks
Sand
Winch

We are close to posting the entire 2012 schedule. It should be available on the web site in September. There will be a new weekend GPS adventure in January and a the Wilderness Advanced First Aid Clinic in June. If you have other requests for training or adventures to consider for next year, let us know.

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic September 10

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Advanced Beginner Clinic September 11

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Rocks Clinic September 17

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Sand Clinic September 24

A number of you could not make the last Sand Driving Clinic, so we have scheduled another one for September 24th. Put it on your calendar and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...
Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

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Winch Clinic September 25

This one day clinic starts with the basics. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. Let me know if you are interested. More Details...

You can register directly at Winch Registration.

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Death Valley October 7

This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive past Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with no cell service.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: Trip Details
You can register directly at Death Valley Registration

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Mojave Road October 15

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I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Keep Your Kids Safe While 4 Wheeling

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-03-14

Keep Your Kids Safe While 4 Wheeling

Four wheeling is and should be a family affair. Getting away from the rat race and enjoying the great outdoors can be some of the best times you and your family experience. Kids of all ages love to get out into the woods and open terrain.

Like any event, four wheeling presents its own set of hazards, especially for children. Kids are naturally curious, but require a bit more supervision when they�re outdoors. Here are some things to think about as you prepare to take your family on that much-needed trip to the outback.

Personal safety

One risk is that kids can get lost. Therefore, every child should have some sort of signaling device. A whistle is a good place to start. They�re small and can hang around the neck. A mini flashlight is handy, too. Life+Gear � makes a nifty gadget that is a flashlight, whistle and light stick all in one. It�s compact � about the size of penlight � and made of sturdy plastic. Consider one of those for your child. As soon as a youngster can master it, teach them their name (first and last) and their dads name. Then work on address and phone number. In this day and age, we have mixed fillings about the advantage of little kids wearing a t-shirt with their name on it vs. the risk of a stranger taking advantage of that knowledge.

Staying hydrated is important. Each child should also have his or her own supply of water. A water bottle is usually enough, but on longer hiking trips consider a larger unit. Camelback � offers some nice storage units.

Institute a buddy system when you arrive at your destination. Emphasize to the kids that they are to stick together at all times. Make sure they know where they may go and not go, and that they keep an eye on each other. Tell them what to do in the event someone gets hurt or they get lost. Blow the whistle in blasts of three and find the closet adult to tell.

FRS radios are a handy way for the kids to stay in touch with camp. Just make sure they don�t operate on the channel you assign the drivers. You don�t want them interfering with your communications while vehicles are in motion. Pick a channel for the kids, and tell them not to change it.

Their clothing must be appropriate for the area. Only closed-toed shoes (sneakers or boots) should be worn in the wild. There are too many hazards for sandals or flip flops.

Remember to pack warm clothing and jackets. The weather can change dramatically, and it�s often cool at night. Plus, you never know if a trip will finish on time. Obstacles or even a breakdown can delay your return.

Make sure your first aid kit includes medicines designed for kids - Motrin, Tylenol, epinephrine, an asthma inhaler, and such.

Driving safety

I�ve said this before, but it bears repeating: All driving rules apply off road. Everyone must be belted in, with young children in their car seats. Everyone�s hands and legs are kept inside the vehicle. Because children are especially prone to reaching out, roll up the window on that side of the car.

In fact, it�s a good idea to keep all windows rolled up at least half way. Driving through thick vegetation can result in branches and other debris � even bugs � flying inside. Plus, the vehicle can catch and bend a branch, which would snap forward if it reaches an open window.

Remember to perform a 360 degree walk-around whenever you�re about to resume your drive. Kids like to roam around and under vehicles. Remember this simple rule:

Driver In First And Out Last

Being the first one to enter a vehicle allows the driver to control it if starts to roll. Similarly, if the driver is the last one out, he�ll have the control that the passengers will not. There�s an exception to this rule when kids are present. In that situation the driver should perform a walk-around before hopping behind the wheel.

Keep kids away from the vehicle during any repair or recovery. Young ones don�t appreciate just how dangerous the winching process is. Have another adult or older child closely supervise young children during those operations. Remind your children that cars are tools, not toys.

Additional tips

Here are some additional suggestions based upon situations I�ve observed while camping and hiking.

- Make sure your tent stakes are pounded all the way in. It�s easy for someone to trip on one and possibly even fall on a tent stake. Along those lines, consider marking the tie down cords for your rain fly. Because they�re black, they can be difficult to see in low light. Tie one or two strips of light colored ribbon to each cord.

- Remind your kids of any environmental hazards that may be present. These include snakes and other critters, cacti and similar plants, water wells, and abandoned mines. Tell them to be careful about reaching into crevices or on top of rocks. A good rule of thumb is to avoid placing hands or feet where you can�t see.

- Kids need to eat on schedule. Sometimes you can�t take a break on time, so plan snacks and other meals for the kids.

- Challenging portions of the trip can be stressful for you and your children. As you approach a difficult area, ask your children to remain calm so you can concentrate. Explain what is about to happen to lessen the anxiety for everyone. Say to your kids, �Daddy needs to focus on this. It would help if you would be quiet.�

- Talk to your kids about the dangers of playing around the campfire even the next day. The coals may still be hot. Supervise them carefully whenever you�re enjoying a campfire.

- All gear must be strapped down. If you hit something hard, break hard or � worst case, roll over � the refrigerator or box of tools cold crush someone.

Spending time with your family off road creates memories everyone will cherish for a lifetime. Exercise caution, and all your memories will be good ones.

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Did you miss the previous article?

10 Axioms of 4 Wheeling

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Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
June 26
It is Over But

Over-all it was a wonderful day! The BBQ was amazing. The weather cooperated It is so awesome how much support the 4Wheelparts guys bring! Big kudos to all!!! We had a fantastic turn out with well over 1000 people and 550 to 600+ vehicles.

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Wine Safari July 23

We have two big events coming up during July and August - The Wine Safari and the Rubicon Trail. It is time to register for both events. The Wine Safari is only a weekend away and you need to start planning for the Rubicon Trail (see below).

Don't miss the Wine Safari. Click here for all details.
Our Wine Master will have a whole new bunch of bottles and some old favorites to taste. Make it a get-away weekend. Camp with us or stay in a local motel.

Register now.
http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#wine.

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Sand Clinic July 30, 2011

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for July 30st and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic Aug 6

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Advanced Beginner Clinic Aug 7

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 15- 18, 2011

We are doing the Rubicon this year! The Rubicon Trail is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the 'Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good attitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. More Details

You need to register now so you have time to prepare. Register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

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Wilderness First Responder 5 Day Course Aug 20

Wilderness Outings has announced a wilderness medicine course offering rarely available anywhere in the US: the 5 Day Wilderness First Responder. All Wilderness Outings wilderness medicine courses are instructed at Buckhorn Camp, near the town of Idyllwild, which provides a superb mountain environment in which to learn Wilderness First Responder is the gold standard of medical training for outdoor professionals or serious backcountry adventurers. Normally offered as an 8 Day course, this new 5 Day format was developed by Wilderness Medical Associates and has the same high standard of performance that you can expect from any WMA course. This new format is perfect for those who have had a similar level of medical training in the past, or for those with limited time.

The course includes an extensive Pre-Course Study process, including extensive reading assignments, case studies, completion of a Study Guide, and an online pre-course exam. This process is intended to create a didactic foundation of knowledge- the 5 Day course then focuses on skills development via practice sessions and simulations.

The 5 Day format has never been offered in the Southern California area, and is sure to be appealing to those with busy personal and professional lives.

Date: August 20-24, 2011
Location: Idyllwild, CA
Tuition: $639 (includes pre-course textbook shipping and study materials)

http://www.wildernessoutings.com/3course/wildmed.html#one

The fine print: Badlands Off-road Adventures, Inc. has no financial interest in Wilderness Outings or Wilderness Medical Associates and does not sponsor this clinic. We feel that wilderness medical skills are a valuable asset when in the outdoors and the Wilderness First Responders is an excellent class. Both organizations are top notch.

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I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

10 Axioms of 4 Wheeling

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-06-19

10 Axioms of 4 Wheeling

Four wheeling, like any other activity, has its rules and principles. During my 40-plus years in this sport, I have seen and experienced a lot. The following axioms flow from all the wisdom I have picked up from others I respect. My list is actually longer, but I trimmed it to some of the better ones.

Your instincts are wrong off-road, and you have to learn the correct ways. For example, if you�re going down the hill and the vehicle is sliding, the natural tendency is to step on the brakes. That just locks �em up and you slide more. If it�s wet and muddy, you will slide in the direction of off-camber. If you�re driving on a shelf road, you�ll go right off the edge. Learn the proper steps to take, and commit those to memory.

Clearance and traction are basic tenets for dirt and rocks. You can get these by applying the correct driving technique and by mechanical means. The Technique comes from your driving skills, as well as your ability to read lines and chart the proper course. Mechanical means includes bigger tires and suspension to lift the body up. Traction is gained through better tires, lockers in the axels, and by airing down. Learn to drive without upgrading the vehicle with mechanical aids. You will develop better technical skills and improve your ability to pick lines.

4 Wheeling is a game of inches. Four wheeling by design involves driving over difficult trails. That�s part of the fun. Even so, we try to minimize the hazards. As you view the trail ahead, pick a route that is most likely to afford traction for all four wheels. A lot of times moving just a few inches in one direction makes all the difference of keeping traction on all wheels.

Momentum and floatation are the basic tenets for soft surfaces like sand and mud. Use steady momentum to carry you through soft surfaces. Too often drivers hit the gas too hard or at the wrong time, and they end up stuck. Airing down produces a larger footprint for each tire. This spreads the weight over a larger area so you have less weight per square inch. Combined with the proper momentum and driving techniques, this provides the �floatation� we need for soft surfaces.

It�s a game of pounds (PSI) too. We air down considerably to drive off road. When you�re in the 10 -12 psi range, being off by 1 psi can make all the difference when you�re going through soft surfaces like sand, mud and snow. Make sure your pressure is just right.

Spinning wheels get you in trouble. If you no longer have forward progress and you start to spin your wheels, several things can happen.
- If you�re in a situation that�s a little off camber, you�ll drift. You can drift into a much more difficult situation.
- If you�re on soft material, like mud or sand, you�ll bury it.
- On firm ground the vehicle can literally start jumping up and down placing tremendous destructive forces on the drive train each time the wheels come down.

The more remote and more difficult the trail, the more prepared you need to be. For an easy trail near town on a Saturday with your buddies, you might get by without spares. Do the same on the Rubicon and it could be a day out to purchase parts and a day back before you can start your repairs. BTW, consider helicopter insurance from CALSTAR.org next time you do the Rubicon. And remember the 7 P's - Proper Prior Planning Prevents Pathetically Poor Performance

10 MPH is fast off-road. We are not racing and over 10 MPH is fast. When you are going fast off-road do not hit the small 5" / 6" (or bigger for that matter) rocks embedded in the wash when aired down. You can cut the sidewalls on both tires on the same side before you are able to stop. Avoid them or slow down and ease over.

Chaos reigns when someone gets stuck. Everybody has an idea of how to get the driver unstuck - the quicker the better. And everybody tries to help without a plan. That is counterproductive and can be dangerous. Put one person in charge and hold a recovery meeting to plan your strategy. Remember slow is smooth, and smooth is fast.

Expect delays on any run. The more vehicles you have, the more likely something is to happen: breakdowns, someone gets stuck or blows a tire bead, riders need bathroom breaks. Assume your trip won�t stay 100% on schedule, so don�t get all wigged out when there is a delay. But groups are not bad. There is safety in numbers.

There is an exception to every rule!
I couldn't resist adding one more axiom. Sometimes you have to break the rules - like when your life is in danger. Sometimes you break the rule just because - like going alone. The point is there are exceptions but your level of caution needs to go way, way up.

Even though I list 11 axioms here, which are considered self-evident and assumed to be true, the sport of 4-wheeling has in addition dozens, even hundreds of rules designed to make you a better driver and to keep you safe. If you hear of others, and they really strike a chord with you, add them to your list.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Use a Checklist for Every Outing

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Wilderness First Responder 5 Day Course

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Free Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
June 26

Don't forget to join us in Hungry Valley SVRA on Sunday June 26th for the FREE customer appreciation event. We have teamed up with 5 of the local 4 Wheel Parts Stores (they are bringing raffle prizes and food). More details are posted on the web site. www.4x4training.com/Adventures/CustAppr.html

You are all invited June 26th! Everyone must register so we have enough food on hand - This is big! www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Cust

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Getting Started Off-road driving Clinic July 16

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Advanced Beginner Clinic July 17

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Wine Safari July 23

We have two big events coming up during July and August - The Wine Safari and the Rubicon Trail. It is time to register for both events. The Wine Safari is only a few weekends away and you need to start planning for the Rubicon Trail (see below).

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Sand Clinic July 30, 2011

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 15- 18, 2011

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I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures,Inc.
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Use a checklist for Every Outing

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-05-17

Use a checklist for Every Outing

Every have one of those trips when, after arriving at the campsite and unpacking, you realize you forgot something important? You smack yourself along the side of your head and say, �Jeez. How could I forget that??!!�

It happens to everyone at some point. Even to me. That�s why many years ago I started using a checklist. I have several, but for this column I want to impress upon you the value of developing and using a checklist. One is enough, though it can be rather comprehensive. The benefits of using a checklist are very clear:

You�ll depart confident that you remembered to pack everything you were supposed to, and your packing goes quicker. A checklist brings order to your packing, so you�re not scrambling around haphazardly.

Create Your Checklist

Your checklist need not be fancy. Create a list in Word or Excel, and print it out before each trip. Having the file on your computer allows you to quickly add or change items as needed before or after each trip. That keeps you from having to develop a new list before each trip. Merely open the existing file, make any changes that come to mind, and print it out. It�s that simple.

The format is totally up to you. It can be a simple list with checkboxes before the items so you can check off each item. One page will be easier to use, so if need be, create two (or more) columns to accommodate all your items.

Group your items into categories to make it easier to review them. Some suggestions for categories include:

Vehicle Essentials (oil, tool kit, tow strap, tire repair kit, for example.)
Camping (tent, sleeping bag, pads, chair, firewood, etc.)
Reference material (trail books, emergency package, shrub and tree book, as well as paper and pencils.)
Food and food preparation (stove, grill, gas, cooler, matches, pot holder, or camp box, if most of that is in there.)
Clothes (for warm and cold weather, toiletries, medicines, etc. )
Last In (frozen food in freezer, cell phone, lap top, meds, etc. )

You get the picture. I recommend you also have a category titled Miscellaneous. This group includes a hat, extra pair of glasses or readers, extra key, cell phone charger, binoculars and so on.

Some categories could be seasonal. A Winter category, for example, might include snow shovel, snow chains, and other relevant gear.

Don't have a checklist yet? Start one by visualizing yourself in the situation. Take for example, Camping. Write the heading and list all the items you can think are needed to establish shelter and bedding for a comfortable night. Visualizing pounding in the stakes - put a hammer on the list. Are your tent stakes and poles bundled with the tent? If not, put them on the list.

Update Your List

Keep in mind that your checklist is an evolving document. During your trip, feel free to write notes in the margin if you think of items that didn�t come to mind initially. Along those lines, if you have room on the page, create a space just for notes. When you see or think of a better item to bring, write it down.

In this area you will also record supplies that need replacing. During the course of your camping trip, you may run out of salt, pepper, coffee, Band-aids, or other basics. Jot a note in the open section of your checklist. That will save you from having to dig through your supply boxes or camp box later to determine what needs replenishing.

After arriving home, pull up the file on your computer and make the necessary changes. Then your checklist is ready to go for the next trip.

Final Thoughts

The key is to use the checklist. Print it out before each trip, and review it item by item as you are packing. Don�t gloss over this step because you�ve used the list several times already. The point is to keep you from forgetting items. If you don�t pay attention to your list, you�ll forget something. Then you�ll be kicking yourself.

Another important point is that you don�t check off an item until it�s in your vehicle. All too often we see an object (perhaps in the garage) and think, �OK, it�s in.� We assume we�ll toss that into the vehicle in a moment. Well, you know what happens? Yep. We forget. Remember: Nothing gets checked off until it�s in the vehicle.

Over time a checklist will become as much a part of your supply kit as a tent and sleeping bag. You�ll become so accustomed to using a checklist that you won�t feel comfortable packing your vehicle without it. Believe me; a checklist adds tremendous peace of mind to the trip. Develop and use a checklist for your vacations.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Build a Pocket Survival Kit

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Advanced Beginner Clinic June 12

Rocks Clinic June 18

Free Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
June 26

Wine Safari July 23

Sand Clinic July 30, 2011

Rubicon Trail Adventure August 15- 18, 2011

Pocket Survival Kit

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-04-21

Pocket Survival Kit

The devastating earthquakes and tsunamis that hit Japan have many people thinking about survival techniques. Especially here in California, where we�re constantly wondering when the Big One will hit. I�ve discussed various aspects of survival in other columns, including Your Gear Is Not Complete Without An Emergency Packet! and Get Layered Before The Big One Hits

Reading those you�ll notice that we discuss preparedness on a larger scale. That is, we start on the outside and work our way literally closer to your body.

In this column we�ll discuss survival at the micro level: creating a survival kit that you can tuck in a shirt or pants pocket.

You can never be too prepared nowadays. You may not face an earthquake and tsunami where you live, but other types of disasters can hit. Tornadoes, blizzards, severe storms; even civil unrest can cause a disruption. Are you prepared to go it alone for a few hours or longer? Because I spend so much time off road, I have multiple survival kits, including stuff I carry in a pocket. This column will show you how to create a viable pocket-sized survival kit. Take the time to build one. It could save your life someday.

The first challenge we notice is finding the proper container. As you know, pockets aren�t very big. Yet we still want to pack a lot of useful items in this survival kit. You�ll want something that�s roughly 3� x 5� and no more than about 1� deep. I like Altoids� boxes, but they�re rather shallow. Metal is better than plastic, as you�ll see in a moment. If you decide to go with plastic, take a look at the line of Pelican micro cases. They are easier to acquire and are water tight.

What do you include? Here is where we review the basic components. A good survival kit includes matches, a flashlight, water, whistle, map and compass, knife, 1st aid kit, extra food and extra clothing. Some people like to add a water container, paper and pencil, and toilet paper.

As you can see, we won�t be able to fit all of that in a pocket-sized kit. So let�s zero in on the truly essential items. By examining the most crucial needs of survival, we can see which items have to be in our kit. Then it�s a matter of determining quantity and/or size to fit the limited space.

Fire. Crucial for providing heat, cooking food, and as a signaling device via the smoke. Matches are great, but store them in a watertight container or get Storm Matches that are individually waterproof. A Butane lighter is also OK. Just make sure it�s full or nearly full. You never know how many times you�ll need to use it. I like Fire Lite. They offer a mini version that�s rated to 5,000 strikes. You want 3 ways to make fire, if possible.
Signaling. A small whistle will do the trick. Many are surprisingly loud, and the shrill tone cuts through most background noise. Another way to signal involves using the box to reflect light. This is why I don�t recommend using a plastic container. Make sure at least one side of the container is unpainted. The bare metal will reflect far better.
Navigation. A button compass is sufficient. Don�t bother with maps. You�ll never know where you�ll be when you get stuck. No point in trying to guess. Plus, you just don�t have room.
Water. Another critical component; even more important than food. Of course, you won�t pack water in your pocket kit. Here, we�re interested in a container to carry water you may find. A gallon-sized plastic bag is sufficient. To save space we will use the Reynolds Oven Bags cut down a bit. Include about 20 water purification tablets. They�ll probably get crushed over time, but will still work. We cut out the instructions for purification and included it in the bottom of the box.
Cutting tool. You�ll need some way to cut material. A multi-purpose knife would be too large. Consider adding a cable saw to your kit. They come in numerous sizes, and can be used to cut branches and other material.
Tinder. Tender Quick Fire Tabs work well. You can buy additional packets at most camping outlets. You can use them to fill in the voids in the tin. If you want a cheap alternative, cotton balls embedded with Vaseline are great. Just a fingertip�s worth of jelly worked into the cotton is sufficient. Create three or four, and wrap in plastic. These will ignite any kindling or other material you use for your fire.
Flashlight. Nite-Lze is a single LED designed to put on your jacket zipper so it fits nicely into the pocket kit. Photon Micro-Light II is another small LED.
Something to write with. Space permitting, include a chunk of pencil and a couple scraps of paper. Those can also be used to place markers along your path in the event you leave your vehicle, which is not recommended.
Extra string. An all-purpose tool, you should always have some string handy. Make it fishing line, add a few split shot sinkers, a few hooks and you can use it to fish or build a shelter. For something more substantial, grab about 10� of parachute cord. To save space, we�ll wrap it around the box. I left the ends out in the picture so you can see how I wrapped it.
If you have any space left, toss in a couple Band-Aids and perhaps 2 feet of aluminum foil to make a cup.

Wrap the seams of the Altoids box with tape. Put as many layers on as you like. You might need some tape!

Take the time to create a pocket survival kit (or two with the extra supplies). If you ever need one, you�ll be so glad you did.

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Did you miss the previous article?

What Causes Wash Board Roads?

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Advanced Beginner Clinic May 15

Winch Clinic May 21, 2011

Rocks Clinic June 18

Free Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
June 26

Rubicon Trail Adventure August 15- 18, 2011

I hope to see you on the trails!
Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Keep it Safe.
#####
If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2011, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

What Causes Wash Board Roads?

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-03-15

What Causes Wash Board Roads?

Ah, yes, another leisurely drive down a country road. You�re motoring along peacefully until suddenly bump, bump, bump, bump. Crap. You�ve hit another patch of wash board road. You know, that aggravating, teeth-jarring pattern that shakes your steering wheel and beats the bejesus out of your suspension.

�Why don�t they grade this road??!!� you yell. Well, they did some time ago. But countless cars later, the phenomenon has returned. And you get to experience the joy of riding over it.

Those annoying ripples in the road are not only irritating and tough on your vehicle. They are also hazardous at higher speeds. Special care is needed to drive on such a surface. Adding insult to injury, driving on wash board roads actually makes them worse.

What causes wash board roads

As amazing as it sounds, the wash board effect is not caused by water flowing across the surface. Wash boarding is created as vehicles drive over a surface numerous times. Dr. Keith B. Mather proved this in an experiment in 1963. He published his findings in the January 1963 issue of Scientific American.

In order to eliminate the suspension as an issue he was able to create the ripple effect by dragging a plow-like blade over sand. He determined that wash boarding occurred at speeds above 3 mph (below this speed, a deep rut was created). The principle behind it is similar to what occurs when you skip a stone over water. Each time the stone hits the water, it very briefly banks up water ahead of itself while also creating a divot-like gap behind.

As vehicles repeatedly drive over loose surfaces, any slight bump causes their tires to bank up the material ahead of the tires while simultaneously digging out behind. The result is a rippling in the road. Contrary to what you might think, driving over those ridges will not flatten them. You can minimize the effect � discussed later � but the only way to eliminate the wash board pattern is to grade the road. The pattern will return, however.

Wash boarding can occur on any loose surface. Off-road, we typically find it between the highway and the trailhead. Some areas are worse than others. Death Valley is just terrible. Ditto for many parts of Mexico.

Why wash board roads are hazardous

Beyond the simple annoyance, driving over wash board roads is dangerous and tough on the vehicle.

Many people find that driving relatively fast over the rough road helps. It does. You minimize the up and down motion of the car, but at a great risk. Understand that at higher speeds your tires are in less contact with the road as they bounce from ridge to ridge. That means only a small fraction of the tire is making contact with the road. Turning and stopping distances are reduced dramatically on an already loose surface. It�s similar to driving over a slippery surface. Add in high speeds, and you�re asking for trouble.

Your suspension, meanwhile, is taking a beating. The rapid up and down motion puts tremendous stress on the suspension and causes shocks to heat up and fail. The car may feel level to you because your suspension is taking all the abuse.

All that vibration and pounding cause bolts to loosen and parts to crack. Worn tie rod ends, worn out bushings and CV joints are possible, among other problems.

How to drive wash board roads

Most people slow down when they hit a bad patch of road in hopes of minimizing the rumbling. Unfortunately, no matter the differences in suspension, it conforms to the existing wave-like pattern and actually reinforces the wash board effect over time. Tires are packing down the soft spots and pushing dirt into the high spots. An interesting side note, Dr. Mather discovered the distance between ridges (wave length) increased directly with speed.

These suggestions will help you deal with a bad stretch of road.

Air down the tires. The softer tires will give you a better grip of the road and provide more cushion. Hard tires create wash boarding faster as well.

Put your vehicle in 4WD HI. This will help you deal with sliding and skidding. Remember what it�s like to drive in ice and snow. Wash boarding has a similar effect on the vehicle. While in 4WD HI you power up and turn into the slide a little bit. That will help you maintain control of your vehicle.

Turn off your Automatic Braking System (ABS). The conventional brakes work better in loose material.

Another possibility, though not as safe and possibly illegal, is to drive on a part of the road that doesn�t have the wash boarding. That could be the shoulder, the opposite of the road or even a berm along the side. Having even one set of wheels on a smooth surface can make a big difference, but watch for rocks, dips, and other hazards. The biggest risk is that every now and then you run out of bank and end up in a ditch. Or there�s a rock and if you don�t see it you�ll hit it pretty hard. Slow down, and watch the road carefully.

Driving on gravel roads

While we�re on the subject of gravel roads, let�s review some safety tips.

As you know, driving on any loose surface requires extra caution. You may think that because you have large, wide tires you have unlimited traction. No so. Just like with snow, gravel offers serious challenges, especially at higher speeds.

Follow these suggestions whenever you drive on gravel.

Inspect your vehicle before and after the trip for any loose parts, especially relating to the suspension system.
Slow down. Because your tires aren�t gripping as well, turning and stopping distances are greater.
If a tire gets caught in the soft low berm the grader leaves along the shoulder, you�re likely to jerk the steering wheel to compensate and end up flipping the vehicle.
Some roads have smooth, well-worn tracks down the middle. If you drive there, be alert for oncoming traffic and other hazards. Get over to your side of the road as you approach a curve or hill.

A trip out in the country can be one of the more enjoyable ways to spend an afternoon. Knowing how to drive on unpaved roads will help keep it that way.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Get a Lock on your Position: A Primer on GPS

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March 2011

OAUSA Amateur Radio Testing plus Meet & Greet March 19th; more information

Death Valley Adventure / Expedition -- March 25th to 28th; Click to register

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Death Valley

The Death Valley Adventure Starts March 25th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, drive pass Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp at the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with no cell service.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road

On April 9th we will follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. We will run it east to west just like the wagon trains going to California in the 1800's. We will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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Get a Lock on Your Position: A Primer on GPS

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-02-15

Get a Lock on Your Position: A Primer on GPS

You arrive home after a long drive, turn off the GPS receiver, and say to yourself, �Boy, am I glad I have that!� How often have you used your GPS system � whether in your vehicle or a handheld model � while going for a drive or walk?

Time was we relied on maps, memory or, in a pinch, the person behind the counter at a gas station. Now, GPS units are so cheap, many people own one, and they�re standard equipment on many vehicles.

You can find a basic handheld model for $200 to $300. Better ones, with larger, color screens, maps, and other features, average closer to $400.

But like all technology, GPS units have their limitations. Once you understand how the whole process works, you�ll better appreciate what it can and cannot do.

GPS stands for Global Positioning System. Note the last word. The unit you carry and the one in your vehicle are just one component in a complex system. To be technically accurate, your unit is a GPS receiver. It�s a multifaceted receiver, but a radio receiver nonetheless.

How GPS works

Operated by the Department of Defense, GPS relies on a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting approximately 11,900 miles up. The first satellite was launched in 1978, and the system became fully operational in 1994. Each satellite continuously transmits a series of data, which your GPS receiver uses to determine the time, your location and, in advanced models, altitude and direction of travel.

The satellites are in constant movement, making two full rotations around the planet each day.

Satellite data contains three parts:

Pseudorandom code: An I.D. code unique to that particular satellite.
Ephemeris data: Used to calculate the position of each satellite in the system.
Almanac data: Contains important information about the status of the satellite (healthy or unhealthy) and its current date and time (as determined by onboard atomic clocks).This part of the signal is essential for determining a position.

(For a really in-depth explanation of GPS, check out the page on Wikipedia.)

At any given time your GPS unit is receiving signals from four or more satellites Your GPS receiver takes that information and, using its own computer, provides the information you see on your screen. So, the more satellites it �sees� the more accurate its information will be.

The satellites transmit at relatively low power (about 50 watts) using two microwave frequencies: 1575.42 MHz (known as L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). In addition to preventing jamming, using two frequencies makes it easier for your receiver to account for ionospheric delay error.

The satellite information is sent at a fairly slow speed, around 300 baud. Your receiver needs about 25 seconds to download all the information. That�s why it takes so long to orient your unit when you power up.

As long as your GPS receiver is on, it is continuously receiving streams of data from the satellites within range. The GPS receiver compares what time it thinks it is and what time the signal was went it left the satellite (included in the data received); that difference is how far away the satellite is. Triangulating from other satellites, the receiver calculates your location.

Initially, the DoD placed limitations on the quality of the data being transmitted. Accuracy of the early receivers was about 100 meters. In 2000 the DoD removed that limitation, known as Selective Availability, so current receivers are accurate to within 15 meters (three meters for those with Wide Area Augmentation System capability).

Data on the satellites can degrade over time, so new ephemeris data is uploaded on a daily basis (less frequently for the almanac data).

Limitations of the Global Positioning System

Despite the relatively high-tech nature of the system, GPS has its limitations. And it�s those limitations that cause the inaccuracies you often see.

As mentioned above, your receiver relies on signals sent from satellites in constant motion. As such, anything that affects the signal to ground will affect the information displayed on your screen. Such factors include:

Ionosphere and troposphere delays

The satellite signal slows as it passes through the atmosphere. The GPS receiver uses a built-in algorithm to partially correct for this type of error.

Signal multipath

This occurs when the GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings or large rock surfaces before it reaches the receiver. This increases the travel time of the signal, thereby causing errors.

Receiver clock errors

A receiver's built-in clock is not as accurate as the atomic clocks onboard the GPS satellites.

Orbital errors

Also known as ephemeris errors, these are inaccuracies of the satellite's reported location.

Number of satellites visible

The more satellites a GPS receiver can "see," the better the accuracy. Buildings, terrain, electronic interference, or sometimes even dense foliage can block signal reception, causing position errors or possibly no position reading at all. Also, GPS units typically will not operate indoors, underwater or underground.

Satellite geometry/shading

This refers to the relative position of the satellites at any given time. Ideal satellite geometry exists when the satellites are located at wide angles relative to each other. Poor geometry results when the satellites are located in a line or in a tight grouping.

What�s the bottom line? A one-microsecond delay in receiving a signal can cause an error of 300 meters. That�s a lot!

Looking ahead with GPS

A whole new generation of satellites is expected in orbit after 2013. They will feature beam antennas to boost effective power and an enhanced civilian signal structure. Expect to see search and rescue capabilities through use of beacon signals triggered by the receiver. Overall, acquisition time and accuracy should improve, as well. It is believed that the new system, scheduled to be in place by 2020 or 2021. What that means for today�s receivers is anyone�s guess but expect to buy a new receiver to take advantages of the new capabilities.

Regardless of what happens with GPS, you should keep traditional methods at hand. Those include a topo map and compass. And, make sure you can read the map! For more on that, see "Know How To Read A Map, And You May Stay Alive" Remember to carry extra batteries for your receiver, and be careful with it. It is sensitive to drops and other hazards.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Escape to a Remote Location

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Easter Safari April 18, 2011

Sign up for Easter Safari April 18 to 22, 2011 It seems a long ways away, but all the trail rides are assigned by lottery. The submission date for the lottery is somewhere about the end of January to mid February. Most hotels, RV parks and camp grounds need to be reserved this month. They are all close to being sold out.

So if you think you might want to go to the Easter Safari this year with Badlands Off-Road Adventures, you need to register soon at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#EJS.

A few pictures: http://4x4training.com/images/Moab/Moabpicture.html

Check out http://4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#EJS

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March 2011

Attend Tierra Del Sol (TDS) -- March 5; register at http://www.tds4x4.com/

OAUSA Amateur Radio Testing plus Meet & Greet March 19th; more information

Death Valley Adventure / Expedition -- March 25th to 28th; Click to register

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Sand Clinic February 19, 2011

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for February 19th and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Winch Clinic February 26, 2011

This one day clinic starts with the basics. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. It is held near Mojave, CA. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

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Death Valley

Mojave Road

Escape to a Remote Location

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2011-01-13

Escape to a Remote Location

When we four-wheelers decide to get away, we often think, �Boy, it would be nice to go someplace remote.� That is, get away from it all, escape the rat race, and all that. But, what does �remote� really mean? Is there just one definition? Or, might it mean something different for each person?

At the risk of sounding too philosophical � I think it�s worthy of some discussion. What is �remote,� and what does it mean for you as you consider traveling to such a location?

During a recent class, I surveyed the group about what they valued in the outdoors. The number one quality was solitude: Enjoying the peace and quiet found in the open spaces. Spending quality time with friends and family was also high on the list.

How far do you need to go? Some folks are content to be just outside a developed area. Someplace where they can get away from the noise but yet be a short drive to civilization. Others prefer to drive several hours or more from the nearest services. Some people are content to bring along the creature comforts of home (think heaters, refrigerators, CD/DVD players). Others prefer to have nothing come between them and Mother Nature.

Paul May, owner of Equipt Expedition Outfitters www.equipt1.com in Salt Lake City, says �remote to me is to travel where others seldom do, whether that is by distance or difficulty."

He considers these to be among some of the remote locations:

NPS262 � The Bench Road
Hole in the Rock Road
Hole in the Rock Trail

Those are good suggestions. When I think of remote places, I imagine the Rubicon Trail, the north rim of the Grand Canyon, and many areas of Death Valley National Park (aka Saline Valley). (Yes, all these places are in the Lower 48. I understand that vast chunks of Alaska and Canada are really remote. Just haven�t been there.)

While getting away from it all may sound attractive, remember that such places are inherently hazardous. Chief among these is that help could be hours away. You not only are a long distance from a major city, but you could be out of communication range, as well. A fellow driver may need to travel a great distance just to make a call.

Weather is often an issue. It can be too hot or too cold at times. A blizzard or storm can roll in unexpectedly. You also need to watch out for bugs and critters. In the desert, the cacti can be surprisingly nasty. See �Prickly Things In The Desert Can Put A Hole In Your Plans.�

Should you avoid remote areas? Of course not. Just plan accordingly. Pack your vehicle properly. Make sure you have first aid supplies � take a first responder�s course, if possible � and make sure you have sufficient supplies � in both quantity and type.

Take along extra communication gear. This can include a satellite phone and ham radio gear, in addition to your cell phone. Always � and I mean ALWAYS � travel with others. Never travel to a remote area alone. Having that extra vehicle, and the other riders, can literally be a life saver.

How do you define remote? It doesn�t matter. What�s important is that you and your friends enjoy your trip and return with only good memories.

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Did you miss the previous article?

How to Survive in Your Vehicle Stuck in Snow.

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Easter Safari April 18, 2011

Wilderness First Aid Course Jan 29 & 30, 2011

There are a few more slots left for this clinic. If you sign up by Jan 17th, we will be able to give you your certifications on site ( assuming you pass the test!). You can still sign up after Jan 17, we will mail you your cards and certificates. Because we feel this knowledge is extremely valuable if you travel into wilderness areas and outside the 911 EMS areas, we prefer that no slot goes unused.

Note - this is a two day class and you must be at least 18 years old. If you are interested follow these links.

More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

Note: Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc. is the sponsor for the Wilderness Medical Associates' WFA course using WMA certified instructors.
http://www.wildmed.com/

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February 2011

In February you can catch up on your driving skills. We have 3 of our more popular advanced classes scheduled this month.

Basics of Rock Crawling -- February 5
Driving on Sand and Sand Dunes -- February 19
Basic & Advanced Winching Techniques and Safety -- February 26

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March 2011

Attend Tierra Del Sol (TDS) -- March 5; register at http://www.tds4x4.com/
Death Valley Adventure / Expedition -- March 25th to 28th; Click to register

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Rocks Clinic February 05, 2011

The February Class will be in Johnson Valley. This is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take out time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

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Sand Clinic February 19, 2011

Winch Clinic February 26, 2011

How to Survive in Your Vehicle Stuck in Snow

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-12-15

How to Survive in Your Vehicle Stuck in Snow

Photo by Snoopy

Winter has arrived in many parts of the country, and that means a hazardous situation awaits you nearly every time you get behind the wheel. You may know how to drive in snow, but do you know what to do if you were stuck in snow?

Recently, drivers on I-90 near Buffalo, N.Y., were trapped for up to 12 hours when a massive blizzard hit the area. Some cars were literally buried in snow. If you were caught in a situation like that, would you know how to handle yourself?

You don�t have to be out in the country to encounter a hazardous situation. You can get socked in while driving home from work one day. If you�re stuck, you can bet that hundreds of other motorists are, as well. Help could be hours away.

Every situation is unique, but the following guidelines apply in all situations, and could save your life. I highly recommend you copy this article to your laptop or other device. You�re likely to have that with you, but you may not have access to the Internet. A PDF copy is available here.

Prepare for winter driving

�Safety is no accident,� as the old saying goes. We discussed that before in 10 Safety Rules For Off-Road Driving and in a related column, Your Gear Is Not Complete Without An Emergency Packet! Winter presents its own set of hazards, which require additional preparation. It starts with a survival kit. Make sure yours includes at least some of these items.

More of a collection of items, a winter survival kit includes extra food and clothing, items to help you prepare food or water, signaling/communications gear, and some means to free yourself.

Food should be dry, packaged goods that have a long shelf life. These include granola bars, snack mix/trail mix, canned nuts, graham crackers, and hard candy. Thick canned food, like ravioli, may be added. Avoid soups as the can may freeze and burst. For a few extra dollars you can add military style MRE (Meals Ready to Eat) available on line and at military surplus stores.

Make sure the packages and cans are easy to open. It�s unlikely you�ll have a can opener or scissors with you.

Extra clothing can include boots, gloves, a blanket or sleeping bag, and a hat. This stuff can be bulky, so choose wisely. I pack a Thinsulate� sleeping bag. It�s warm but thin, and compresses into a nice, small size (more likely to still be in the vehicle when I need it).

It�s easy to get dehydrated in the winter, so you should carry some liquids. Even if you normally carry a water bottle, be prepared to produce water by melting snow. (Avoid eating snow, as that will lower your body temperature.) Pack an empty soup or coffee can along with a small stove or burner.

Jetboil� offers a line of nifty mini cookers. They work great with food, as well.

If you become stuck, you�re likely to reach for your cell phone. Keep an extra battery pack or the cord for tapping into the car�s cigarette lighter. You should also keep some fresh flashlight batteries.

Pack a red or orange flag that you can attach to your antenna. That will help rescuers spot your vehicle. (If you don�t have a flag, a large piece of fabric will work.) A small shovel can come in handy, also. Buy the kind with a curved blade and collapsible handle.

Ham and CB radio equipment can be very useful, especially when you�re outside of cell range. If possible, take along some radio gear (but remember that ham radio requires a license). Flares are useful, too, especially at night. Have one or two in your vehicle.

Consider packing small pieces of carpet or a set of Sand Ladders. Also, being stuck can be boring. Have some reading material or puzzle books with you to pass the time. Speaking of reading material, newspapers and magazines can be used for body insulation.

Get in the habit of keeping your gas tank at least half full. You�ll need the fuel to run your engine on occasion. More on that later.

Another �item� you can pack is awareness. It�s easy to get distracted or start daydreaming while behind the wheel. Memorize mile markers or street/highway signs as you pass by. You�ll help rescuers immensely if you can tell dispatch where you are. A GPS is useful to pin point your location.

What to do if you�re stuck

If you�re ever stuck in a blizzard, follow these suggestions.

Try not to panic. You�ll need a clear head to work yourself through this situation. Maintain your composure, and calm down your passengers as needed.
Stay with your vehicle. It�s a lot easier to spot from a distance. Leaving your vehicle, and the comfort and protection it offers, can be dangerous. You may think you�ll be able to get help. Odds are you�ll become disoriented and freeze to death.
Attach a flag or colored piece of clothing to the antenna. This helps rescuers and lessens the possibility of being hit by another driver.
Run the engine only 10 � 15 minutes each hour. Sure, you want to stay warm, but you need to conserve your gas. Also, the less often you run your engine, the less chance for lethal levels of carbon monoxide to build up.
Crack a window on the downwind side (leeward side) of the car. That air will be chilly, but it�ll also be clean.
Clear the exhaust pipe periodically.
If you decide to dig yourself out, start on the leeward side of the car. Don�t exert yourself, because you need to minimize sweating. Getting damp and cold can be deadly. Brush off the snow before reentering your vehicle.
As a last resort, burn your spare tire. The smoke (or fire) will be visible for miles.

Being stuck in a snowstorm can be a terrifying experience. With the proper preparation and response, you can enhance your chances of surviving and being rescued.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Hold a Drivers' Meeting Before Each Trip.

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Wilderness First Aid Course Jan 29 & 30, 2011

The Wilderness First Aid course is a go for January! There are still a number of open seats if you want to attend. Because we feel this knowledge is extremely valuable if you travel into wilderness areas and outside the 911 EMS areas, we prefer that no slot goes unused.

Note - this is a two day class and you must be at least 18 years old. If you are interested follow these links.

More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

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February 2011

In February you can catch up on your driving skills. We have 3 of our more popular advanced classes scheduled this month.

Basics of Rock Crawling -- February 5
Driving on Sand and Sand Dunes -- February 19
Basic & Advanced Winching Techniques and Safety -- February 26

Visit the schedule to register.

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Trasharoo Tips

Some Tips and Tricks for The 'Roo owners out there from the Roo Man himself.
Got more tips? Send them to me at tom@4x4training.com .

Tips

No need to ever take it off.
Spray it down after the trip to wash it.
Line 'Roo with 30 gal bag for ease of dumping
Store extra bags in top compartment
Store propane tanks in side pockets
Watch youtube on How to tighten belts

What can you store in a 'Roo?

Small load of firewood
4-5 sleeping bags
Groceries
Charcoal
Dirty Diapers
the list goes on.

What should you never store in the 'Roo?

Fuel
Bricks
anything heavy that could rip through and hurt someone on the road behind you.

their web site:
WWW.trasharoo.com

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Hold a Drivers' Meeting Before Each Trip

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-11-17

Photo by Jim Weary

Good communication can make or break a trip. It's crucial that the message is understood as intended. The more individuals involved in a trip and the more often you change plans, the more opportunity for confusion.

As trail leader, you should establish routine procedures to ensure your guests understand what you are trying to communicate. This applies whether you are discussing matters face-to-face, over the radio, or by hand signals. At a minimum, being misunderstood can be annoying or an inconvenience. At worst, it can have deadly consequences.

Even though written communication is great, an in-person meeting is a necessary follow up. Participants have a chance to ask questions, and you receive important feedback. These take place during a drivers� meeting.

Held at the beginning of your trip and whenever needed during the trip, a drivers� meeting covers all the important aspects, including:

Your plan and map. Lay out a map and identify the route. Let everyone know the goal for the day, including sightseeing stops, obstacles ahead, side trips, hikes, and the intended location of camp for the night. Add anything else that is appropriate. Your guests will enjoy the trip more knowing what to expect.

The �rules of the road� as they apply to where you are going. Be sure to cover any new rules that may apply later in the day as your course changes.

Safety rules. I have five general ones. There are: inspect your vehicle before and after each trip; always wear seatbelts; apply the emergency brake whenever the vehicle is parked; avoid hanging on a vehicle that is stuck or being recovered; and no drinking alcohol during the day. You may think up other rules; feel free to add to this list.

Caravan rules. Remind drivers that they are responsible for the trailing vehicle. After clearing an obstacle or fork in the road, look back to make sure the other vehicle is still following and hasn�t got stuck or lost. Wait for your turn on difficult obstacles, and keep up but don�t tailgate.

Spotting procedures. Review the hand signals you intend to use that day. Make sure your spotter understands the signals.

Radio procedures. Discuss the radio system and frequency or channel to be used. Verify that everyone has that capability. Have each driver test his equipment before starting the trip and after any long breaks.

Medical risks. Review any hazards you may encounter along the route. These can include plants and animals, as well as weather-related issues such as heatstroke and sunburn.

Environmental concerns. Make sure your drivers know how to clean up after themselves, dispose of hazardous liquids, and otherwise take good care of the environment. Impress upon them that what they take in must be brought out.

Tread lightly issues. Four-wheeling often occurs in sensitive areas. Remind drivers to stay on designated trails and to avoid disturbing plants and animals.

Fire safety. Campfires and other open flames must be handled carefully, especially in dry areas. Drivers must be careful with matches and smoking materials, as well.

A checklist is very useful for your drivers� meeting. You can create your own from the points above and modify it to suit your particular trip. Don�t short change your drivers meeting and your trip will flow much smoother!

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Notes

Got Desert ID?

Last year Russ Rogers lost a good friend, Mike Roack. Mike had his ID on him, but no one knew where he was camped, or who to call. This scary situation prompted Russ and his wife Valerie to come up with a new program called: Got Desert I.D.? As the desert season starts up again, it is worth a reminder of this valuable program. The Desert IDs are in heavy vinyl pouches that can be simply zip tied in plain sight to any vehicle. In addition to the usual stuff (name, age, medical alert info and contact person) the form has a place to write your camp site location or GPS.
You can find order information and cost at this URL: http://www.gotdesertid.com/about.html

Let Someone Know Where You are Going

While we are on the subject, check out Trailnote.com. This is a digital version of the post it note, you leave with a friend to say where you are going and when to expect you back.
Here is the URL but for future reference notice that it is trailnote (no s in note) and not trailnotes: http://trailnote.com/

S&S Magazine

I meet Sherri Kukla the editor of S&S Magazine quite Serendipitously less than a year ago and have been receiving the magazine ever since. The magazine is packed full with off-road events of every type in Southern California. It has interesting articles of course, but my favorite part is the ads from local companies you never heard of before with great stuff. The annual subscription is only $16.
Send Sherri an email at editor@ss-offroadmagazine.com. If you tell her you, in the email, you hear about the magazine from Badlands Off-Road Adventures, she will start a free 3 month subscription for you. Make sure you include your mailing address and name.

You can also subscribe on line at:
www.ss-offroadmagazine.com
P.O. Box 845 - Borrego Springs CA 92004
S&S Off Road Magazine has been published BY off roaders, FOR off roaders since 1982!

Basic to Advanced Winching DVD

Order a copy of our winching DVD and save yourself!
http://www.4x4training.com/Products/WinchDVD.html

BTW, we are looking for dealers and have a sweet margin available for stocking dealers.

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Did you miss the previous article?

Break Camp Fast And Easy

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Wilderness First Aid Course Jan 29 & 30, 2011

I feel that Wilderness First Aid is very important and have scheduled a Class for January next year. But, we need at least 12 people to sign up by December 12th to make it a go! A number of people sent me an email indicating they would be interested. We need everyone to send in their registration now and we need about 6 additional. So if you are interested follow these links. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

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NEW: T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

Be the first to go on this trip with me and debug it for the next group!
Our goal is to cross through Johnson Valley, enjoying what it has to offer, and making our way North along the old Tonopah & Tidewater (T&T) Rail Road bed to the Rasor OHV, Afton Canyon and the western edge of the Mojave Preserve. On the way we will skirt the Rodman Mountain Wilderness and cross I-40. This adventure is 2 days of scenic, historical, light wheeling and a night (2 if you prefer) of primitive camping under the stars. We can plan a Dutch Oven pot luck for our evening meal.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/TTRailroad.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TTRailroad

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Winch Clinic December 12, 2010

This one day clinic starts with the basics but goes way beyond. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. The course covers: safety related issues, basic operation of the winch, simple and complex riggings, stuck assessment, winch capability, and minimizing environmental impact. This is a hands on class. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

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2011 Schedule

The event schedule for 2011 is now on the web site.
Thank you to those who brought a few date errors to my attention.

Break Camp Fast And Easy

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-10-19

A lot of trips involve moving camp each day. Those trips require a bit more planning when you�re a part of a group. It�s critical that you organize your gear and coordinate your activities so that you�re ready to go when the rest of the group is. Doing so ensures your day goes according to plan, and that everyone arrives in camp that night as scheduled.

In an earlier column, Respect Your Teammates. Arrive Prepared , I discussed the importance of being a team player while off road. A key component of that entails packing your vehicle so that setting up and breaking down camp proceed as efficiently as possible. Because everyone�s situation is unique, I can�t offer specifics on what and how to pack. That comes from experience. But we can review some important concepts.

My first bit of advice is, bring less stuff. It always amazes me how much people try to pack in and on their vehicles. Many items are rarely used and seem to be more creature comforts. Gear and other items that have multiple uses are more valuable than a single-use item. Focus on them.

Pack your gear in reverse order. Items you�ll need first should be packed LAST. Plus, organize your vehicle so everything goes in the same place each time. Once you develop a pattern, you�re less likely to forget something, and packing goes much faster. That�s important when you�re breaking camp in the morning.

Organize your gear by frequency of use. Recovery gear, winch, and other stuff that doesn�t get used much can be boxed together and tucked away. Don�t put your hatchet in there, because you�re likely to need it.

Water jugs are always cumbersome. You need water to douse your campfire, so store at least one jug where you can get to it after packing your vehicle. A good place is just inside the back hatch. Since hygiene is very important when camping, having the water jug right there also encourages more frequent hand washing. The rest of your water jugs should be packed to distribute the weight.

After arriving, set up your camp with an eye toward a fast departure in the morning. You may have only an hour or two to break camp. The more efficiently you pack, and the faster you move in the morning, the less likely you are to hold up the group. That shows respect.

Here are some additional tips:

Multitask. Roll up a sleeping bag while waiting for the coffee to brew, for example.
Take out of the vehicle only the items you need to use. And put �em back right away when you�re done.
Don�t leave anything outside over night. First, the item is already packed, and second, it doesn�t get wet, lost, or damaged. Plus, you won�t be (or shouldn�t be) bothered by coyotes, burros, or vagrants.
Complete some tasks at night, such as fueling up and cutting veggies for omelets.
Prioritize your morning tasks: packing, eating breakfast, checking oil, and taking care of bathroom duties.
Lastly, put the group�s need to depart on time ahead of your desires. Roll up the tent wet, for example, instead of making everyone wait for it to dry. (But remember to dry it later!)

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

Take a Wilderness First Aid Course

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Wilderness First Aid Course Jan 29 & 30, 2011

I feel that Wilderness First Aid is very important and have scheduled a Class for January next year. But, we need at least 12 people to sign up by December 12th to make it a go! A number of people sent me an email indicating they would be interested. We need everyone to register and we need about 6 additional. So if you are interested follow these links. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

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Mojave Road October 30

There is still time to sign up for this one.

On October 30th we will follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. This time we will run it west to east just like the old miners going to the gold fields near the Colorado River. We will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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NEW: T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

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Winch Clinic December 12, 2010

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2011 Schedule

The event schedule for 2011 is now on the web site.
Thank you to those who brought a few date errors to my attention.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

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If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

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Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2010, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Take a Wilderness First Aid Course

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-09-16

One of the last things you consider while preparing for a trip is an accident. After all, who wants to think about something bad? Unfortunately, accidents can happen any where and at any time. In my 40-plus years of four-wheeling, I�ve taken many courses, including those to become a Sworn Wildlife Conservation Officer for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

One of the more valuable courses I�ve taken is a wilderness first responder course. It�s geared toward folks like me who want to become certified first responders, but it offers a lot of good information for the average driver, as well. In my opinion everyone should take this class. Even if you never expect to be in a wilderness context, it is well worth the effort.

�But, I have a first aid kit in my vehicle,� you say. Great. Do you know how to use all the materials properly? More importantly, do you know how to handle serious injuries, such as:

Serious bleeding
Traumatic brain injury
Possible spine damage
Ankle sprains and strains
Broken bones
Heat exhaustion and stroke
Asthma
Bee sting creating Anaphylaxis

A wilderness first responder class takes a �system of the body approach.� You study cause and effect, and avoid a lot of rote memorization. That�s a much better way to learn.

One part teaches that there are only three things that cause death after any accident or illness. You are taught to focus on them and take appropriate action.

It�s a very intense course requiring a lot of commitment, but the benefit is great. Knowing that you can respond appropriately to nearly any injury allows you to go outdoors with confidence. Keep in mind that you don�t have to be in a wilderness area � defined as being more than two hours from definitive care � to face such an emergency.

I�d like to offer such a course, but need some idea of how many people would sign up. It will run two days, and include classroom instruction as well as outdoor mock-up/drills. Among other things, you�ll learn when you can walk/ carry / drive your patient out or if you need to send up the �big balloon� and have every available resource respond. The cost for the clinic will be $275 person.

If you are interested in such a program, please let me know. You can send an email via tom@4x4training.com. You can also sign up using the links in the section below.

Safety is no accident, as the old saying goes. Despite the best preparation, accidents can occur outdoors. Sometimes they are serious. If you are serious about being prepared, our wilderness first responder course is for you.

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

Keep Your Fridge Freeze Clean

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2011 Schedule

The event schedule for 2011 is now on the web site.

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Wilderness First Aid Course Jan 29 & 30, 2011

As mentioned in the article above, I feel that Wilderness First Aid is very important and have scheduled a Class for January next year. But, we need at least 12 people to sign up by December 12th to make it a go! So if you are interested follow these links. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#WFA

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Overland Rally & Workshops September 23-26

Expeditions West and ExpeditionPortal.com are presenting another Overland Rally and Workshop.

The next event will be held at the Hollister Hills State Vehicle Recreation Area in Hollister California.

It begins on Thursday, September 23 and running through Sunday, September 26.

The Hollister event will bring overland and expedition travel enthusiasts together with a focus on all levels of vehicle-based adventure travel including 4WD and dual sport motorcycle.

The four day event will have a limited attendance '

Registrants will have the opportunity to participate in many exciting classes and discuss all aspects of Overland travel, in a casual and relaxing environment.

For more information: http://www.overlandrally.com/category/events/

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Winch Clinic October 3, 2010

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Death Valley October 8

The Death Valley Adventure starts October 8th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, visit Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp in the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Much of the trip is quite remote with no cell service.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road October 30

On October 30th we will follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. This time we will run it west to east just like the old miners going to the gold fields near the Colorado River. We will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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NEW: T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

Be the first to go on this trip with me and debug it for the next group!
Our goal is to cross through Johnson Valley, enjoying what it has to offer, and making our way North along the old Tonopah & Tidewater (T&T) Rail Road bed to the Rasor OHV, Afton Canyon and the western edge of the Mojave Preserve. On the way we will skirt the Rodman Mountain Wilderness and cross I-40. This adventure is 2 days of scenic, historical, light wheeling and a night ( 2 if you prefer) of primitive camping under the stars. We can plan a Dutch Oven pot luck for our evening meal.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/TTRailroad.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TTRailroad

Back

| Phone 310-374-8047

Keep Your Fridge Freezer Clean

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-08-11

Outdoors folks know how challenging it can be to keep food and other perishables chilled properly. You�re constantly adding ice and putting up with soggy food that fell into the big puddle at the bottom of your cooler. After each camping weekend, you turn to your better half and yell, �There�s gotta be a better way!� Thankfully, there is.

Amazing as it may sound, you can buy a refrigerator/freezer for your vehicle. Known as a fridge freezer, it�s about the size of an ice chest on steroids and runs on 12 volts. Most have dual capability with two separate power cords so they can run off 120 volts while parked near established power.

They�re called fridge freezers because they can do both. A dial lets you set the temperature to either chill or freeze. You can�t do both, like your machine at home. (Some units out there are just refrigerators. If you want to keep food frozen, make sure you buy the proper type.)

Fridge freezers are surprisingly efficient. I often run mine even when the car is parked in the garage. I usually plug it into an outlet, but a few times I let it run off the car battery. It�ll run upwards of four days before draining the battery.

I have owned an Engel brand for many years, but am quite partial to the redesigned ARB fridge freezer . The latest version incorporates all the features that are missing from the Engel. Overland Journal magazine, in its summer 2010 issue, gave the ARB its Value Award.

Like the fridge in your home, the fridge freezer must be maintained or mold will build up. That's what happened with mine. As you�ll note from the photos, most of the mold occurred at the bottom. The mat was encrusted pretty well, also, and there was some mold along the seam.

What to do if you have mold

What if you have mold? Don�t panic. While the inside of your fridge may look like something out of a horror movie, you don�t need any special effects to remove it.

A rag and some hot, soapy water did the trick for me. Water with a touch of bleach is supposed to work well, but keep it away from the rubber seal. I have heard that a 50/50 mixture of vinegar and water works well in a spray bottle, too. Let it sit for 10 minutes and wipe it off.

Use an old toothbrush for mold along the seam or stubborn spot. Actually, most any softer brush will do. Avoid using a metal object like a butter knife, as you can damage the lining.

How to prevent mold build up

Mold forms where moisture and food are, so eliminate both. Double-bag meat and other juicy foods, and wipe up any leakage or spillage. As long as the inside stays dry and clean, there is little chance for mold to form.

If you�re not using the fridge, empty it, and clean it as needed. Prop the lid so the unit vents properly. Some people roll the edge of transit bag over and tuck that under the lid. On the new ARB, just push the latch in first to prevent the lid from closing completely. I often use a paint stir stick. It�s about 1/8� thick, but that�s enough to allow air to flow into the unit.

Once you return home, clean the fridge thoroughly and � assuming you won�t keep it running � leave the lid propped open. If you have problems with strong smells leave a tray of baking soda in the bottom until your next use.

Is the mold harmful? Probably not, especially in the amounts you�re likely to find in your fridge freezer. Even so, if you�re really sensitive to mold, you may want to wear a mask or (my favorite) ask someone else to clean your fridge.

Once you purchase a fridge freezer, you wonder how you got by without it. Spend a few moments on cleaning, and you�ll be assured of many happy trips outdoors.

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Did you miss the previous articles? If so, read them here

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2011 Schedule

We are working on our event schedule for 2011. Look for it on the web site late August or early September. In the meantime if you have any requests for events or training next year, send us an email.

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Rocks Clinic September 12

This is the last Rock Clinic this year. Held in Johnson Valley, this is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take our time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

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Winch Clinic October 3, 2010

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Death Valley October 8

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Mojave Road October 30

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NEW: T&T Rail Road Adventure in November

Be the first to go on this trip with me and debug it for the next group!
Our goal is to cross through Johnson Valley, enjoying what it has to offer, and making our way North along the old Tonopah & Tidewater (T&T) Rail Road bed to the Rasor OHV, Afton Canyon and the western edge of the Mojave Preserve. On the way we will skirt the Rodman Mountain Wilderness and cross I-40. This adventure is 2 days of scenic, historical, light wheeling and a night ( 2 if you prefer) of primitive camping under the stars. We can plan a Dutch Oven pot luck for our evening meal.
Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/TTRailroad.html

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#TTRailroad

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Facebook

Join us on Facebook page.

Check out the 4 minute video on the Badlands Off-Road Home page

And look at the new slide show on the home page. (Another example of our bright web master's work! For best viewing us I.E. His code is not too swift on Firefox.)

Tie Yourself In Knots

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-07-15

You�re always tying something down when you travel, especially off road. You might be storing cargo on the roof of your vehicle and/or materials inside. Securing supplies onto a trailer. Putting up a lean-to or staking down a tent. You can sometimes use a ratchet strap or rubber strap. Other times require the use of rope. That�s why it�s helpful to know how to tie certain knots.

Former Boy Scouts remember having to learn five types of knots. The square knot and double half hitch are very useful. Brush up on those if you need to. For off-road purposes, it�s helpful to learn several others as well.

I�ve been fascinated with tying knots since I was introduced to the Ashley Book of Knots as a kid. (Link to The Ashley Book of Knots). Over the years I�ve mastered a number of different types of knots, but this column will concentrate on a few that are most suited to off-road activity.

Along with the square knot and double half hitch, it�s good to know the Trucker�s knot and the rolling hitch (sometimes called the taut line hitch). I won�t describe how to make these, because you can see for yourself on the Animated Knots by Grog Web site. Check out all the amazing videos by clicking on a knot.

The Trucker�s knot is useful any time you need to cinch up the rope. A good example is when you�re securing supplies to the roof of your vehicle. You want to get that rope as taut as possible; the Trucker�s knot allows you to do that. As long as you have two points to tie down your materials, this knot works really well.

A rolling hitch knot comes in handy when you�re staking down a tent. The rope in essence becomes a guy line. After securing on both ends (the stake and the tent grommet), you tie a knot in the middle of the rope. To take up the slack, simply move the knot downward. For you Scouters, who learned the taut line as a boy, the rolling hitch is only slightly different but significantly more secure.

How much and what type of rope to buy

You don�t need much rope for most applications. My pieces tend to be 6� or 8� long. You can do a lot with those lengths. Several standard 25� packages will be enough. Your needs won�t change much from one trip to the next, so once you�ve cut a few segments, you�ll find yourself using them repeatedly. I usually carry 6 to 8 8ft ropes in a zip lock bag.

I tend to buy white nylon rope. It�s thin (usually 1/8� or 5/16�) and slippery, but is very strong so it holds up well. A lot of people like parachute cord. Stay away from clothesline. It�s made mostly of natural fiber, and just doesn�t hold up well over time. It also isn�t as strong as nylon.

The most important factor, of course, is strength. Make sure you buy the proper rope for your need. If you�re just tying stuff to your roof or doing things around camp, a thin line is sufficient. Buy thicker rope for rescues and other tasks that involve a lot of stress. Climbing rope works well for that.

Respect your rope

Make sure your load is secure, that it�s tied down. Tug on it from every direction. If there�s too much play in the load, tighten your ropes. Anything on the roof of your vehicle will undergo tremendous forces both on-road and off-road. This is a good area to use extra rope.

The Grog site mentioned above has some additional safety information on its home page. I�ll recap the major points here.

Always wear gloves when working with rope. Thin rope, especially nylon, cuts into skin easily, and rope burns are possible under the right conditions.

A knot weakens the rope by upwards of 50%. This is why you never tie a knot into ropes and straps used for recovery or any other use that puts the rope under severe stress.

Inspect your rope before each use. Replace any that is cut, worn, or damaged from heat or chemicals. Rope is really inexpensive. The few bucks you spend before your trip can save a lot of grief later on.

Rope is one of those multi-purpose items that you don�t fully appreciate until you need it. Learning � or brushing up on � some basic knots can help you take full advantage of this very useful component of off-road adventures.

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

Respect Your Teammates. Arrive Prepared.

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New BLM Rules June 25, 2010

In case you missed the announcement the BLM has issued new rules for public lands administered by the BLM California Desert District. These rules are actually called "Interim Final Supplementary Rules". While, the rules took effect at the end of June, there is a 30 day public comment period. After that you can be fined up to $1000, spend 12 months in jail, or both.

Public nudity is prohibited at all developed sites and areas and all ORV open areas

It is prohibited for a person to ride in or transport another person in or on a portion of an ORV or trailer that is not designed or intended for the transportation of passengers.

It is prohibited to use as firewood, or have in their possession, any firewood materials containing nails, screws, or other metal hardware, including, but not limited to, wood pallets and/or construction debris.

Possession of glass beverage containers is prohibited in all developed sites and areas and all ORV open areas.

It is prohibited to place into the ground any non-flexible object, such as, but not limited to, metal or wood stakes, poles, or pipes, with the exception of small tent or awning stakes, at all developed sites and areas and all ORV open areas.

It is prohibited to camp within the areas commonly known as Competition Hill Corridor and Competition Hill located within the Dumont Dunes ORV Area, as shown in the map at the entrance kiosk.

It is prohibited to reserve or save a camping space for another person at all developed sites and areas and all ORV open areas.

All persons must keep their sites free of trash and litter during the period of occupancy.

Want to read the actual details from the BLM? Follow this link and also learn the definition of Public Nudity.
http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/cdd/cdd_supplementary.html

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Wine Safari July 24

Last chance to sign up for the Wine Safari.

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Sand Clinic July 31, 2010

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for July 31 and sign up now. The next one is not until December. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 16- 19, 2010

The Rubicon Trails is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the 'Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good attitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. More Details

You need to register now so you have time to prepare. Register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

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Winching & Recovery DVD

Don't forget to order a Winching DVD - only $19.95 plus shipping and handling.

Read the press release

Order the Winching DVD!

PS - our web master is not too bright, so he used the same format to order DVD's as to register for a class. Just fill in the parts that make sense.

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Facebook

Respect Your Trailmates. Arrive Prepared.

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-06-25

Four-wheeling is often a team effort. Indeed, I always recommend that at least two vehicles go out each time. If you are part of a group, make sure to arrive fully prepared. Any deficiency causes delays � or worse � and affects the entire group.

How to prepare for your trip

Many factors go into preparing for an off-road trip, a number of which have been covered in these blog columns. (A list is included at the end of this column.) In a nutshell, being prepared means being ready to go at the trailhead or wherever your group decides to meet.
Remember this simple mantra:

Be on time with a vehicle in good working order, and have sufficient fuel, ice, and wood. Also, be prepared to help out your fellow four wheelers.

�Be on time� means just that. A few minutes late usually won�t hurt, but if you�re really late and not fully prepared, you can cause problems. Consider an off-road trip just like any other obligation. Set the alarm clock a little early, if that�s what it takes. Pack as much as you can the night before, so there�s not much to do in the morning.

Make sure your vehicle is in good working order. Adhering to a proper maintenance schedule allows you to catch a problem while it is still relatively minor. Simple steps make a big difference: Inspect your tires. Check fluid levels. Take a peek under the frame.

You shouldn�t go off-road with significant issues. When your vehicle breaks down � you know it will at some point � the problem affects everyone.

As you pack, consider carefully where you are going and how long you will be gone. The amount and type of supplies varies depending on the environment and type of trip. Clothing and bedding, for example, tend to get shortchanged. If there�s any possibility of hitting cold or rainy weather, pack accordingly.

Create and use a checklist, even if you�re a seasoned four wheeler. You�re bound to forget something, especially if you pack in a hurry.

Bring along enough food, ice and wood. And remember to top off your tank. Your trailmates may be able to help you in a pinch, but you shouldn�t rely on them. They need their supplies for the trip. Take fuel, for example. If you run dry and borrow gas from another vehicle, that driver is now in a precarious position. Will he have enough to finish the trip? You see how an oversight on your part can have dire consequences for the group.

Help each other

For a trip to be successful, everyone needs to pitch in when needed. An obvious example is when one vehicle is stuck or damaged. It�s not a happy situation by any means, but it can be a good experience. Working together as a team you learn how to manage a tough situation under difficult circumstances. You grow individually and as a group. Many heads are always better than one, as I like to say.

You can also help clean up and break camp, and do other chores. By showing your team spirit you encourage others to do the same, and you leave a good impression on your trailmates. That good impression may get you invited back, as well.

Here are some other suggestions to make your event go smoothly:

Stay up with the group; don�t get way behind. People will wonder where you are.
Don�t wander off. Say you�re in camp, and you decide to go hiking. After awhile people will wonder what happened. Tell somebody that you�re going somewhere.
Be nice, be patient, and have a sense of humor. The last point is especially helpful during breakdowns and challenging situations.
Be flexible. Things happen on the trail, and plans often change. Just go with the flow.

You see that a lot of this is just common sense. But it�s important to keep these tips in mind. Doing so will help make everyone�s experience an enjoyable one.

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

Cook Anywhere, Anytime With A Campbox

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Wine Safari July 24

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Sand Clinic July 31, 2010

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 16- 19, 2010

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Winching & Recovery DVD

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Facebook

Cook Anywhere, Anytime With a Camp Box

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-05-18

Cook Anywhere, Anytime With a Camp Box

�No soldier can fight,� the Duke of Marlborough once said, �unless he is properly fed on beef and beer.�
Many four-wheelers will raise a toast to that statement. All chuckles aside, the point is well made:
You can�t have a successful venture on an empty stomach.

A typical weekend camper probably doesn�t give much thought to food storage and preparation. Load up a propane stove or a charcoal grill, throw some grub in a cooler and canned goods in a box, and away you go. That process works well for most camping, especially in developed sites.

It�s a whole new world off-road, however. Experienced four-wheelers know they must prepare well for the trip. A fully functioning kitchen is a must. Without one, the trip could be a bust, regardless of the scenery and the climate.

The foundation of your kitchen is the camp box. Sometimes called a chuck box, the camp box contains many of the tools and non-perishable food items you�ll need. Compact and rugged, it fits neatly into your vehicle and withstands the rigors of off-road driving. When opened up, it offers just about everything you need to get started on your next meal. A camp box turns an ordinary vehicle in to a meals on wheels.

My camp box is as essential to my off-road driving as the spare tire. I purchased mine, but you can build your own. A quick internet search brings up links to numerous Web sites offering plans, including this one which offers a workbook for sale. http://www.blueskykitchen.com/Grubby_One.html

Many folks use Pelican� cases for camp boxes. Check out their large selection at www.pelican.com.

Regardless of whether you build or buy, make sure your box offers a sturdy flat work surface. On some models you can use the top. Others have a pull out shelf. Still others allow you to flip the box on its side and use the door as a work surface.

Keep in mind that your camp box isn�t just for camping. If you�re every forced to evacuate, your camp box will become a very important survival tool.

A 1610 Pelican Case

What�s in a camp box?

A camp box is as unique as its user. Still, certain essentials are found in nearly all. Those include pots and pans, plates and silverware, cups or glasses, large knives and spoons, matches or a lighter, and even a corkscrew. Add in some non-perishable food items such as coffee, tea, hot chocolate, cooking oil, flour, salt and pepper. Make sure they�re in small packages or containers. Use a separate box for larger quantities.

With the box open, this cooks has two surface levels.

As you can see in the accompanying photo, my camp box has a wide assortment of stuff in it. This assortment has worked well for me. Over time, you will find the right combination for your needs.

No need to get fancy with the dishes. In fact, many people use hand-me-downs or goodies they found at garage sales. You�re going off-road, for crying out loud. Do you really want to pack your best stuff?

How many pieces of each you need depends on the size of your family and amount of space. Many people pack for a group of four. Take a few moments to calculate your needs. You can always revise that later.

Next is a box of dry goods, condiments and related staples. These include paper towels or napkins, tin foil, cereal, and bulk quantities of various items in your camp box. Toss in a can or two of soup, tuna fish, and beef broth (if you like making soup). You may also want to include a roll of toilet paper and some handy wipes.

This box can be left in your garage. When needed, just toss it into your vehicle. Incidentally, I recommend you mark your cans with a purchase date, and rotate them every 12 months or so if not used. Canned goods actually last for years, but it�s a good idea to keep your stock relatively current. Opened boxes of cereal, crackers, and other dry food should be replaced. Bugs and critters will be in hog heaven at your expense.

A Pelican organizer for the lid is helpful.

The final container includes your perishable food items. These, naturally, stay in your refrigerator or freezer until just before departure. Pack your cooler with sufficient ice or freezer packs to last for several hours. Plan your trip so that you can get new ice on occasion.

An unintended flare up or cooking fire is always a possibility, so when preparing for a trip, remember to inspect your fire extinguisher. Is it still properly charged? Any cracked or broken parts? For more on carrying for and using a fire extinguisher, see Store And Use Your Fire Extinguisher Properly

See more helpful Tips for Your Camp Box

A properly designed camp box puts a small kitchen right at your fingertips wherever you are. The meal you prepare is so much more satisfying when you�re able to set up your camp kitchen quickly and effortlessly. If you don�t already have one, I suggest you add a camp box to your �honey-do� list.

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

2010 Easter Safari in Moab, UT

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Facebook

Badlands Off-Road Adventures now has a Facebook page.

And check out the new 4 minute video on the Badlands Off-Road Home page.

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Winch Clinic June 5, 2010

We are thinking about adding another Winch Clinic to the Schedule, if there is enough interest. We will hold it on June 5th near Mojave, CA. This one day clinic starts with the basics. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. Let me know if you are interested. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

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Free Customer Appreciation Event & trail Ride
June 20

Don't forget to join us in Hungry Valley SVRA on Sunday June 20th for the FREE customer appreciation event. We have teamed up with 5 of the local 4 Wheel Parts Stores (they are bringing raffle prizes and food). More details are posted on the web site. www.4x4training.com/Adventures/CustAppr.html

You are all invited June 20th! Everyone must register so we have enough food on hand - This is big! www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Cust

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Rocks & Spotting Clinics June 26 & 27, 2010

The June Clinics will be in Johnson Valley. This is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take out time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details on Rocks...

Register directly at
http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

Sign up for the Spotting Clinic to be held the next day in the same area. We will hone your spotting skills. More Details on Spotting...

Register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Spotting

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Wine Safari July 24

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 16- 19, 2010

The Rubicon Trails is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the 'Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good attitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

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Winching & Recovery DVD

We have a high quality Winching DVD available for $19.95.

Read the press release

Enjoy!

2010 Easter Safari in Moab, UT

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-04-08

2010 Easter Safari in Moab, UT

I had another great time at the Easter Safari in Moab, UT. The Red Rock 4-Wheelers put on another excellent event. This was the 44th year they have been doing it!

I saw a number of new products at the vendor show and grabbed some quick pictures to share with you. There are one or two products that have been released for a while but they were new to me - I somehow missed the original release.

PTO Bail Pin

But first, I saw this clever solution to keep from losing your D ring. I only snapped one shot so hopefully the concept stands out. I have not tried it on the vehicle as I prefer to carry my D rings inside the vehicle. I did test several different D rings. Rings that have a fairly large hole in the 3/4" pin were easier to make work with the bail pin. I found several D ring that required a lot of fiddling until I could close the bail. And I have one D ring, I just could not close the gap. Perhaps if I bent the 1/4 inch pin on the PTO Bail pin it would work. The only bail pins that worked are ones with a round bail as in the picture. The square bails did not have enough clearance. If you have experience with this technique, I would like to hear if it works well or if there are some down sides. These bail pins sure are useful. Someday I should put together a compilation of all the ways I have seen then used off-road!

Moses Ludel's 4WD Mechanix Magazine

I meet Moses Ludel in Moab and discovered he is publishing a new magazine. For the Jeep enthusiasts who want to understand their vehicle in greater depth, do their own modifications and field repair, this online magazine is just what you need. It is easy to read and understand Moses's articles. It is just like having a coach looking over your shoulders as you work through mechanical issues. February was the first issue and it is totally free.

As his web site says "No subscriptions, no memberships and no renewals. Each monthly issue delivers professional feature articles and pages full of technical 'Q & A.' Want facts, instructive tips and integrity? Read the only magazine written, illustrated and published by the author of the bestselling Jeep� Owner's Bible� and two Jeep� CJ Rebuilder's Manuals� from Bentley Publishers!"

Get it on line today at:
http://www.4wdmechanix.com

Quick Release Fire Extinguisher Bracket

Off Road Trail Tools has a new quick release for your fire extinguisher. The hose clamps are permanently mounted to the fire extinguisher and the base is fixed to your vehicle. Pick a location that is visible and easy to reach. Just pull the pin and you have your fire extinguisher in your hands. There are two size - see the one in the background. You can go even bigger if you provide larger hose clamps! http://www.offroadtrailtools.com
Off Road Trail Tools
7099 W Hutchs Pools Place, Tucson, AZ 85743
Phone: 520-579-2079
Fax: 520-579-2080

Security Box

Off Road Trail Tools had a prototype of a new security box for the Jeep TJ & LJ. OFTT is looking for your input. They will put the box into production if there is enough interest. The box bolts under the driver's seat using OEM mounts. It will not work on driver's side flip and fold seats, however. The manufacture's suggested retail price will be $99. http://www.offroadtrailtools.com
Off Road Trail Tools
7099 W Hutchs Pools Place, Tucson, AZ 85743
Phone: 520-579-2079
Fax: 520-579-2080

Spare Oil Storage Box

As you will see, I got sucked into the Off Road Trail Tools booth for quite a while looking at all the neat ideas. This under the hood box for spare oil (or anything else you want to put in it) just jumped out at me. ORTT has had it on the market for a while. There is a cover that goes on it to keep out a lot of the dirt and water. And if you roll your rig the contents will not fall out. The cover doubles as a nut and bolt tray when making field repairs. They call this there Oil/Tool box part #5000. It is made of aluminum and comes in several finishes. The box is a drop in on TJs and LJs with an automatic transmission.
http://www.offroadtrailtools.com/shop/index.php?l=product_detail&p=3
Off Road Trail Tools
7099 W Hutchs Pools Place, Tucson, AZ 85743
Phone: 520-579-2079
Fax: 520-579-2080

Automotive Escape Tool

This little devise fits on your key chain. It will cut the seat belt and a spring loaded punch breaks a side window in the event you are trapped in your vehicle. It also has a whistle and a flash light. Even better, it will let you help someone else who is trapped in their vehicle. I don't know about you, but the last time, I rolled a vehicle, I was upside down, lying on the steering wheel with no way to reach the keys in the ignition. My benefactor mule-kicked the window in my face. This would have been so much better!
http://www.WARN.com

Off-Road Heat

Boy, I really needed one of these for my 1970 CJ5! There was just no way to keep warm in that Jeep in North Dakota. I kept an ice scraper in one hand to clean the insides of the window. On long trips we wrapped up in blankets and sleeping bags on top of our winter coats and boots. There is still a need and one of these models can push out 38,000 BTU at 320 CFM. You just need to do a little plumbing to tie it into the vehicle's coolant system.

http://www.aquahotoffroad.com

Gasoline Fuel Pack

Perhaps you have seen in the ATV catalogs a flat plastic gasoline container designed to just fit into the rear cargo basket. These typically hold 3 gallons. I liked the low profile but wanted more gallons. It appears that RotoPax took the original design increased it to 4 gallons and cut it in half. Each half now holds 2 gallons. Buy two and you come closer to a 5 gallon can but in an easier to handle package. They have 2 gallon sizes for gasoline, water, diesel, Kerosene, oil, storage, first aid, and emergency preparedness. Yep, you can get an empty box to store stuff in. The jugs are leak proof so you can lay them down or on the side. They have several mounting schemes and they can interlock with each other. You really need to get on their web site to appreciate the product. I don't know anyone with real world experience yet. The two key issues for me are: Will they stand up to the claim of being leak proof? And, can you easily get the fuel out of the can? Some of the new CARB compliant devises are a real bear to operate.

http://www.rotopax.com/

Snow

That is all you get. The only bad weather day was the day I was not on the trail. I didn't spend too much time outside with the other half of the venders.

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Did you miss the previous article? If so, read it here

Store And Use Your Fire Extinguisher Properly

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Winching & Recovery DVD

We have a high quality Winching DVD available for $19.95.

Read the press release

Enjoy!

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Mojave Road Adventure April 17-19

Time is short but we can get you in on this trip if you register soon. On April 17th we take off from the Colorado River to follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. Again we might see wild flowers but for sure we will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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Peach Cobbler Trail May 22- 23

On this historical tour weekend we will use iron steeds to explore the old west around the turn of the century and enjoy a Dutch oven meal just like the pioneers. Anytime is a great time to get away to the desert with beautiful days, clear blue skies and the smell of the creosote bushes. For more details.

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Peach

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Rubicon Trail Adventure August 16- 19, 2010

The Rubicon Trails is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good attitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

Store And Use Your Fire Extinguisher Properly

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-03-17

Like other four-wheelers, I keep a fire extinguisher in the vehicle. Don�t think about it much, as it sits there year-round, attached to the transmission hump. One day I had to take it in for a minor repair, and it dawned on me that we tend to take those things for granted. So I figured we could use a refresher on our fire extinguishers, including how to care for and use them. Call it Fire Extinguisher 101.

I won�t discuss the various types of extinguishers out there. We touched on that in "Pack A Fire Extinguisher So You Don�t Get Burned". Instead, I want to review some maintenance tips, then discuss the proper use of a fire extinguisher.

It�s easy to ignore a fire extinguisher. You mount it one day, and then sort of forget about it. You see it every day as you hop into your vehicle. In effect, it becomes a part of the scenery. While the tank and chemical don�t deteriorate over time, experts recommend that you inspect your extinguisher at least annually, and get it repaired or recharged as needed. (Due to the nature of off-road driving, I suggest you inspect it every couple months or so.)

Start by looking at the gauge. Is the needle still in the safe zone? If not, the extinguisher must be recharged or replaced. Go online or check the Yellow Pages for a facility. Keep in mind that you may have purchased a disposable unit. Those can�t be recharged. (This is the one I use.)

Experts recommend that you replace or service your extinguisher if you notice any of the following:

The hose or nozzle is cracked, ripped, or blocked with debris
The locking pin on the handle is missing or unsealed
The handle is wobbly or broken
The inspection sticker or hang tag is missing

The chemical can settle over time, so some people suggest shaking the tank lightly every six months. In addition, make sure to recharge or replace your extinguisher if it�s been used at all. The nozzle can get plugged after a simple discharge, which some people do to test the unit. Plus, you�ve used some of the chemical, so the extinguisher�s effectiveness is diminished.

Extinguishers last years, according to the manufacturers, but without a label, how can you determine when you purchased it? Make a point to replace or service your extinguisher(s) every three to five years. That way you can be assured of a working unit.

Many fire extinguishers come with a paper hang tag. That can rip off easily from all the jostling around in your vehicle. If you take your extinguisher in for servicing, ask the technician to apply a maintenance label. That will stick forever.

How to properly use a fire extinguisher?

That may seem obvious, like riding a bicycle. Yet in an emergency, we tend to panic and forget even the simplest instructions. Think PASS. It stands for

Pull the pin
Aim at the base of the fire
Squeeze the lever slowly
Sweep from side to side

A typical 2.5 - 3 lb. bottle will discharge in about 10 seconds. The sweeping motion ensures that you cover the entire fire, not just one portion. Even so, the extinguisher will be emptied quickly.

This is a good time to discuss fire safety. While the western states are particularly prone to fires, due to all the dry brush in certain parts, everyone must take seriously the threat of a fire. Whenever you burn outside or otherwise use a heat source, make sure you control the scene and have a proper fire suppression system in place.

Don�t walk away from the fire pit until you�re absolutely certain it won�t re-start and spread. How to do that? The best way is to douse it with water. I mean flood it. The ashes should be floating in a pool of water. Use a shovel or steel rake to stir up the slurp, making sure all the hot coals are soaked.

If you must use sand or dirt, apply it lightly, and work it into the ashes with the shovel or rake. Don�t merely dump a pile on the hot coals. That may trap the heat, and keep the spot dangerously hot. You started that fire, so you have a responsibility to make sure it�s out.

Like a first aid kit or a cell phone, a fire extinguisher is one of those things you must have in an emergency. Inspect it regularly, and it will be ready when you need it. Don�t overlook this important component.

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Did you miss the previous Article? If so read it here

2010 Wild Flower Season is Here

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Winching & Recovery DVD

We have a high quality Winching DVD available for $19.95.

Read the press release

Enjoy!

##########################

Mojave Road Adventure April 17-19

On April 17th we take off from the Colorado River to follow the Old Mojave Road for 3 days. This was the earliest wagon road into California. Again we might see wild flowers but for sure we will visit tons of history and see some incredible views. More Details

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Mojave

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Peach Cobbler Trail May 22- 23

Wild Flower Season is Here!

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-02-27

2010 Wild Flower report

We have had more rain this winter then in the recent couple of years. It should make for a good bloom of wild flowers - Perhaps not as spectacular as 2005 but very well worth getting out to the desert this spring to see them.

The Desert USA web site is my primary source for the status of wildflowers in the spring. They cover Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas.

If you go to the Southern California report, with this direct link: Southern California Wild flower Report, you can drill down to additional reports specific to Anza Borrego Desert State Part, Death Valley NP, Joshua Tree NP, and Mojave National Preserve .

Photo by Lion (see the little frog)

The peak bloom has already started in Anza Borrego Desert State Park.

It is well ahead of the other areas. (http://www.desertusa.com/wildflo/ca_abdsp.html )

This is a quota from Desert USA for the Anza Borrego Area left Feb 26, 2010.

�About half of the desert annuals have begun blooming, with the rest to follow in the next month. This is the exciting phase of peak bloom, where every trip reveals additional species blooming, and finds fields of bloom from species that only had a few individuals blooming just a week earlier. Peak bloom at elevations of about 1000 feet on the desert floor should continue for at least several weeks, through March. Its end will come whenever the temperatures hit 80� or above for a week or two. Peak bloom in the canyons to the west of Borrego Springs should begin in a few weeks, sometime in early March. Peak bloom is defined here as the time period when you can see the maximum number of species in bloom on a given one or two day trip, as well as the maximum number of individual plants in bloom.�

Here is some advice from the official State park web site for Anza Borrego Desert State park.

�Suggested times for enjoying the flowers

During or immediately after a rain � Get out and enjoy the air when it�s filled with the aroma of the creosote bush.
Two weeks after a rain � Watch for new green leaves on Ocotillo branches. Look for fields of yellow Chinchweed. �

Visit the anza Borrego Desert State Park web site for their status reports.

If you go to Anza Borego DSP, expect large crowds in the best viewing areas that are accessible by 2-Wheel drive vehicles. With 4-Wheel Drive you will be able to drive further in - just stay on the trails! Hotel rooms will also be scarce for the next month or two. But there is plenty of camping available.

Use this rule of thumb to plan your trips this spring:
Blooming Periods

1,000 � 3,000 feet

Yuccas�March and April
Annuals�February, March, and April
Cacti�March, April, and May

3,000 � 5,000 feet

Joshua Trees and Yuccas�March and April
Annuals�March, April, and May
Cacti�April, May, and June

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Tierra Del Sol (TDS)

Come and visit us at TDS this year. The event is next weekend. The main day is Saturday March 6th. We will have a booth in the vendor area. This is a good opportunity to see the Wild Flower bloom in the lower desert. Most everyone camps near the vendor area. And stick around on Sunday morning for a Winching demo. Sponsored by Super Winch, we will do it in the area in front of the stage.

There are more details on the TDS web site and you can sign up for the trail and a raffle ticket. http://www.tdsdesertsafari.com/

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Death Valley March 19 -22

Not much time left to sign up! The Death Valley Adventure Starts March 19th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, visit Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp in the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. We might encounter wild flowers. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road Adventure April 17-19

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Rubicon Trail August 16-19

Time to sign up and start getting ready for the Rubicon trail. The Rubicon Trails is the stuff of legends. It is considered the Grand Daddy of trails. If your vehicle has a weakness, it will find it. Any serious four-wheeler needs to "Do the Con" at least once. There is no guarantee of avoiding vehicle damage. Even the most skilled driver can succumb to the fatigue of 12 unrelenting miles of rocks. Just bring a good altitude and the best prepared vehicle you can. This could be a once in a lifetime trip but a lifelong of bragging rights. For more details.

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rubicon

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

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If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

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Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2010, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Your Gear Is Not Complete Without An Emergency Packet

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-02-11

Your Gear Is Not Complete

Without An Emergency Packet

Regular readers of this column know that I have stressed safety and preparedness several times. There�s good reason for that. When you�re off-road, especially several hours away from critical care, you have to be able to handle emergencies that may occur.

Previously I�ve touched on first aid kits and other gear. This time I�d like to cover another very important item, an emergency packet. As the name suggests, this is a packet of valuable information kept at your fingertips just in case something happens.

Emergencies are stressful situations. Common details like home phone numbers can be difficult to recall. An emergency packet becomes your �go to� source during difficult times.

If you are within cell range (or have a satellite phone) and have an emergency, by all means call 911. Not all situations are medical emergencies, of course. Your emergency packet contains other vital information that can help get you and your group out of a jam.

At a minimum the packet should contain the following information. Please note that certain details will change as you visit different areas.

A page of emergency numbers
Map(s) and directions to nearby hospitals, with phone numbers
Assessment forms for injuries and illness
First Aid & CPR booklets
Evacuation plans, including instructions regarding when and whether to transport out or call for evacuation
A page on vehicle recovery (safety reminders, planning steps)

Some phone numbers to list include:

Local sheriff�s department / police department
Park ranger of the recreation area you will be visiting
Federal Interagency at 909-383-5651. This is helpful if you�re on federal lands, such as Death Valley and Mojave Desert. It�s a central dispatch center. They�ll route your call accordingly.
Poison Control at 800-222-1222

Ham radio operators should retain a list of area 2 m and 70 cm repeater frequencies (and CTCSS tones), as well as the national calling frequencies (146.520 MHz and 446.000 MHz). Remember that those are simplex frequencies, so program your radio accordingly.

In addition to the contact information for area hospitals, I suggest developing a map showing possible route(s). Provide clear instructions on the map as well, so drivers don�t have to rely entirely on the lines or highlighter markings you�ve made. Review the area carefully, and note that there may be more than one hospital within range depending on where you are in your route.

Make several copies of these maps. The driver transporting someone out gets a copy, of course. But if you need to evac someone, family members can be given a map to help them find the hospital.

Speaking of transporting, make sure to send at least two vehicles. The additional vehicles act a backup, to make sure you�ll be able to get the person out (or at least send out a messenger). Not all transports need to get to the highway, either. I tell drivers to continue trying the phone until they make contact with emergency responders. They may be able to meet the driver part way, thereby saving valuable time.

As I said, if you�re able to place a call, dial 911. If you�re not, you�ll need to decide whether to transport the person, or send other drivers out to get help. Start with an assessment of the person�s injuries or illness. That�s why I suggest including an assessment checklist or SOAP Note (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) Tear sheets in the emergency packet. Once you understand what you�re dealing with, you can apply necessary first aid, and you�re in a better position to identify the resources you require.

The assessment forms and the SOAP Note Tear Sheets are available from a variety of online sources. Buy enough copies for your first aid kit, glove compartment, and go bag.
Any of the First Aid booklets from EMS Safety Services contains an assessment form that can be pulled out and copied. Here is the link.

http://shop.emssafetyservices.com/First-Aid_c_20.html
It would be a good idea to carry one of these booklets in the packet as well as one in your first aid kit. The books are slim (44 pages) and only $4.50.

You can order a booklet of Soap Notes Tear Sheets from Wilderness Medical Associates at http://www.wildmed.com/blog/gear-store/soap-notes/
The cost is $5.95 for a book of about 8 sheets. The book can be split up (or order multiple booklets) to put several sheets each in the emergency packet and in your first aid kit.

Wilderness Medical Associates also has a great First Aid Field Guide for $21.95. http://www.wildmed.com/blog/gear-store/the-field-guide-of-wilderness-rescue-medicine/

Carry this one in your pocket !

As you can see, a emergency packet is an extremely important part of your �gear.� Spend a few moments developing one before your next off-road excursion. It could prove to be a life-saver.

Winching & Recovery on YouTube

Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc. now has its own 4x4 training channel on YouTube. We recently cleaned up 15 chapters on Winching and recovery Techniques plus two bonus chapters to take advantage of new higher quality resolution available on YouTube.

I recently received this comment from

Floyd L. Jennings of Houston, TX

"I had opportunity to review your sequence of brief training videos viz. using a winch and wanted to say the following:

Thanks for making them available on the net;
You have an easy manner as a teacher that is very engaging and is absent of the arrogance that is all too common among others;
Even old-timers like me can and do learn by watching a refresher�.especially as this is not my business and there is little opportunity for repetition as a learning tool."

You can access the YouTube channel at http://www.youtube.com/4x4Training.

We have a high quality DVD available for $15.00. Call if you want to purchase one.

Enjoy!

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Tierra Del Sol (TDS)

Come and visit us at TDS this year. The event is the first weekend in March. The main day is Saturday March 6th. We will have a booth in the vendor area.

There are more details on the TDS web site and you can sign up for the trail and a raffle ticket. http://www.tdsdesertsafari.com/

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Death Valley

The Death Valley Adventure Starts March 19th. This is a 4 day trip on the back roads in Death Valley. We will drive the Panamint Mountains, visit Badwater Basin (lowest spot in North America), visit Chloride Ghost town, Titus Canyon, check out Ubehebe Crater, Teakettle junction, The Race Track & Lippencott Mine Road, camp in the Warm Springs and leave via Steal Pass up to the high meadows, then take Dedeckera Canyon down to the Eureka Sand Dunes. We might encounter wild flowers. All four days will see some light to moderate 4-wheeling. Check out the details and sign up on the website: http://www.4x4training.com/Adventures/Deathvalley.html

You can register directly at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Deathvalley

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Mojave Road Adventure April 17

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Rubicon Trail August 16

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.
Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:
Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Man's Best Friend Makes A Great Off-Road Companion

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2010-01-18

Photos by Snoopy

When we think of trip companions, friends, family members, co-workers, and others readily come to mind. All too often one important �family member� gets left behind: your dog. Many times we assume that our four-legged friends aren�t compatible, are too much of a bother, or would just cause trouble. Sure, there are times and places that shouldn�t include any pet, but more often than not, your dog would be a nice complement to your trip outdoors.

Dogs, especially certain breeds , are a natural. In fact, they crave the outdoors. Recall how often you�ve taken your �buddy� out for a run, and it seemed as if Buddy would never want to leave. That flashing tail, darting nose, and excited eyes tell you just how much he was enjoying himself.

Having a dog entails a certain amount of responsibility, of course. They require regular feeding and exercise, and therefore are an obligation. Because of this commitment, owners tend to leave their pets at home when they head out for a drive. Sadly, some people forgo the off-road experience because they are unable to find anyone to dog sit. That�s too bad.

We need to rethink this issue of bringing dogs along. A dog can bring so much to an outing that after the first off-road excursion, you�ll wonder why you don�t bring him along each time. With the right kind of preparation, your pet can add immeasurably to your experience outdoors.

You already spend quite a bit of time preparing for your trip. Accounting for a pet involves just a few extra steps and moments. Don�t let those stop you from enjoying a complete weekend.

First and foremost is care and safety of your dog. Pack sufficient food and a lot of water. If you will be driving more than an hour or so before going off-road, schedule a potty break for the pooch (maybe for yourself, as well). Consider weather conditions of your location. The desert gets blazing hot during the day, and the mountains can get very cold and snowy. Make sure your dog is kept out of the extremes.

Be mindful of the heat. With their furry coats, dogs are susceptible to heat stroke, which can be deadly.

I�d like to thank my son, Mike Severin DVM, for the following additional suggestions:

Apply a flea and tick preventative, such as Frontline� and Advantage� and a preventative against heartworm. Heartguard� is a good product.
Make sure the rabies and distemper shots are up to date. Ask your vet if other precautions might be necessary, considering the environment you will be in. Also ask whether the Lyme vaccine is appropriate.
Use a crate to transport your pet. That�s safer, especially when driving on bumpy roads or trails.
Record your phone number and the dog�s name on its collar. You may even consider having a microchip embedded in the dog.
Pack plastic bags to clean up after your pet and a stake and leash to keep him at the campsite.
Clean up any antifreeze spill! Antifreeze smells and tastes good to your dog, but it is lethal.

Be considerate of the other campers in your group. Some may be allergic to pets, while others may be bringing pets of their own. Observe how your pet interacts with other humans and dogs once you arrive. Bear in mind that it may take several hours for all the pets to get acclimated to each other and the humans.

The outdoors are beautiful, but also contain their share of hazards. Plants like cacti (discussed in Prickly Thing In The Desert Can Put A Hole In Your Plans) and critters such as wolves and cougars present special challenges. Smaller dogs are especially susceptible to being grabbed by a large predator.

You also need to stay informed on regulations regarding pets on public lands. Most, if not all, public areas require your dog to be leashed. You should always clean up after your pet, and walk only on designated trails. Don�t allow your dog to harass wild animals. In the case of skunks and porcupines, Fido can easily learn a nasty lesson. But make sure your dog doesn�t chase deer, squirrels, or other animals. All of you�humans and pets alike�should enjoy the stroll together.

Taking your dog along creates those memories that last a lifetime. They are, after all, a part of your family. Just like a family member, they can enjoy the outdoors and enhance your overall experience. The next time you make plans for an off-road excursion, plan on taking along your four-legged friend. You�ll be glad you did.

You�ll be glad you did.

Easter Safari March 29, 2010

LAST CHANCE to sign up for Easter Safari March 29 � April 2. We will close registraton January 29th. All the trail rides are assigned by lottery. The submission date for the lottery is early to mid February. As of Jan, 29, I will be cancelling the extra hotel reservations.

You need to register right away at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#EJS.

Check out http://4x4training.com/Adventures/EasterSafari/EJSMain.html

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Tread Trainer Clinic February 19, 2010

There is a Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic Feb 19, 2010 in Sacramento as part of the CA4WDC Convention. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

More details on line at http://www.4x4training.com/TrainingClinics/Tread.html .

And register on line at http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Tread.

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Rocks Clinic January 30 and Feburary 6, 2010

The Janurary Class will be in Johnson Valley and the Febuary Class will be at Calico. This is an introduction to Rock crawling but it is not on "baby" rocks. We take out time and stress careful wheel placement. We use spotters for difficult sections. You learn by inspecting the obstacle and predicting the line; by watching others try their line; by experiencing it yourself; and by the coaching. We recommend you repeat the training several times. You will be much more relaxed the second time over the same obstacles and you will pick up on little details missed the first time. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Rocks

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Sand Clinic February 21, 2010

If you have been waiting for the next Sand Driving Clinic, put it on your calendar for February 21st and sign up now. This day-long clinic will expose you to a variety of driving conditions and levels of difficulty. Driving on sand is challenging and different than dirt, so we�ll progress slowly as you learn the proper techniques. As your confidence grows, you will master increasingly more challenging dunes. Along the way you will be exposed to the beauty of SVRA and the thrill of the windswept dunes. This is a rare opportunity to cruise the only beach in California open to vehicles.
More details...

Register for the Sand Clinic using this link.

http://4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Sand

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Winch Clinic February 28, 2010

Make plans to attend this Winch clinic. We will be holding it at a new location. This one day clinic starts with the basics. By the end of the day you will be safely rigging some complex recoveries. More Details...

You can register directly at http://www.4x4training.com/calendar/calendar.php#Winch

I hope to see you on the trails!

Dont Trash the Environment

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-12-26

It�s no secret that Americans generate a lot of trash. Millions of tons of it every year. Not all of it ends up in garbage cans, either. Our streets are littered with cigarette butts, gum wrappers, and other trash. Sadly, our parks and other recreational areas are also cluttered with this stuff.

As a conscientious 4-wheeler, you adhere to the Tread Lightly! philosophy. One of its core principals implores you to leave an area in as good or better condition as you found it. You know you�ll be taking supplies with you, so what can you do about your garbage and trash?

This whole process starts even before you leave home. The best way to minimize the amount of trash you generate is to eliminate as much packaging as possible. Take cereal, for example. You don�t need that big box with you. Pack just the bag of cereal inside. A rubber band will keep the bag closed, and you can use the rubber band for other things. Ditto for the plastic bag. If you eat up all your cereal, fold up the bag for future use.

Some products, such as glue and batteries, often come with extra packaging. The individual unit(s) are blister-packed onto a larger package. Take out the one or two items you need for your trip, and leave the rest, including all the packaging, behind.

Beverages present other opportunities for creative packing. If you�re a wine drinker, transfer the wine to a soft plastic container or the Platypus Platy Preserve Wine Preserver Bladder. The wine tastes just as good, and you�re not stuck with an empty bottle. Plus, as noted above, you can use the bladder to hold other stuff if you manage to polish off your wine.

Glass bottles present a real challenge. They break easily, and take up lots of space. In fact, some public lands prohibit glass containers. When possible, consider buying beverages that come in aluminum cans. Once emptied, you can crush them into mini-pancakes for easy storage.

Steel (�tin�) cans also are a bit of a hassle. They don�t crush down well, so unless you can find a new use for empty cans, you�re stuck with bulky trash.

Many folks like to cook while off road. You can save on waste and packaging there, too. Chop or cut up your onions, peppers, carrots, and whatnot at home, taking only the amounts you need for your weekend meal(s). You save space and have less garbage left over.

Food waste presents a special problem for the outdoors. It takes up space, and attracts unwanted critters to the campsites. You�ve heard of the grizzly bears in Yellowstone digging through Dumpsters and climbing into people�s cars. Out here in the southwest, we have a real problem with ravens. Their populations are soaring (700 percent in the past 25 years) because too many people are leaving food waste at their campsites. It doesn�t take much. A few crumbs or morsels at each site add up to a lot of food.

What�s the big deal with ravens? Other than a nuisance, ravens are a major threat to the tortoises. Until it is about five or six years old, a tortoise�s shell isn�t hard enough to protect the animal. A raven can easily puncture the shell and munch away.

Consider reusing your drinking water, when possible. The water used to wash potatoes and other vegetables, for example, can be used to clean your dishes. Afterward, that water contains chunks of food which, as noted above, attracts ravens and other critters. Strain the water through a commercial-size coffee filter or similar product to remove the food particles. Pour that water on your campfire ashes to make sure they�re out.

What about burning trash? That�s a bad idea, too. For starters, it is tough on the environment. The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality addressed this issue in its brochure titled, �Don�t Burn Trash at Your Campsite�:

�Burning trash, even paper, can release acidic gases, heavy metals, particulates, and toxic chemicals such as dioxin into the environment.�

Further, trash burning is a significant cause of wild fires, and the ash can contaminate soil and groundwater. If you must burn anything, use a fire pan so you can collect the ashes and throw them away when you get home. Many areas now require the use of a fire pan even for campfires.

There is a new product on the market that makes it even easier to haul your trash out. The Trasharoo carries up to 50 pounds of trash on your spare tire. A 30 gallon trash bag will fit inside and the sturdy Trasharoo is lashed to the tire so it does not flop around like a burlap bag. www.trasharoo.com

Finally, make a point to pick up trash you see along the way. Unlike hikers and backpackers, you have lots of extra room for trash. And as an off-road driver, you are held accountable for the garbage out there. It may not be fair, but that�s reality. Plus, we want to show everyone else that we are good stewards of the land. Leave your area in better condition than when you arrived. You�ll feel better, and our hobby will be better for it.

Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic January 09, 2010

by tom@4x4training.com — 2009-12-09

There is a Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Clinic Jan 9, 2010. We would like to encourage you to sign up for the Tread Lightly! Tread Trainer Certification Clinic. This is a one day course. There is a minimal fee of $25 to cover class materials and handouts. It requires a commitment to teaching and spreading the word about Tread Lightly! Principles and outdoor ethics.

Prickly Things In The Desert Can Put A Hole In Your Plans

tom@4x4training.com — 2009-11-29

The desert is an amazing place. Despite the harsh conditions, numerous plants and animals thrive there. Many plants, including cacti, bloom in the spring and summer, bringing tremendous color to the otherwise drab surroundings.

Looks can be deceiving, however. Certain plants may be appealing to the eyes, but can ruin your afternoon if you get too close. Needles on the Cholla plants, for example, can easily puncture clothing and even tires. The Yucca plant and Cat�s Claw also present hazards, and should be avoided.

The Cholla

as you might expect, is a member of the cactus family. Found throughout North and South America, it can grow up to 10 feet high depending on type. The following Chollas are found extensively in the southwestern part of the United States.

Photo by Lion (RIP)

Buckhorn

So named because its shape resembles antlers from a deer or elk. Its numerous stalks or �arms� are covered with short, stiff needles that can easily poke through clothing and skin.

Jumping Cholla

Also called the �teddy bear� Cholla because its many needles give it a fuzzy, huggable appearance. But you don�t want to hug one of these babies. In fact, you don�t really want to get close. The needles have a knack for jumping out at you�hence the name�and breaking off. No, this isn�t science fiction; it�s real.

Pencil Cholla

Comprised of many tall, thin stalks, these plants resemble cornstalks bundled up in fall. But don�t let the innocent appearance fool you. Those stalks�needles, actually�are razor sharp with needle-like tips.

Other plants to watch for include:

Cat�s claw

This is a vine, but it looks like a bush. Its name comes from the claw-like thorns that sprout throughout the plant. The thorns are small and may be hidden under leaves. It�s easy for your clothing to get hung up and for you to get cut up by the thorns as you�re walking by. Those things are nasty, so stay away.

Yucca plant

Though not as annoying as a cactus, the long, pointed leaves of the Yucca tree can scratch or poke pretty well. On a trip in the Baja a few years ago, one of the guys wearing shorts was jabbed. It required a bit of digging in his thigh to remove the tip of the yucca stem.

Photo by Lion (RIP)

Getting poked by a needle or thorn won�t kill you. These aren�t punji sticks, but any puncture should be treated. Needles often have a tiny barb at the end. After sticking you, the needle will often burrow into your skin making it difficult to remove.

If you get stuck by a needle, carefully remove it and clean the wound thoroughly. You can get a nasty infection if you allow the wound to fester. Make sure your first aid kit contains tweezers and some antibiotic ointment.

Needles from the Cholla plants can puncture tires as well, so keep your distance. Those are handled as you would any other puncture. (see Tire Problems Shouldn�t Deflate Your Day) If the tire has been sliced open, however, you�ll need to swap on your spare.

The bottom line: When in the desert, take in the beauty and serenity of your surroundings, but keep the plants at a safe distance.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Products SEMA 2009

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-11-20

SEMA was understandable smaller this year and I had a lot less time to spend at the show. (The company�s annual meeting required leaving Tuesday evening for North Dakota). Never the less, it was a good show and the �off-road nation� is still innovating. I enjoyed renewing old acquaintances and meeting new ones! Even with the short look around, a few products caught my eye. I am sure you will see these products and many more as the big 4x4 magazines crank up their stories about the show and all the goodies in the next few months.

Ignition Keyed Padlock

One of the coolest things I saw was a padlock that can be keyed to the ignition key. You don�t have to carry extra keys with you. All the locks can be set to work on your ignition key. It fits Ford, GM and Chrysler (Jeep). When you first buy the lock , insert your ignition key into it and turn it half way. The lock will memorize the key pattern. From then on your ignition key can be used to unlock the padlock. This is a �once and done� process, so it cannot be rekey for another ignition later. BTW, I asked, and for now Toyota owners are out of luck. They do not have a system yet for Toyota keys. I have one on order, to test it!!!
http://www.allegiscorp.com/docs/oneKeyPadlockFlyer.pdf http://www.allegiscorp.com/

Tie Down

This one appealed to me as a simple, clean solution when you only need a few strategically placed tie downs. The base is 1-3/4" round with two counter sunk holes. It is made of anodized aluminum. The holes are 1" on center and fit a #10 screw. You can just see the backing plate that is provided in the plastic bag. The plunger has a safe working load of 1,000 lbs and a break strength of 4000 lbs. when mounted vertical.

Network Enterprises
PO Box 930063
Wixom, MI 48393
800-690-0425 http://www.cargonets.com/

Jackmate for Hi Lift

Rescue 42 was the 2009 SEMA winner for best new off-road product of the year This tool may look familiar. It was previously manufactured by Massdam. They have been impossible to get hold of until now. I heard Massdam quit manufacturing the tool but cannot find any info. While this will look familiar to many of you, Rescue 42 has re-acquired the patent on their unique accessory for the Hi �lift jack and made a few changes. If you look carefully at the picture you will see a new notch not in the prior versions of the product. The notch can be used to stretch chain link fence and serve double duty as a beer cap opener at the end of the day! It is available in 4 colors (red, black, green, silver) The Jack Mate� - Lift Jack Accessory is designed as a manual extrication & rescue tool. "The Jack Mate� replaces a standard lift jack's limited capacity top clamp with a multipurpose attachment and is rated to the full capacity of the jack as a clamp, winch, spreader or a base. The Jack Mate� slides over either end of the jack bar and is attached with a quick-release pin. As a top clamp, the Jack Mate� dramatically increases the jack's winching, clamping and crushing capabilities. As a replacement for the jack base, the Jack Mate� is engineered to "bite" into boards or logs to help prevent the jack from sinking in mud, sand, ice and snow. Updated features for 2009 include a super-grip, diamond plate top, wire fence pulling slots (and bottle opener), an easier pin for attaching the Jack Mate� to the jack, and quick release replacement pin for the jack's base.

http://www.rescue42.com/jmr42.php
http://www.rescue42.com/

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Even with SEMA a bit smaller this year, there was an over whelming display of products and vehicles. I could have spent much more time, but that was all I had time for of the many products at SEMA this year.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Meet At The Trailhead, And Caravan In From There

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-10-15

One of the cardinal rules of our hobby is that you always ride in groups. Never go off road alone. The extra vehicle(s) can be used to transport you out in case of an emergency, and can also be used for recovery and towing, even provide spare parts in a pinch.

Knowing that they intend to go with a group, many people wonder: Does it make sense to meet at the trailhead or caravan the way down?

My suggestion is to meet at or near the trailhead, and go in as a group from there.

There are a number of reasons for this.

First, you can�t coordinate your pit stops very well. The various drivers and riders need breaks at different times. Some people can withstand a couple hours on the road. Others need to pull off every 30 minutes or so. It�s not just bathroom breaks, either. Some people get a sore butt sooner than others, or simply want to grab a bite to eat.

Now factor in the gas stops for larger vehicles or those towing something. Those drivers need to pull off more frequently than others. All these factors are compounded the longer the drive is. A two-hour drive is one thing. Imagine going from El Segundo, CA to St. George, Utah. You�re talking more than 270 miles. That�s about five hours on the highway, including any stops.

Drivers aren�t always able to leave at the same time, either. Some are ready to shove off at the crack of dawn, while others may not be able to leave until noon. Still others have to work all day, so they�re looking at more like a 5:00 departure.

Another factor to consider is your speed. The guy at the back of the pack typically needs to drive 5 to 10 mph faster than the lead vehicle. This is especially true in hilly or high-traffic areas. Heavier vehicles and those towing something often slow down as they start up a hill. In heavy traffic you�re always dealing with other cars darting in and out of your lane. The trailing vehicles are constantly adjusting their speed, and have to speed up at times to make up ground.

As a result, the lead driver must make sure his speed never exceeds the posted limit, or the trailing car may find itself going way over the speed limit at times.

In addition, some vehicles get maxxed out at higher speeds, especially when forced to gear down for a hill. Others start shaking at highway speeds. It�s always best for each driver to set his or her own speed. Driving independently allows them to do that.

Finally, caravans tend to encourage a �follow the leader� mentality. The lead driver, having done all the route planning, is the one concentrating the most; the rest of the pack just follows him. Imagine what happens if the lead driver gets lost or misses a turn. Everyone is driving around like a chicken with its head cut off.

The following steps will help ensure that you and your group get to the trailhead on time and in good spirits.

1. Select a meeting place at or near the trailhead. Truck rest stops, chain restaurants, and gas stations with convenience stores are great choices. Your riders can gas up, use the restroom, and grab any last-minute provisions. Plus, the parking lot is usually large enough to accommodate several vehicles at once.

2. Provide the address�sometimes it�s just the intersections of highways X and Y�and, if possible, GPS coordinates and driving instructions. Let the other drivers find their way. Many will prefer the chance to travel at their own pace.

3. Pick a time that�s best for everyone. Poll your group, then give them enough time to make any arrangements. For longer distances some drivers will want to stop at a motel along the way. This is a good time to suggest that all drivers gas up before stopping for dinner or the night. Too many people put off that important step, only to realize the next day that they�re short on fuel. Gas up while you�re still in the mood.

Caravanning is best left for off-road driving. Let your drivers find the meeting place or trailhead on their own terms. It�ll make for a better start to your off-road adventure.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Wine Adds a Nice Touch to Your Outdoor Adventure

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-09-18

Four wheeling and camping are naturally somewhat rustic. You are, after all, away from home and all the creature comforts that surround you there. Even so, you can still add a touch of class and style to your trip in the form of a good bottle of wine.

Wine? While camping? Sure!

Many people enjoy a glass of wine with their meals while savoring the fresh air and scenery of the great outdoors. In fact, I�ve found that a glass of wine with a home-cooked meal prepared in a Dutch oven while sitting around the campfire with friends is one of the nicest pleasures of life.

So, you�re probably thinking: OK, I�ll take along some wine next time. Anything I need to know? I�m glad you asked.

First, remember never to mix alcohol and driving. Some people feel that because they�re off road there are few dangers to driving while intoxicated. In fact, it can actually be more dangerous. You may not confront other drivers out there, but the terrain can be much more demanding and treacherous than you�ll encounter while in the city. Wait until you�ve parked for the day before uncorking the wine.

Transporting any kind of glass bottle is tricky. Wine bottles, because they are also rather tall, can be especially challenging. They need to be secured and protected from the bumps and vibration your vehicle experiences while off road.

I like to wrap the bottle in a bed roll or a Therm-a-Rest�. They hold the bottle securely and offer a lot of padding. My wife does not think this is an acceptable risk. If the bottles break they will spill all over my bed roll! So you might be better off rolling them up in a heavy towel and packing them in your dish box.

Another possibility is a bracket arrangement similar to those used for fire extinguishers and flashlights. The Quick Fist� rubber brackets look like they would work quite well. Retailers that cater to 4WD enthusiasts often carry these types of brackets.

If you have a lot of people or consume a fair amount, you might look into this 10 liter French Wine Jerry Can

As you�re packing your vehicle; store the bottle(s) upright, because they�re less likely to get broken. Bottles lying on their sides, especially on top of each other, tend to get rattled and break.

You also need to consider the wine glasses. Plastic ones, although they may seem a little hokey, make a lot of sense out in the country. I prefer glass, and pack some cheap wine glasses I acquired sometime ago. If you choose glass, make sure to pack those properly, as well. Otherwise, you�ll be slurping wine from your coffee mug.

Speaking of mugs, I�ve found that a large soda cup from McDonald�s or other establishments holds a standard wine glass very well. Its wide base is more stable, so you can safely set the cup on the ground or in the sand with little worry it�ll tip over.

A cooler is a natural choice for carrying chilled goods, and that applies to alcoholic beverages, as well. However, if your cooler is too short for a wine bottle�and you have some spare change�consider buying a 12v refrigerator/freezer. These nifty units are tall enough for a wine bottle and plenty of other items since no space is used for ice. ARB recently introduced a new model loaded with innovation.

Like any packaged item, wine leaves behind a bottle�sometimes a big one�when it is gone. Be a good steward of the land and bring out your empty beer and wine bottles with all your other trash.

Another solution to the "wine bottle" issue is "wine in a box". There are some excellent vintages out there in a box.

I know someone who has a friend who transfers the wine into one of those Platypus bladders. The bladder can be rinsed and used for water later in the trip. In fact Platypus has a special design for wine. It is called the Platy Preserve.

I�m no wine specialist, but I�m pretty sure the jostling your vehicle takes has no effect on the sub $20 wine we take. It�ll get shaken up a bit, but that�s fine. My friends and I have enjoyed wine with many meals after a day of hearty off-road driving.

Finally, don�t forget your corkscrew! Otherwise, you and your loved one will be staring longingly at that bottle of merlot while you munch on your finely crafted dinner.

Take along a bottle of your favorite wine on your next off-road adventure. It will add a nice touch to your meal and your evening.

Tread Lightly! -- Reminder

As implied in the main article, a great way to eliminate trash on the trail is to leave it at home by repackaging food before the trip. Another technique that is very effective is to prepare the meals at home and freeze them. Besides eliminating the tomato paste can and the noodles box, the frozen disk helps keep your ice chest cold.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Tom�s Tips for Tranquil Tenting

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-08-26

OK, so the title of this column is a little cheesy. We�re in the dog days of summer, and my thinking cap has been chewed by my neighbor�s dog.

My suggestions are still good, so hang in there.

Camping is very popular with four-wheelers, and with some quality camping time left this year, I thought it would be a good time to revisit this topic. This isn�t Camping 101, however. Instead, I�d like to review some of the finer points of preparing for your trip.

The following suggestions are gleaned from years of experience in the outdoors. I think even veteran campers will find some of these useful. Let�s dig in.

� Freeze water bottles. They make great ice packs for your cooler, but also are a good source for cold water throughout the day. As you drink the melted run off, any water added will be kept chilled stretching your ice cold water to almost 2 bottles' worth. You can also freeze meat in advance for longer trips

� If shopping for a tent, pick one that�s easy to set up. I like at least a three-season tent, which features snaps on the outside to hold the tent poles. No need to run the poles through those fabric tunnels and the hassle involved. Also, try to find one with a rain fly that extends all the way to the ground. That will keep out sand and dust better. Purchase a footprint for your tent. This protects the tent floor from rough ground you may encounter and adds a layer of insulation (although a thin one). Many manufacturers produce these, though a large tarp can work as well. This footprint also keeps the bottom of the tent clean, meaning less mess during take down. Practice setting it up before your trip! This includes practice putting up the tent at night with your headlamp! I know, sounds kinda dorky but I can't tell you how many times we've had to set up in the dark.

� After setting up your tent, I suggest you tuck or fold the edges of the tarp under the tent to keep it from collecting rainwater and snow which is then funneled right under the tent.

� Position your tent so it faces downwind. That will help keep out dust and moisture. You can position your truck also to make a bit of a wind break. If you are in an area with lot of gnats/flies, face your tent door into the wind. The flying insects like to loiter in the lee of your tent!

� Tie a small rope on each tent stake (about a 1�- 2� loop). This will make it easier to pull up the stake in hard or frozen ground. If need be, you can cut or untie the rope and save the tent loops. (You can use a propane torch to thaw metal stakes that are frozen in the ground. Remove the tent first, of course.)

Speaking of cold, if your eggs are frozen in the morning, peel them like a hardboiled egg and melt them in a flying pan. Then enjoy scrambled eggs!

� I like to roll up my tent from the backside. That way I always know where the front door is for the next time.

Sleeping

Nights can get surprisingly chilly, especially in the mountains and desert. You won�t sleep well if you�re cold, and you shouldn�t get behind the wheel the next day if you haven�t had a good night�s rest.

� If you only have a 2-season bag, pack two sleeping bags or one sleeping bag and a blanket. Put the extra bag or blanket inside the main bag for warmth.

� Use a good insulator between the bag and the ground. When it is cold outside, the ground will serve as a gigantic heat sink and suck all of your warmth out. Some form of sleeping pad should be used both for insulation and comfort. I have found Therm-A-Rest air mattresses are great for camping. I still supplement the Therm-A-Rest up with a foam pad underneath.

� Synthetic materials dry out much better than down and can be compressed without as much loss in insulation as down. Cheaper too.

� If kids are part of the camping experience, a durable cotton cover on the bags can extend the life of your bag.

� Don't forget to pull tomorrows' clothes into your sleeping bag so that they are warm when you put them on in the morning!

� When you roll up your sleeping bag, put the head part in first. It will remain clean and dry.

� Store your sleeping bag open in a very large bag. Rolling it up compresses the fiber, causing it to lose some of its insulating capability. If you have access to a large dryer, tumble your sleeping bag for a few moments before leaving to fluff up the material.
Store your Therm-A-Rest fully open too. If you keep it compressed, it will not restore to its full thickness right away.

� Sleep uphill if there�s a slight grade to the land. It�s much more comfortable that way. If the grade has you feeling like you are going to roll off to one side, stuff tent bags, clothes, etc. under your sleeping bag at your hips and shoulders to create a berm.

� Your jacket makes a great pillow when rolled up or stuffed in the sleeping bag stuff bag.

� Don't leave anything out over night. It may blow away, animals may get into it, or snow could cover it all up and you will not be able to find it. Stow it back in your vehicle or in the tent. An exception: Don't store food in your tent or vehicle in bear country.

Now, get out there and enjoy the great outdoors!

PS - I would love to hear your tips! Send me an email.

Tread Lightly! -- Reminder

Pick a camp site that is already established. Don't disturb the environment to create a new camp site. "The best camp site is the one found - not built."

We no longer trench tents. New tent designs have a "bath tub" floor.

Pre-make food (chili, soup, etc) and freeze it as well so you reduce the trash to be hauled out. The frozen dish adds to keeping everything cold for a long time.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

A Laptop Is a Valuable Accessory For 4 Wheeling

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-07-20

Laptop computers are almost as popular as cell phones. They�re so compact, you can take one just about anywhere. But off road? Do you really want a laptop in your vehicle while you�re bouncing around the mountains and sand dunes?

�Having a PC with you is no longer a luxury,� says Dave Kupfer, a member of Outdoor Adventure USA and fellow ham radio operator. They�re now almost a necessity while you�re off road. Dave facilitated a very interesting discussion about laptops and 4-wheeling during a recent ham radio net. (The recording may be found at the OAUSA Web site www.oausa.net. Click the �On-Air Net Archive� button and choose �Offroad Notebook Computer.� The discussion starts around the 25-minute mark.

The most important reason for having a laptop computer with you is for navigation. If you haven�t planned well, of course, it�s easy to get lost. But even if you are familiar with the area, Dave says, you may spend an inordinate amount of time backtracking as you try to get home. �When you combine your computer with mapping programs, as well as a GPS unit,� Dave says, �you have the best of all these worlds.�

Dave uses National Geographic�s TOPO! mapping software. He says it allows him to draw his route, including all the roads and trials, then transfer the information to his GPS receiver. During the ride his laptop, which stays connected to the GPS receiver, provides continuous, real time tracking of his vehicle.

Your laptop is also a good place to store the user manuals and operating guides for all relevant equipment, including:

Your vehicle's repair manuals
Communications equipment - Ham radio
GPS and APRS gear
Camera instructions
Off road equipment - Winch, Hi-lift

Many of these files are available as PDFs. Check manufacturers� Web sites if the product didn�t include a CD with the necessary files.

Other useful information that can be loaded on your computer includes first aid/survival instructions and your favorite outdoor recipes.

Another OAUSA member suggests that you keep all those files on a memory stick. If there�s a problem with your laptop, you can use someone else�s. Good idea.

The laptop also comes in handy to download photos you take that day, thereby freeing up space in your camera�s memory chip.

Dave offers several suggestions regarding the laptop you�ll take off road.

Buy a ruggedized or semi-ruggedized model. He�s had good luck with the Panasonic Toughbook�, but other similarly designed brands and models exist. These units, some of which are built to military specifications, are designed to handle the conditions that exist in the wilderness. They typically are built with a water-resistant and dustproof shell, and are designed to withstand the shock encountered while driving off road.

Make sure the laptop can generate a bright screen. It can be difficult to read the details of a map on a sunny day.

Mount the laptop securely. Jotto and RAM� make good mounts.

Buy a screen holder so the screen isn�t flopping around while you�re in motion. A screen holder is a small arm (see photo) that stiffens the lid.

The power source must be sufficient and appropriate for the laptop. Check the owner�s manual to see whether it�s best to use an inverter or go with straight DC power. Because laptops tend to draw a lot of power, you may get better results tapping directly into the vehicle battery.

Have at least 4GB of RAM so the mapping software runs smoothly.

Chances are you carry a laptop computer with you all the time, including when you�re off road. By purchasing the right kind of laptop, and loading it with the appropriate software and files, you turn your computer into an integral piece of gear.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Do You Have Cracks in Your Valve Stems?

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-07-01

Last Saturday, while doing a routine vehicle check at an event, we discovered that all 4 valve stems were severely cracked around the bottom of each valve stem near the rim hole.
I recommended the owner replace them as soon as possible and I recommend you check you valve stems for cracks. Replace them if there are cracks. You risk a rollover if the valve lets go at highway speeds.

30 million defective valve stems made in China were installed in tires in the United States from Late September 2006 thru mid 2007. They forgot to add the UV protection or possibly ozone protection and the rubber is breaking down. The valves were manufactured for Dill Air Control Products of Oxford, N.C. by Topseal Shanghai Auto-Parts Co. Ltd. in China.

To be sure if you have one of the bad valves you need to dismount the tire and check the manufactures code on the valve from the inside. The bad codes are Dill TR-413CH, Dill TR-414, Dill TR-415, Dill TR-418 and Dill TR-423. But you can tell if it is cracking by bending the stem and looking for small cracks near the rim hole. See the picture I took of a bad one. It is worth replacing a cracking valve stem even if it turns out not to be one of the recalled valve stems.

I don�t know how long it takes for the rubber to break down. It is possible the problem may just be showing up now. The National Transportation Safety Board only opened their investigation last year in May 2008.

Don�t take a chance inspect your valve stems!

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Fly Prepared: Pack A First Aid Kit That Will Get Past TSA Bouncers

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-06-21

As everyone knows, going through airport security today is a hassle. All your belongings are screened, and if the security guards still are not satisfied you�re legit, they�ll pull you aside and pat you down. (While all the other travelers are staring.)

Yes, we need some level of screening. Unfortunate events in recent history have proved as much. It just seems at times that they over do it. And this can affect those who like to pack a first aid kit in carry on luggage.

I thought about this recently while flying. I wondered how many people carry first aid supplies with them when they fly.
Why might you want to carry a first aid kit with you? I can think of a couple reasons:

You�d like to be prepared in case something happens while in the air. My wife once had scalding coffee spilled on her. Fortunately I had some burn cream with me to help soothe the pain. I�m sure the aircraft has a first aid kit somewhere, but you can reach your carryon much quicker.
You want to have a first aid kit with you when you arrive at your destination, and can get by without checking any luggage. Or, you�re concerned your checked luggage will get lost.

Because you never know when or where an incident will occur, I feel it�s important to have some first aid supplies with you at all times. I usually have some band-aids,gloves, tape and handi-wipes on me, and keep a penlight and bottle of Advil in my suitcase.

Plus, many of us 4-wheelers carry first aid supplies all the time. We�re so accustomed to having a first aid kit while going off-road, we naturally pack some supplies when flying.

What kind of kit should you pack? It should be small yet compact (that is, stuffed with useful items and supplies), and its case should be waterproof. Start with a typical first aid kit found at the store. It will contain most of what you need, and can be improved with some tweaking.

I suggest either the Sportsman or the Smart Travel model from Adventure Medical. You can find these kits at better outdoors retailers. BTW, I like the wound care list of supplies better in the Sportsman model. But I like the medication selection in the Smart Traveller model.

First, inspect the contents for items that may raise eyebrows at the airport. The most likely candidate is a pair of scissors. Thankfully, the government has loosened restrictions items with sharp edges. As long as the blades are less than 4� long you can bring scissors aboard. I believe tweezers are also permitted, but keep under 4� to be safe.
The restriction pertaining to liquids and gels still applies, so you will need to put burn creams, hand sanitizers and other first aid items into a one quart plastic bag along with your tooth paste.

The TSA�s Web site offers more information on permitted and prohibited items. Note that many items that cannot be packed in your carry on are still permitted in checked baggage.

One drawback to first aid kits is that they�re slim in some supplies. You may find just one or two single-use packets of Neosporin�, for example, and a couple small packets of ibuprofren (Advil, Motrin) and Tylenol. Pack a tube of Neosporin and small 10 tab tubes of Advil and Tylenol (found at many drugstores).

Inspect your kit frequently. Certain products, like pain killers and other pills, have a shelf life. Others deteriorate over time. Band-aids are known to lose their stickiness after several years. Foil packets occasionally get torn or punctured, allowing the material inside to evaporate or dry out. There�s nothing more frustrating than opening a first aid kit and finding everything is shot.

It�s always better to have a thoughtfully designed first aid kit. Take the time now to create a useful first aid kit for flying. It�ll be nearby should the need arise while flying, and at your fingertips when you arrive at your destination.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Save Money by Buying an Annual Federal Recreation Pass

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-06-09

These days we all need to find ways to reduce our expenses. The American the Beautiful Annual Pass does double duty to get you into all the National Parks and covers the Adventure Pass required in many Southern California National Forests. If you visit or wheel frequently on federal Lands (National Parks, National Forest, BLM, etc.) the Annual pass at $80 a year is a money saver.

For individuals 62 and older there is a lifetime pass for $10!

Use this link to read the details from the government web site.

An even cheaper way to enjoy the National Parks this summer.

NPS announced three fee-free weekends at more than 100 national parks.
June 20-21, 2009 (Father�s Day weekend)
July 18-19, 2009
August 15-16, 2009
Details on their web site

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Don't Get Cooked This Summer

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-05-16

Summer is almost here, and that means the really hot weather is just around the corner. Even though the hot season is literally an annual event, many people drop their guard and put themselves at great risk.

No one is immune to these forces. In late April a border patrol agent suffered either heat stroke or heat exhaustion while patrolling in the Otay Mountain Wilderness area in California.

Understand that the temperature doesn�t have to be above 100� to be dangerous. In fact, many people succumb to heat-related problems with temps in the 80s and 90s. That is especially true on humid days.

Nor do you have to be engaged in strenuous activity. Walking, gardening, working on your car and other simple tasks can stress the body if you�re not prepared for the heat. Treat hot weather as potentially harmful at all times. There�s no need to get wigged out about this. Just prepare properly.

Before we discuss some precautionary measures, let�s review the heat-related ailments. Keep in mind that a person won�t necessarily go from a mild to severe condition. It�s possible to quickly go into heat stroke; you don�t have to experience heat exhaustion first.

Heat cramps � Caused by loss of electrolytes because you�ve been sweating so much. Your brain can�t communicate with your muscles, so they start to spasm and cramp up. Heat cramps and a headache are usually the first signs of trouble. Watch for those.

These will ease over time if you consume electrolytes (potassium or sodium). Those important minerals are found in many exercise drinks as well as energy bars and other foods. More on this topic later.

Heat exhaustion � You�ve sweated so much your blood level has dropped to the point it cannot reach all parts of your body. You literally go into a form of shock.

Symptoms include a flushed face, headache, severe sweating, muscle cramps, and elevated pulse and breathing. Also, the person�s urine will be a deep yellow. Urine is nearly clear if the person is consuming an adequate amount of liquids. (Assuming no other health problems.)

Move the person into a cooler or shaded environment. Rest and rehydration are critical to reverse the effects of heat exhaustion.

Heat stroke � The most severe condition that can occur. The core body temperature is at least 105�. Brain damage is a distinct possibility. It�s imperative that you get the person to the hospital.

Symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, disorientation or confusion, seizure, and a rapid heart rate. Try to cool the body first. Some people recommend immersing the victim in a pool of water. I don�t like that. I think the drastic temperature change could cause the person to go into shock. Plus, you may not be near a body of water.

Get the person into a shaded area. Even a vehicle will do in a pinch. Strip him or her down to the undies, and spray water all over the body. Start fanning to get air moving around the person. The evaporating water will help cool the person.

Important precautionary steps

Before you set out, make sure you know the area well and its current weather conditions. You may learn, for example, that it is brutally hot in Death Valley or another desert area. Reconsider your plans, and pick a different spot. Never head for an area without first checking the weather conditions and forecast.

Don�t assume that you�ll be able to survive on your vehicle�s air conditioning. If it conks out and you haven�t prepared properly, you�re in deep trouble. It�s important that you bring along the appropriate supplies, just in case you encounter an emergency.

Pack water, food, clothing, and medical/first aid supplies. As for water, a rule of thumb is you�ll need at least one gallon per person per day. If you have room for more, great.

Consume liquid and food at least one-half hour before starting your trip or project. This is to begin storing liquid and electrolytes in anticipation of the demand that will occur. Bananas are a great source of potassium, but most foods supply the needed electrolytes.

During your time in the heat, drink and snack regularly. The body can absorb at most one liter of water each hour, but can expel two or more liters in that same amount of time. I try to drink at least one 16 oz. bottle of liquid (roughly one liter) every half hour.

To help maintain that regimen, pack a variety of liquids. Of course you will have water, but pack some tea, lemonade, and other healthful drinks. I especially like packets of Crystal Light�, but nearly any brand will do. Avoid alcohol and caffeine as they draw water out of your system.

Once you�re out of the heat, continue hydration to allow your body to catch up. Your body is still processing water and minerals, and you can experience some mild symptoms.

Regardless of where you live or where you intend to visit, remember the basics for dealing with a sunny environment. Sunscreen is a must. It should be rated a minimum of SPF 30. Your sunglasses should be coated to filter 100% of both UVA and UVB. Pack a large or floppy hat so your neck and ears are covered, and your shirts should be long-sleeved to protect your arms.

Summertime means outdoor fun. But it also is a challenging time for the body. Take the necessary precautions to help ensure you and your friends don�t succumb to the heat.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2009, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

An Ounce of Prevention is Better Than a Pound of Pain

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-03-03

Remember the good old days when you could leave your bike outside overnight? Or your front door unlocked while you ran an errand? (Yes, I know I�m dating myself.) Sadly, those days are long gone. Theft is now a part of our lives. But we can minimize its occurrence.

Four wheelers already know that their vehicles are quite attractive to the wrong crowd. Yet it�s good to be reminded occasionally of the simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your property.

It always amazes me to read about a vehicle being stolen because the owner left the keys in the ignition. (And in some cases, left the engine running. Can you believe it?!) Needless to say, as you exit your vehicle, turn off your engine, grab the keys, and lock your doors.

Thieves can attack a vehicle in many ways. You need to be as resourceful to thwart any attempts. Let�s review some of the products out there that help you protect your vehicle and possessions.

Before, we go any further, it is important that you appreciate the impact when off-road of having everything �locked up�. The worst time to find that you forgot your special lug nut key is when you have a flat in the middle of the desert. Or discover that the lock to remove the hood latch is rusted beyond use.

When you start your off-road trip, remove all the locks. Cut them off if you have to (in town with access to a lock smith and lots of power tools). Avoid devises, when possible, that require the lock as an integral part of the design to remain fastened. Replace them with non locking straps, caps, etc for the duration of the trip. Take all your locks with you in case you need to stay overnight in town or abandon your vehicle.

The Club�: Very effective at keeping the steering wheel locked. Master Lock has a similar product that connects in four places on the steering wheel and is more difficult to be defeated by cutting the steering wheel. If you are looking for a quick, cheap solution, run a heavy chain through the steering wheel and around a seat leg. Secure with a big lock. This might just be the answer, when you have to leave the vehicle unexpectedly.

Engine disabling components:

If you own a Jeep or Chrysler brand, pull the ASD (automatic shutdown) relay. It�s quite accessible in most new vehicles. It is a lot easier if you install a hidden cut-off switch to the ASD relay. It disables everything �fuel pump, starter, battery. A quick search on the Internet will give you instructions on how to install these parts. If you can�t remember to throw the switch everytime, install a RFid Kill switch. It works off a �dongle� on your key ring which must be within 16� of the hidden antenna to allow the vehicle to start. http://enforcer.com.tw/vehicle/sli_760pp.htm

Hood locking mechanisms: J.C. Whitney (www.jcwhitney.com) and Savanna Jones (www.savannajones.com), among others, offer locking mechanisms for most vehicles. In use, I like the lock on the center safety catch. It can be left unlocked on the trail, for easy access under the hood. Locks on the outside hood latches, become part of the latch and must always be locked to hold down the hood.

Protect your gas: Some crooks like to pour sugar in the gas. Protect your tank with a locking gas cap. Keep the non-locking cap, though, and swap it in before you go off road.

Keep a hold of your doors: Jeep owners know that the doors are made to pop off easily. Make sure a thief doesn�t do the same with a door lock from Tuffy Products at http://www.tuffyproducts.com/p-240-165-jk-security-door-locker-2-door-model.aspx

You can bolt in some small pieces of angle iron inside the doors, at a 45 degree angle above the key locks. A Slim Jim will hit that on it's way down and slide off instead of being able to work the lock.

Tie down External items:
Coolers, gas cans, and other items can be secured with a steel strap from Steelcore (www.steelcore.net ). The strap is encased in fabric to protect your stuff and your vehicle�s finish.

Store your keys and cards:

HitchSafe (www.hitchsafe.com) makes a nifty device that attaches to your trailer hitch to hide your keys, credit cards, and other small valuables. Don�t use a hid-a-key. That is the first thing a thief looks for.

Bolt locker: Tuffy Products offers a really sturdy device for securing a winch or just about anything else you�d attach to your vehicle.

Other items to consider include:

Items stored internally should be secured to keep them from flying around. Even at off-road speeds a small tool can put a major league dent in your skull. Use a sturdy strap to secure those items.

Assorted small objects can go in a spare cooler or tackle box. Just remember to secure or bury that item as well.

Concerns about security must consider your personal safety as well. That topic alone can take up a column or two. But we can cover some basics here. First, always be aware of your surroundings: who is nearby, where possible escape routes are, and such. Consider taking a self-defense course where you can learn some simple moves that could get you out of a jam.

For weapons, consider a nonlethal approach first. Pepper spray is quite effective, yet doesn�t carry the legal consequences of a firearm. If you feel you must carry a firearm, be sure to get some training from a certified instructor first. Study the laws pertaining to the transport and possession of firearms, keeping in mind that the rules may be different on federal lands. And please think carefully before using a firearm. Once you pull that trigger, there�s no going back.

Overall, our world is a safe place. Following simple steps like those listed above will help keep you from being victimized. We know how that can spoil a weekend.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Go Romping In the Snow

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2009-01-20

With the snow we�ve been getting in the mountains lately, a lot of four-wheelers are itching to fire up their vehicles and go plowing through the white stuff. Whether over Cajon Pass, through Big Bear area, or just to Grandma�s house, driving off road in snow is a lot of fun. Winter driving offers its own set of challenges; the following tips will help ensure your trip is a pleasant one.

As with all four-wheeling, remember the buddy system. That is, always go out with at least one other vehicle. It�s fairly easy to get stuck in snow, and the cold just compounds any difficulties you may experience. More on that later.

Make sure you pack survival gear along with food and water. Remember that it gets dark early this time of year, and storms can hit in a hurry. Check the forecast before leaving. You don�t want to get caught in the mountains during a blizzard. Also, cold weather reduces the output of your battery. Replace it if it�s more than five years old. Consider installing a dual battery system as well. That way you�ll have a back up, as well as a source of power in case you need to use the winch.

Pack your vehicle accordingly. The basics include a snow shovel, air jack and tire chains, if you have them. Brightly colored equipment is really useful in a snowy environment. An ice scraper/window brush and recovery equipment are a must, also. You�ll want some communications equipment, as well. Pack ham radio gear if you have it. If not, consider getting licensed. The exam isn�t that difficult and gear is reasonably priced. If you don�t care to go that route, look into a satellite phone. Cell phones rarely work in the outback, so don�t count on one.

Make sure your headlights, tail lights, fog lamps, and license plate are clear of snow. As the old saying goes, you want to see and be seen.

Upon arriving, spend a few moments surveying the trail and surrounding terrain. One of the biggest problems with snow is that it covers ruts, ditches, and rocks. If you�ve driven the trail before, try to recall where the rough spots are, and avoid them. Don�t try to drive over them, as you risk getting stuck or damaging your vehicle.

Chains are great for driving in snow. They give you better traction and braking all around, and better steering up front. If you have just one set, place them on the back. Chains up front allow you to chew through deep snow, but the added braking capability could cause fish tailing. This happens a lot while going downhill on a slippery slope.

Air down your tires to a standard off-road level. For a 31-in. tire, that would be in the 18 to 15 psi range. Start off in single file as you normally do. The lead vehicle will blaze the trail, but often becomes stuck. Plus, the underbody usually gets packed with snow, so the vehicle doesn�t run well. Be prepared to pull out that vehicle, but also rotate the vehicles to keep a �fresh� vehicle in the lead at all times.

If you get stuck, try rocking the vehicle. You can usually gain a few inches each time, which often is enough to get you onto better ground. Avoid spinning the tires if possible. That just melts the snow underneath, which quickly freezes. Then you�re in worse shape than when you started.

If you�re still unable to drive out, use a recovery strap to pull your vehicle out. But be careful: The strap is under tremendous stress. Make sure no one is standing between either vehicle. If that strap breaks, it�ll crack the person in the head, and your trip is over. A Pull Pal� also works well in these situations.

Remember to drive slowly. As mentioned above, snow covers all blemishes in the trail. If the snow is firm enough you may actually drive on top. But more likely, you�ll cut through, and expose your vehicle to rocks and other hazards below.

Even with chains, your vehicle behaves quite differently in snow. Stopping and cornering are more difficult and braking distances are greater. Drive slower than normal and keep a safe distance between the vehicles. 4WD doesn�t offer any better braking than 2WD, despite what you may think. If you find yourself sliding one way, turn with it, but also apply some power and stay off the brakes. The 4WD traction will help pull you out of it.

Use gentle acceleration whenever climbing a hill. Quick acceleration can cause the tires to spin, which results in an icy trail. Speaking of hills, assess the trail before descending, and make sure it�s safe to drive. Can you get back up if you had to? If not, and that�s the only way out, take a different route.

Here�s hoping your next romp through the snow is a safe and enjoyable one.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

The All-Time Best Family Adventures

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-12-24

The holiday season is a good time to reflect on the past twelve months and set plans for the coming year. Understandably, these difficult economic times are causing many people to cut back on expenditures. Hobbies and other recreational activities such as four-wheeling tend to take a hit, and that�s too bad.

You see, there�s more to off-road driving than simply hopping in a vehicle and cruising through the isolated parts of the nation. Driving off-road offers a great opportunity to connect not only with nature, but with your family as well. Yes, four-wheeling is an exciting and affordable pastime that the whole family can enjoy.

When was the last time you did something fun with your family? Did that include going off-road? Four wheeling is not just a �guy thing�; women and children appreciate the great outdoors, as well.

I encourage you to make time for some off-road driving next year. It need not be often: one or two days per month is sufficient. You and your family spend quality time together while you enjoy some of the most fascinating landscape around. Regardless of where you live, you can find exciting places to visit.

Some people claim that four-wheeling is expensive. Compared to what? Sure, you can invest a ton in this or any other hobby. But you can also have a lot of fun four-wheeling with just a little extra here and there. Remember that your biggest investment�the vehicle�is already purchased. Other than gas, about all you need is a park sticker. Daily passes are very reasonable (averaging about $10.00), and if you want to save even more, buy an annual sticker. (Remember to buy an off-road permit if required.)

How do those costs stack up against admission to an amusement park? A family of four could expect to pay these base daily rates:

Disneyland�: $256.00.

Knott�s Berry Farm: $156.00

Six Flags� Magic Mountain: $140.00

Incidentally, these prices don�t include any food, drink, or accommodations.

Badlands Off-Road Adventures offers a number of fun clinics and excursions that are well suited for bringing the entire family. Clients have told me these excursions are some of the more exciting adventures they�ve had. Despite the state of the economy, it�s still important to spend quality time with your family. With gas prices plummeting, going off-road for a few hours or even a day is now more affordable. Those exciting times you spend together will create memories your entire family will relish for a lifetime.

Go four-wheeling with your family regularly in 2009. You�ll be so glad you did.

############

I�d like to take this opportunity to thank all my clients and friends for their business this past year. It has been a real pleasure getting to know you, and I appreciate the opportunity to share some memorable moments in the great outdoors. Best wishes for a wonderful holiday season and a prosperous new year.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

The Best Gifts For An Off- Roader

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-12-16

Still looking for a last minute gift? Here are some suggestions any 4-wheeler would love to receive. Prices do not reflect shipping. However, many companies are offering free shipping this holiday season.

Backcountry Adventures $16.99

Each book in the Trails and Adventures series is the most comprehensive guide available for its region. These volumes include meticulously detailed backcountry trail directions with integrated GPS coordinates and maps of each trail and region. Trail descriptions are vivid and color photos clearly depict each trail. Fascinating historical information with photos of ghost towns, mining camps, current towns and cities, as well as regional history, recount the days of the Wild West. These guides are essential tools for planning backcountry day trips and weekend getaways.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Handle-All Multi-Purpose Tool $156.99

The Hi-Lift Handle-All is a multi-functional tool consisting of a telescoping handle, 4 full-size implements (a shovel, sledge hammer, axe, and pick-axe), and a storage bag. This tool is compact and rugged, but still maintains full-size utility.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-Lift Jack Off-Road Kit $64.99

Use the Off-Road Kit to turn your Hi-Lift Jack into an even more versatile tool. This kit keeps all of the needed parts for winching at arms reach. Turn your Hi-lift Jack into a �poor mans� winch!

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-Lift Jack Off-Road Base $38.99

The Off-Road Base from Hi-Lift makes the original power tool even more versatile! Convenient to use, easy to store. Rugged construction meets Hi-Lift Jack specifications for strength & durability. Use Hi-Lift Off-Road Base to alleviate jack sinkage on soft ground.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Handle-Keeper $11.99

Jack Handle isolator
No more annoying rattling handles
Secures the jack and handle in place
No more tape or bailing wire

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Hi-lift Jack 48� $70.99

These jacks are a must for lifted vehicle owners. These jacks can be used for a number of uses besides changing just a tire.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Life Hammer $15.99

Life Hammer is the original tool of its kind. Mimicking the concept behind European Escape hammers for trains and buses, this tool answers the need for an escape tool tailored specifically for vehicle entrapment.

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Daystar Winch Isolator $26.99

The Daystar Winch Isolator stops the rattles while giving you a practical place to secure your winch hook. Installation is as easy as 1, 2, 3! Simply disconnect your winch hook, run your cable through the isolator and reinstall your hook. You're done!

www.4WheelParts.com
800-237-4444

Viking Synthetic Winchlines $277.55

Both steel and synthetic winchlines give a very small amount of stretch, the equivalent of less than 1% at breaking pressure. This tiny amount of stretch stores kinetic energy that is released when the line breaks. Since steel winchline is much heavier than synthetic winchline, the force of that stored energy is devastatingly powerful, particularly dangerous with people nearby. The synthetic line is so light and therefore stores less kinetic energy, which when released, the winchline virtually falls to the ground with a fraction of the force of steel.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

ARB 9000 Ultra Light Snatch Block $99.95

20,000 Lb. Work Load Limit, 38,500 Lb. Breaking strength. You want the highest rated pulley block you can carry.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

Viking Kinetic Recovery Ropes $95.79

Viking Braided Kinetic Recovery Ropes also called Kinetic Yanker Lines or Tow Lines are made from 100% Premium DuPont� Nylon Double Braid. They offer over 30% stretch at break with a normal stretch of 10% to 20% when recovering or yanking a vehicle. With this kinetic energy built up in the rope the vehicle will get unstuck real quick. When choosing a Kinetic Recovery Rope size, you want the breaking strength to be five to seven times the weight of your vehicle especially when used for yanking. If you undersize your rope you risk breaking it, and if you oversize your rope you will not get the full benefit of the kinetic energy.

http://winchline.com/
818-506-9789

Pull-Pal Winch Anchor $289.95

The Pull-Pal, a well-engineered anchoring tool, is both portable and well-suited for a wide range of environments. Intended as a tool for winching through sand and mud, Pull-Pal's design relies on useful rules of physics. Its hefty plow blade sets firmly and safely into sand, clay, mud, hardpan soil and snow.

www.pullpal.com/
970-963-4507

Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) $149.99

Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) $149.99 If your outdoor adventures take you to remote areas, the Satellite Personal Outdoor Tracker (SPOT) could be a lifesaver. It's the world's first satellite messenger capable of sending alerts to family, friends or a 911 center.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Adventure Medical First Aid Kits $39.99

You should never go afield without a good first aid kit. These kits offer just about everything you'd need to cover any situation thrown your way. These kits were designed by a Wilderness First Responder Instructor.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Backcountry Adventures $16.99

Motorola Two-Way FRS / GMRS Radios $89.99 Talk with other radio users up to 28 miles away, in good conditions, with no roaming charges or overuse fees. Same Area Message Encoding (S.A.M.E.) filters out weather alerts from distant locations and only advises you of weather and emergency information for the specific area you are in. Radio has 22 channels and 121 privacy codes for up to 2,662 communication options. It also has 11 NOAA weather radio channels, iVOX hands-free communication, a Quiet Talk� interruption feature, digital signal processing, vibrating call alert and replacement faceplates. Comes with two radios, one dual drop-in charger, one charging adapter and two battery packs. Can also be powered by three AA batteries.

www.Cabelas.com
800-237-4444

Off-Road Tire Plug Kit $39.99

Off Road Tire Plug Kit" is the only one that has everything! Don't get caught on the trail without one. Easy 3-Step Process That Plugs Tires To Get You Back Home!

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Receiver D-Ring Bracket $44.99

Receiver D-Ring Bracket $44.99 The "Ultimate Shackle Block" patented design allows you to pull the shackle in any direction without binding the shackle & DOUBLES AS A CONVENTIONAL TRAILER HITCH. The block is precision made in USA with certified steel.

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

�� Screw Pin D-Ring $13.99

3/4 D-ring Shackle 4 3/4 ton working load 5 to 1 safety rating yellow zinc. You never have enough D-Rings when rigging a recovery. Everyone needs a minimum of 6.

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Recovery Strap $45.00

The Ultimate "Recovery STRAP" is 30 feet long, made out of 2" wide material and has an abrasive covering over the loops. Made in USA

http://www.udshardware.com/
(310) 715-1356

Trail head Automatic Deflators $59.95

TRAILHEAD Automatic Tire Deflators will automatically reduce the air pressure in a tire to a predetermined level and stop, preventing any further loss of air from the tire. They will function properly whether your vehicle is stationary or traveling at speeds of 20 mph or less.

www.4x4training.com
310-374-8047

Badlands Off-Road Adventure Gift Certificate $200

Purchase a gift certificate to be used for an event, clinic, and adventures. You can also register for the specific event, clinic, or adventure you wish to give as a gift. If you are not sure what date will work, make your best pick. We will happily adjust it, if necessary.

www.4x4training.com
310-374-8047

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Tom with email address of Tom@4x4training.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Get Layered Before The Big One Hits

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-11-12

We Californians are becoming acclimated to disaster planning. We have to. We live under the threat of an earthquake 24 hours a day. A major disaster can strike anywhere, however, so it pays to be prepared - With so much to consider and so many possible scenarios, where do you begin?

It�s actually a lot simpler than you think if you use what I call the layering method. Each �layer� represents something that can hold survival tools, equipment, and supplies. The nature of the layer determines what you are able to access in an emergency.

First, let�s review the basic 10 survival items.

They include:

Matches/fire starter
Knife
Flashlight
Map
Compass
Whistle
Water
First Aid Kit
Extra Food
Extra Clothing
Toilet Paper( maybe the 11th essential!)

These basic items come from some general categories. So when presented with the opportunity to go beyond the basics, use these categories to help you think about your emergency tools and supply needs.

Categories:

Communications
Signaling
Shelter
Safety
Food/water
Clothing
Navigation
Waste disposal
Entertainment

Now you can begin the layering process. In each case you�ll want to include as many of the basic survival items as you can. Space permitting, you may heavy up in certain items.

The outermost layer is your location during the day and at night. Chances are you are at work, in a school, or at home. Consider which of the basic survival items you can reasonably obtain and have available. This layer offers the most amount of room, so feel free to load up in each category, such as food/water, clothing, and shelter (such as a tent and sleeping bags). You should also consider purchasing a chain saw, generator, and, if you don�t have one already, a portable stove or other cooking utensil.

The next layer is your primary vehicle, which should carry you for three to five days. You have a fair amount of room for extra clothing, water and food, as well items for shelter. A compact tent and sleeping bag are ideal. You also have room for extra important electronics, such as communications equipment (CB radio, amateur radio gear, satellite phone), a GPS receiver, and extra battery packs if possible. (Check them periodically to make sure they�re charged.). Electronic gadgets are fine as long as you account for the batteries. I also like to include some books, magazines, and other reading material to help get through extended lulls. Once you have attended to any injuries, you mental status will be the most important factor in your survival.

If you need to abandon your vehicle, you�ll reach for your next layer, a go bag. Often just a gym bag or backpack, the go bag can�t carry as much, so you need to be smart about packing. Try to account for most of the categories, but adapt for the smaller space. For example, your shelter may be an Xscape Safe� Blanket. Food may consist of energy bars and a few other dried items. Avoid salty food if you can, as that will only make you thirsty. If you can�t pack a water bottle, consider a baggie to carry food or water you may find.

Think of your laptop case, briefcase, or purse as a mini Go bag. Make sure to stock it with the basic ten items. You are likely to have one of these wherever you go.

The next layer is your outerwear. If you lose your go bag, you�ll need some basic supplies to get you through the day. Whether you typically wear a business overcoat or a leisure jacket, you�ll have a number of pockets at your disposal. Put them to good use.

Matches (either the waterproof kind or a book inside a waterproof container) are a must. Other important items include a penlight, compass, whistle, bandages, and candy bars. You probably carry your cell phone anyway, but if not, be prepared to grab that.

Your clothing represents the final�that is, innermost�layer. At a minimum, make sure you carry what I consider the top three items: matches, flashlight, and a knife. How much you carry, of course, depends on what type of clothing you typically wear. Cargo pants offer lots of pockets that can be packed with important items.

Review the categories above, and be creative. Signaling, for example, can be done with a small mirror, a money clip, or even a belt buckle. You�ll also have room for some bandages and handi-wipes; keep some with you at all times.

No one likes to think about disasters, but unfortunately they are a part of our lives. This layering process will help you and your family to prepare should a major incident occur. Use the layering process whenever you enjoy the outdoors as well!

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Tickle The Taste Buds With A Dutch Oven

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-10-22

Dutch ovens are a great way to bring the taste of home cooking to the outdoors. To better understand Dutch ovens, I turned to fellow Outdoor Adventure USA member Bruce Crabtree. Bruce has been cooking with Dutch ovens for over 15 years. He recently joined us during a ham radio program to share his thoughts. To hear the entire program, click on this link:
http://www.oausa.net/on-air-nets/48-on-air-nets/91-cooking-with-a-dutch-oven

A Dutch oven is actually a cooking pot that�s designed to be heated by charcoal or a campfire. They are made of cast iron because iron offers a uniform distribution of heat. Dutch ovens are most often used for baking goods, but are also used to cook with. People make soups, casseroles, and other dishes with a Dutch oven.

Dutch ovens can be purchased at most outdoor stores such as Cabela�s, Sports Chalet and Bass Pro. Wall Mart has a limited selection. Stick with high quality Lodge or Camp Chef brands.

The ovens come in a variety of sizes, with the most common being 10� and 12� wide. A 12� pot holds six quarts of food and will serve four to six people. For two to four people, a 10� pot should be sufficient. Be sure you purchase a "camp" oven with 3 little legs and a lip on the lid to hold hot coals.

New ovens have a waxy coating to prevent rusting. Wash in soap and water to remove the coating. The next step is to "season" your pot. Use a paper towel to apply a light coat of vegetable oil (many people use Crisco brand) to all surfaces of the pot and lid inside and out. Do not use lard or other animal fat. It will turn rancid over time.

Place the covered pot in your gas grille, close the lid, and heat to 425 degrees, baking for one and one-half to two hours. This process causes a lot of smoke, so don�t be alarmed. Season several times to give your oven a nice, non-stick surface.

Now you�re ready to cook. Since most folks use charcoal we�ll focus on that. To determine how much charcoal to use, remember the �plus 3/minus 3� rule. Add three coals to the size of your pot for the lid. Subtract three to get the number of coals needed underneath. So, for a 12� pot, you�d use 15 briquettes on the lid and nine underneath.

Form a ring of charcoal under the pot; do not have any coals directly underneath or you�ll develop a hot spot. That�s not important for the lid. Coals can be placed evenly across the top. This arrangement will create an internal temperature of about 350 degrees. Add charcoal if you need a higher temperature. Each additional briquette increases the internal temperature by about 25 degrees.

Most dishes and baked goods cook in 45 minutes to an hour. Rotate the oven every 15 minutes to ensure even heating, and be careful when serving your meal. The oven is heavy and very hot.

Some Do�s and Don�ts to consider:

Do clean out the pot after every meal. Condensation will form on any leftover food, which will cause the pot to rust. A paper towel is usually all you�ll need to remove food scraps.
Don�t store without drying. Wipe it thoroughly with a towel or heat the oven over a stove.
Don�t clean with soap. The porous surface of the oven will capture some of the soap, resulting in an after taste. If the oven has been cleaned with soap, rinse it thoroughly with hot water.
Don�t use steel wool or abrasive cleaners. These will scratch off the seasoning and make the oven susceptible to rusting. However, you can use steel wool to remove rust spots.

Dutch ovens are a great way to bring authentic cooking to the outdoors. With a little practice you can become a hit with your friends during your next off-road adventure.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

New Products Off-Road Expo Pomona 2008

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-10-06

I attended the Pomona Off-Road Expo at the Fairplex this past weekend. I enjoyed talking to all the vendors and looking at some of the new products. I hope you were able to attend also. There were a few products that caught my eye that I wanted to share with you.
Trac Tools First up, I found these small tool sets made in the USA. There are sold by Trak Tools. The Ready Wrench has a T handle so you can put some torque on stuff and is equipped with a magnetic socket drive. This kit was designed for Motorcycle riders where space is a premium. For those days when you forgot to bring your big tool kit, it sure would be nice to find this set in the glove box! There are a variety of sockets, bits, torxs, and allens in both SAE and metric. Contact information: 562-690-9469 www.info@traktools.com www.traktools.com http://www.daystarweb.com/http://www.traktools.com/
What is It? Daystar has a new product that will be officially released at SEMA in November. These little plastic clips will keep your clevis from rattling if you drive around with your clevis attached to the bumper. I doubt You will find it on the web site yet. Look for it in your favorite off-road store later this year. http://www.daystarweb.com
Mount for Hi-lift Jack Base I generally do not carry my hi-lift jack base except when I plan to do a demo. It is difficult to pack and store. And yet the Hi-lift Jack base is really the best solution for a strong solid base. This is a prototype that will soon be on the market. This may well solve that problem. It can be bolted to any flat surface. Phone: 520-579-2079 http://offroadtrailtools.com
Nozzle Key In order to fill your 5 gallon jerry can all the way up (at least in California) you have to hold back the front of the nozzle for the last 1 and half or 2 gallons. This tool frees your other hand and allows you more control over the process. Just slip one of these over the nozzle to hold it back. Phone: 520-579-2079 http://offroadtrailtools.com
Jeep JK Trail Table This is a very useful table now that Jeeps no longer have drop down tail gates. This one is designed for the New JK Wrangler but Mel says it will work on the early TJ's with the flat inside tail gate. It can be mounted 3 ways. Mel said it will support 180 pounds or more. Phone: 714-870-5515 http://www.offroadevolution.com/
The next show I will attend is the SEMA Show in Las Vegas in early November. Let me know what stuff you are interested in having me look for. I can't promise anything but it might happen if I know in advance!
I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### ### If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list. ### ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Products SEMA 2008

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-11-16

I attended the 2008 SEMA Show in Vegas again this year. SEMA is the Specialty Equipment Manufacture Association and deals with all and any aftermarket Automotive products. The show is huge. There are 11 sections that take up every bit of the Vegas convention center. This is a business to business show and no products are sold over the counter contrary to Pomona Off-Road Expo which is a consumer show. The vendors want to show off their new products and discuss plans, promotions, etc. with buyers.

I spent the entire day just in the Off-Road section. I grabbed a few snap shots of products that caught my eye.

Hi-lift has a new product to secure your Hi-lift to a rack or bar. It was designed to clamp around a square bar or a round pipe of various sizes. It will clamp onto round bars from 1" to 3" in diameter. This is accomplished by two product sets. The small one covers 1"-2" and the large set covers 2" - 3".

Hi-lift will have a new neoprene jack cover on the market in Jan 2009. This little sleeve covers just the working part of the jack head to keep dust and grim out. A few weeks ago, a trail ride I participated in discarded 5 hi-lift jacks before they found one that worked. Many of the others had too much dirt and dust in the head. This sleeve appears to be a must have for anyone who carries their Hi-lift attached to the outside of the vehicle. The cover is a thight fit to keep out dirt. It can be machine washed and dries quickly.

http://www.hi-lift.com/

Security can be an issue with all the items that you tie, hang and bolt to the outside of the vehicle. Trimax offers a number of multi-use cable locks to ensure your stuff stays in place. You can get them in various tightness and length. Some you provide your own lock, for others it is integrated. Pictured is the 72" Gladiator Ironclad Cable.

I recommend before you leave town, you remove all your pad-a-locks and security devises. If you can't remove them at least make sure the mechanism works and you have the key. (Sometimes the pad-a-lock is the latch!). This goes for any lug nut key you have. Take along anything you removed. You may need to lock everything down again at a hotel or for a visit in town for resupply. You will save a lot of grief in a remote location when the lock doesn�t work or you forgot the key.

http://st16.flashecom.com/trimaxlocks/index.asp

I though this was a clever idea. It turns your trailer receiver into a small safe. There is just enough room for a key, credit card, and maybe a few bills. Just the thing if you need to leave your vehicle for a while in town. I recommend you remove the draw when you go off road. It is not water tight and if you smash the locks you may have a time getting it open. Naturally it is called the Hitch Safe!

www.hitchsafe.com

The Clamptite tool provides a means for tightening wires wrapped around an object and then locking them in place The tool can be used with various sized wire - even a coat hanger.

www.clamptitetools.com

These are a few of the many exciting items at the show. I have not used or tested any of them. I look forward to doing so to see if they are as useful as suspected.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Tom Severin, President
Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc
4-Wheel Drive School
310-374-8047
http://www.4x4training.com
Make it Fun. Make it Safe.

###

If you find this information valuable, please pass it on to a friend. You can forward them the email. If you received a forwarded copy of this newsletter and would like to subscribe for yourself, go to: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html and follow the instructions to join our mail list. You are receiving this email because you have attended one of our events or have signed up to be on the distribution list. If you no longer wish to be on the distribution list please contact me and I will personally take you off the list immediately. You are identified as Montego Bay with email address of Montego@RoughWheelers.com on our email list.

###

Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information:

Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill.

Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

Tire problems shouldn�t deflate your day

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-08-20

Last time we talked about tires: why they are prone to punctures and other problems and the type of tools you should store in your 4WD vehicle ( No Need to get Spun Out over your Tires ).

Now I�d like to discuss the more common tire-related problems you�re likely to face while off-road and how to fix them.

Lose a bead � Occurs quite often while making a hard turn on a soft surface. Because the tire is aired down, there isn�t enough internal pressure to keep the sidewalls from collapsing inwards.

You usually can reset the bead without removing the wheel from the vehicle. Jack up your vehicle and wipe away any dirt from the inside of the rim. Attach a compressor and begin airing up. Reach around the back of the tire and grab rubber. (You may need a buddy to help with this.) Pull the tire toward you so it can start holding air. Keep pulling and holding until the bead resets.

You don�t need a big blast of air to do this. A little ARB compressor, pumping out about 1.27 CFM, is sufficient. Be patient. This will take time, but eventually you will hear the bead pop into place. (Make sure no one�s fingers are in the way!) Lower the vehicle and put away your tools.

Puncture � A standard puncture is actually rather easy to repair. Everything you need is in the tire repair kit. (If you haven�t purchased one yet, I suggest you do so now. A good one is sold by UDS in Gardena, CA - www.udshardware.com . It is a very complete kit in a soft sided bag that will fit places those hard plastic ones don�t. )

First, lubricate the hole with some white grease using the probe tool provided. This will allow the plug, which is very sticky, to enter freely. Feed a plug through the eye of the plugging tool until it is about halfway through. Insert the eye of the tool into the hole. The plug will be folded over as it�s being fed into the hole, so you�re left with two ends sticking outside the tire. Leave about �� of the ends visible. Hold the collar against the tire as you pull out the plugging tool to keep the plug in place.

Trim off the excess, and apply some sand or dirt to the stubs. The stickiness attracts twigs, rocks and other debris which could pull the plug out.

One plug will work for punctures caused by nails, cactus needles and other thin items. If the hole is much larger, use two or more plugs.

Although the plugs are designed for punctures in the tread portion of the tire, they can be used to close a gash in the sidewall in a pinch. DO NOT attempt to drive on hard pavement with a plugged gash, however. The plug may not hold, and you could face a nasty blowout.

Break a bead � Amazing as it might sound, there are times when you need to break a bead. For example, you may have to replace the valve stem or clean a rim to stop a bead leak. Bead leaks are rather common while driving along ruts. The rim slides down the edge of a rut and jams dirt and pebbles into the bead.

Take the tire off the vehicle and lay it flat on the ground next to another vehicle. Pull the valve stem core so you�re not fighting the tire pressure. Set the foot of a Hi-lift jack on the tire just short of the rim. Begin jacking against the other vehicle. The weight of the vehicle pushing against the tire will cause the bead to pop.

Be patient with this process. Some tires need to be nearly flattened before the bead breaks. You can usually get by with jacking on just one side of the tire, though you may need to step on the other side to help it along.

Do not jack your disabled vehicle as part to this process. You will lift it slightly off the jack stands in place, causing a dangerous situation.

Another option is a pair of tyre plyers. Popular in Australia, hence the odd spelling, they allow you to break a bead without removing the wheel. I don�t carry one but when others had them they work fine.

Replace a valve stem � Remove the tire and break the front bead enough so you can reach the back of the valve stem. Cut the old one off. Don�t worry about the chunk that you drop in the rim; that won�t hurt anything.

Apply a dab of white grease on either the valve stem or hole in the rim, and feed the stem through. Use the multi-function valve core tool to pull the valve through. It�ll snap into place when seated properly. Do not use pliers for this, as you could ruin the valve stem. One end of the multi-function valve tool is threaded so it will grab the valve stem nicely.

You�ll note that in order to replace the valve stem you need to know how to both break and restore a tire bead. That�s why I discuss those skills first.

They, along with the others, are not difficult to learn or use. And they come in really handy when you face a flat out in the middle of nowhere. Study and practice these skills at home so your next off-road adventure isn�t deflated by a flat tire.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Urban Disasters No Match For A Prepared 4-Wheeler

by Tom@4x4training.com — 2008-09-11

	In previous columns I�ve discussed how to prepare your vehicle for driving off-road, and offered a number of safety suggestions for you and your passengers. The goal, of course, is to make sure you are properly prepared for your trip and ready for most contingencies. In honor of National Preparedness Month, I�d like to revisit the issue of preparedness but take more of a �big picture� approach. It�s too easy to become complacent in our lives. We�re not faced with daily calamities and crises like you see in other parts of the world. We California residents are somewhat more in tune because we�re always under the threat of an earthquake, and we frequently deal with major events such as wildfires. But it�s still easy to take our relatively calm lifestyle for granted. Disaster can strike in a heartbeat. Will you know what to do when it does? How will you and your family react? Where will you go? These and many other questions will be blazing through your mind. Unfortunately, that is not the time to be asking questions. Instead, you must act, and act fast. How you respond when disaster strikes is directly related to how well you and your family have prepared. The Red Cross www.redcross.org and FEMA www.fema.gov provide a wealth of information on how to prepare for emergencies. The key is to take action now. Merely thinking about it won�t do any good. The interesting thing about 4-wheelers is to begin with they often are pretty well prepared. Their vehicles are well stocked with the necessary tools and materials, and many have what I call a survival mindset. We�re accustomed to being out among the elements, and can manage fairly well for a short period of time. The problem is the planning we do is just for the particular outdoor trip, which may last a few days at most. We don�t give much thought to how to handle a major urban crisis. Reviewing the Red Cross and FEMA sites will give you some great ideas. The next step is to put those thoughts into action. Don�t worry about accomplishing everything in one day. Some of these steps, like developing a plan, take time. What�s important is that you do something now. Use the �Swiss cheese� approach. When faced with a large, daunting task or problem, tackle the small matters you know you can accomplish. Over time you will punch enough holes in the main problem so that it looks like Swiss cheese and will fall apart on it own. Complete two actions today. First, develop your emergency contact list. This should be comprised of a friend or family member in another state. (A son in Michigan is on my list.) Sometimes only a long-distance call will go through. Just as you program your ICE (In Case of Emergency) numbers into your cell phone, you also select an individual to contact in the event of a major disaster. Make sure your family members know the contact person�s name and number. This person can relay messages for family members. During an emergency, and if you have the time, let your contact know where you are going should you have to evacuate. Second, establish two meeting places for your family. One should be just outside the house. This is especially critical during a fire. Too many people have perished because they ran back into their homes, not knowing that their loved ones were safely outside. The second location should be in your community, and is used in the event of a larger-scale disaster. Recently I successfully tested my ability, using ham radio, to contact my wife while she was in the parking lot at work. For us that parking lot is an ideal location, because it is local, sits on a hill, and there�s a good chance at least one of us will be there. OK, if you want one more simple action for today, jump on the FEMA site, click on the Plan Ahead tab, and print the suggestions listed under �Protect Your Family.� I also suggest that you keep your gas tank at least half full at all times, and create a Go-bag. Containing food, water, and other essentials, your Go-bag can help you survive on your own for several days. Backpacks with multiple pockets make really good Go-bags. Some people keep these in their homes; others store theirs in the vehicle. Either way, the Go Bag is essential for preparedness planning when you must leave immediately. You may also consider brushing up on your driving skills. Sign up for one or more off-road driving courses (such as a Rocks Clinic or the Basic Course), or an advanced course (Winching, for example), so you are better prepared to drive over broken streets, downed telephone poles, and other debris The Go-bag, along with the supplies and materials already on hand and the skills you bring to the table, turns your 4WD vehicle into what I like to call a Mobile Disaster Preparedness unit. Just what you need in a time of crisis. Emergency preparedness isn�t the most pleasant topic. We wish we didn�t have to even think about this. But disasters are a part of life. By preparing properly now you give yourself and your family a fighting chance should the unthinkable occur.
	I hope to see you on the trails! Tom Severin, President Badlands Off Road Adventures, Inc 4-Wheel Drive School 310-374-8047 http://www.4x4training.com Make it Fun. Make it Safe. ### FREE off-road information Get valuable advice and the latest tips for safe wheeling, hot new gear reviews, inside hints on upcoming events, and more! To receive your own copy of my exciting twice-monthly newsletter, click here: www.4x4training.com/contacts.html Note: We never sell or rent your name and email address! ### Want To Use This Article In Your Magazine, E-Zine, Club Newsletter Or Web Site? You are welcome to use it anytime, just be sure to include the following author/copyright information: Tom Severin, 4x4 Coach, teaches 4WD owners how to confidently and safely use their vehicles to the fullest extent in difficult terrain and adverse driving conditions. Visit www.4x4training.com to develop or improve your driving skill. Copyright 2008, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, Inc.

No Need to get Spun Out over your Tires

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-06

Tires are some of the most important yet under-appreciated parts on a vehicle. Without them, we literally could not get around.

Despite improvements in technology over the years, some 4WD owners still are very cautious when it comes to driving off road. An obvious sign is tires that aren�t aired down sufficiently. Apparently the drivers were trying to avoid risks related to under-inflated tires.

Sure, problems like a broken bead can occur. But those can be fixed rather easily. All you need are the proper skills and a handful of tools. With those under your belt and in your vehicle, you can handle most situations involving tires. It�s a lot simpler than you think to gain the peace of mind you�d like to have while driving off road.

Some people wonder why we don�t just throw on the spare every time. Think about it. By putting on your spare, you�re basically using your safety net. You should try to fix the main tire first. Unless it�s damaged severely, you should be able to use it again. And you�ll still have the spare as a back up.

If you immediately throw on the spare, you�re left with no other options. You have to hope that the spare will carry through the remainder of the course, or you head for home.

There are times, however, when you need to use the spare. If you�re ever in a dangerous situation that requires a quick exit, or you�re simply unable to make the necessary repairs, put the spare on and drive to a better location. Safety always comes first.

Tires take a pounding on the trails

Let�s take a look at tires and see why they are so prone to problems. First, they take a lot of abuse. They shoulder the weight of our vehicles, and are forced to carry us over some really nasty terrain. (Even pavement takes its toll on tires.)

On top of that, we air down the tires before hitting the trails. The weight of the vehicle causes the sidewalls to bulge making them susceptible to cuts and gashes. At the same time, with reduced air pressure the tire is unable to hold the bead as well, so we see a fair number of busted beads under these conditions.

The softer tire also increases the chance that a rim will get banged up on rocks. In addition, a valve stem can be damaged or torn out while driving through tight spots.

The types of problems you are likely to encounter fall into four general categories. To drive confidently off-road you should know how to:

Fix a popped bead
Plug a puncture
Break a bead
Replace a valve stem

The tools you�ll need include:

Compressor
Hi-lift� jack
A rag to clean out the rim
(optional) Steel brush on a long handle
Plug kit like UDS Hardware's Kit, Safety Seal� or ARB�s Speedy Seal
A couple extra valve stems
Multi-function valve core tool
BFH

Next time we�ll discuss each of the four important tasks in greater detail. The skills and tools needed to handle those situations provide you peace of mind so you can more fully enjoy your next off-road adventure.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Pack A Fire Extinguisher So You Don�t Get Burned

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-07-14

Four-wheelers are good about packing their vehicles with tools, tow straps, winch, food, water - you name it; they include it.

One piece of equipment that often gets overlooked, however, happens to be one of the more critical items: a fire extinguisher. Remember that a fire could occur inside or outside your vehicle. Ever wonder what you�d do if your campfire or stove got out of hand? Or if your engine compartment started smoking? You may never experience a fire�and I hope you don�t�but if you do, you�ll be thankful you packed an extinguisher. Many smaller fires can be snuffed out quickly and safely.

Extinguishers come in many sizes. I�ve found the 3 lb. size adequate for vehicles. Buy two high-quality refillable models. You�ll spend a few extra dollars, but it�ll be worth it. Think of a fire extinguisher as an insurance policy. You don�t want to cut corners there.

Mount one on the passenger side of the transmission tunnel. The other should be mounted in a visible spot on or near the back gate. The key here is that it is accessible. Too many people mount or place their extinguishers under boxes or other stuff in the back. It won�t do you any good if you can�t grab it quickly.

Another good spot, especially on smaller vehicles, is on the roll bar. Regardless of where you mount the extinguishers, make sure to review their locations and use with your passengers before departing.

Fire extinguishers come in a variety of types depending on their use. We�ll review only the more common ones here. (For more information, go to www.tvfr.com/dept/fm/extinguishers/index.html.) I�d like to thank my friends at Outdoor Adventure USA (www.oausa.net) for all their helpful comments.

Dry chemical � The most popular form for personal use, these are given a letter rating depending on the type of fire they are designed for. Make sure your extinguisher is rated ABC. That way it can be used on all types of fires, including fuel and electrical.

Advantages: They are easy to operate and will work on all types of fires, if you select the proper model.

Disadvantages: Once discharged, even for a short burst, they must be recharged. The pressure drops and you�ve lost a certain amount of chemical.

The nozzle can clog over time, rendering it useless (especially if you�ve discharged some chemical). Inspect the extinguisher regularly for obvious signs of clogging, but also take it in to an appropriate facility for inspection at least once a year. Make sure to keep the tag on the bottle so you know when it was last inspected.

Finally, the dry chemical is rather corrosive, and may harm sensitive electronic equipment. Make sure you thoroughly clean anything that has been hit with the chemical.

Halon � A very effective agent, but production has been banned due to its effect on the ozone layer. With only limited supplies left, halon extinguishers are becoming harder to find and more expensive.

Advantage: Said to be great on suppressing fires. Because it�s a gas, it leaves no residue.

Disadvantages: Expensive and difficult to find, and it disperses easily in windy conditions. Best used in enclosed spaces.

Halotron� - Marketed as a safer alternative to halon, this gas is said to be very effective in outdoor applications.

Advantage: Leaves no residue.

Disadvantages: Apparently geared more toward industrial applications, Halotron extinguishers aren�t as readily available. May be more expensive, too.

CO2 � A colorless, odorless gas, CO2 works by smothering the fire. Literally taking away the oxygen.

Advantages: Fairly effective in enclosed spaces and doesn�t leave a residue.

Disadvantage: Be careful when using, as the CO2 can affect you as well.

Final note: If you have mag wheels, DO NOT spray water on them should they start burning. You�ll cause an explosion. Use a Class D extinguisher if you have one, or let the fire department handle it. You can find more information on Class D extinguishers on the Web page mentioned above or through a quick Web search.

As you can see, an ABC-rated dry chemical extinguisher is probably your best bet. But what�s most important is that have extinguishers aboard. Inspect your vehicle now and install an extinguisher if you don�t already have one.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Be A Good Sport: Tread Lightly

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-30

Last time I covered the code of ethics that guides off-road driving. I�d like to go into greater detail here, and will use the Tread Lightly! pledge as a guide.

Tread Lightly! has separate categories for land and water, though the rules are similar for both. I�ve combined them, because many off-road enthusiasts also enjoy boating. (For more on Tread Lightly!, go to www.treadlightly.org.) They make it easy to remember the rules.

1. Travel responsibly and only on designated roads and trails, and launch your watercraft only in the proper areas. Drive carefully through streams to avoid disrupting habitat, and make sure to cross on designated paths.

Fish beds and spawning grounds are particularly susceptible to being churned up and destroyed by vehicles passing by. If you must travel through a stream, drive very slowly to avoid chewing up the stream bed.

2. Respect the rights of others, including private property owners, recreational trail users, campers, anglers, skiers, swimmers, boaters and others so they may enjoy their recreational activities undisturbed.

There is enough room out there for all of us to enjoy our hobbies. On those particularly busy days or weekends, be extra considerate of your fellow outdoor enthusiasts. They have as much right to the land and water as you do.

3. Educate yourself by learning rules and regulations, obtaining travel maps and regulations from public agencies, planning for your trip, taking recreation skills classes, and knowing how to use and to operate your equipment.

Don�t try to wing it. The outdoors can be a very unforgiving place. Too many people have found themselves in dire straights because they took their skills for granted. Even experienced drivers encounter difficult situations on occasion. Prepare well before you set out.

4. Avoid sensitive areas such as meadows, lakeshores, wetlands and streams, unless on designated routes. This protects wildlife habitat and sensitive soils from damage. Do not operate your watercraft in shallow waters or near shorelines at high speeds.

Much like we discussed Point #1, the idea is to minimize destruction to native habitat. Numerous birds, fish, mammals, and amphibians live in the areas where we take our boats and vehicles. We must operate our equipment to minimize the impact it has on the environment.

5. Do your part by leaving the area better than you found it. This involves properly disposing of waste, minimizing the use of fire, avoiding the spread of invasive species, restoring degraded areas, and joining a local enthusiast organization.

I like to apply the Golden Rule: Treat the land and waterways as you would like your own property to be treated. Do you allow guests to dump garbage and tear up your front yard when they stop by? Of course not. So avoid that kind of behavior when you�re on public lands.

As you can see, these are simple and common-sense principles. Unfortunately, we don�t always follow them. We may not be intentionally violating them; more likely just getting a bit lazy. Recommit yourself to following these principles, and you�ll have a more enjoyable and rewarding time outdoors.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Good Driving Ethics Help Keep Trails Open For All

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-06-15

Summer is here, and for many off-road enthusiasts, that means spending even more time on the numerous trails and paths available to us. This is a good time to review the code of ethics that all conscientious drivers live by. Sometimes we become a bit complacent, and forget the fundamentals that have guided drivers for years.

By closely adhering to the following principles, you show that you are a concerned driver, and you help ensure that the trails remain open to us for years to come.

First, you should always strive to have a positive impact on the environment. Put another way, leave the area in better shape than when you arrived. To do your part:

Properly dispose of waste
Minimize your use of fire
Avoid spreading invasive species

Second, respect the rights of others. Realize that the trails and public lands are used by a wide range of folks, including hikers, bikers, campers, and other 4WD folks. At times you will encounter others, some of whom will be on or near the trail. Public lands are open to all; no one can lay claim to a specific portion.

Understand that your driving may seem disruptive to others. They should accept your presence, but you must also accommodate them. Minimize noise and the amount of dirt you kick up while driving by. And for heaven�s sake, don�t get into arguments or fights. If an issue seems beyond resolving, drive away. You may feel like the victim, but in reality you are the better person for taking the high road.

Finally, encourage others to live by these standards. Become a spokesperson for ethical driving. As you meet other drivers, on the trails or elsewhere, talk about what it means to be an ethical driver, and how they benefit by following these principles. Help spread this message among our members�you are welcome to forward this e-mail�and let them know that �real men� (and �real women�) follow these sound principles. Work hard to maintain all we have won to this point.

These principles aren�t new or particularly earth-shattering. Driving ethically involves following the rules, including the Golden Rule: Treat others�and the land�as you would like to be treated. If you always do the right thing, you can never go wrong.

It starts with having the proper attitude. An attitude which suggests that I am not an owner of the land, but merely a steward. I have been given permission to use this land, and I will treat it with the utmost respect. I know this privilege may be taken away at any time, so I will do all I can to keep that from happening.

If all of us took this approach, the negative comments from the environmentalists and the media would cease. And we could count on enjoying our beloved hobby for many years to come.

I hope to see you on the trails!

10 Improtant Tasks After Driving Off-Road

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-05-26

Just as you put a lot of thought and preparation into your trip before you set off, you should also take the time afterward to ensure that your vehicle and gear survived the drive and are ready for the next adventure. Even a mild course can affect your vehicle.

Print this checklist and keep it in your glove compartment or other dry location. By following this list carefully, you ensure that you review every important section or component of your vehicle.

First and foremost, do a thorough inspection of your vehicle to make sure that it is in safe driving condition. You should not take the vehicle onto roads, especially the highway, if there are significant structural or other safety issues.

1. Air up your tires. Don�t try to drive on pavement with your tires low on pressure. Not only will you have difficulty handling the vehicle, but you risk serious damage to tires and rims. Check your tire pressure the following morning. It can drop 2 to 5 PSI overnight. Remember that you aired up when the tires were hot.

2. Wash and vacuum your vehicle. This will help prevent the spread of weed seeds to other areas, but also makes it easier to spot any fluid leaks and damage that needs repairing. Invasive plants are a problem all over the U.S., caused in part by people driving in multiple areas�sometimes even in different states�without cleaning their vehicles between trips. As a result, they spread noxious weeds to new locations. Be a good sport and clean your vehicle after each off-road drive.

3. Wash your engine. Drive to an appropriate facility, turn off the engine, and hose it down. With a clean engine, you can spot any leak that has developed, as well as a loose bolt, hose, clamp, or other part.

4. Check fluid levels, fan or serpentine belt, and other parts. If you do this frequently enough, you will become accustomed to your engine compartment, and it will be easier to spot a problem or potential problem when one occurs.

5. Examine the differential and transmission for cracks and the fluids for water.

6. Inspect and clean drum brakes, if applicable. Pull off the drums and clean out any mud or sand inside. That will wear down your brakes in a hurry. This is a good time to adjust your brakes or even replace the shoes, if need be.

7. Inspect CV boots, struts and shocks, and other underbody parts. Any need replacing? Take a look at joints, bearings, and other parts that may need regreasing. What about the nuts and bolts that hold the axle and suspension together? The vehicle�s suspension system (track bar, control arm, shocks, and spring) are very susceptible to loosening and affect the drivability. Problems with any one of these items could cause damage to the drive train over time.

8. Push and pull on the suspension to see if anything is loose. Push on the side of the vehicle. Are the track bars loose? Have a friend rotate the steering wheel back and forth while you inspect the tie rod ends.

9. Inspect your tools. Are they clean, in order, and accessible?

10. Clean and restock any fluids or gear (including medical supplies, spare parts, and fire extinguisher) you used or that became damaged (such as recovery straps). Create a list of repairs and other actions action items during the trip or on the way home while it is still fresh in your mind. Make sure you put back all the essential items, and that your vehicle is tidy and prepared for your next trip.

I hope to see you on the trails!

10 Safety Rules For Off-Road Driving

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-05-16

Four-wheeling is one of the more exciting hobbies you can experience. Going off road opens your eyes to places you would not otherwise see. It also challenges you, as the terrain is far different from what you are accustomed to driving on. And you can find yourself in a remote and very hostile environment in just a few hours.

Follow these very important rules for a safer and more enjoyable ride.

Let someone know where you will be and when you expect to return. This applies to all trips, not just those in challenging areas. People have been known to get stuck or lost in relatively easy terrain. Should something happen and you�re unable to leave the area or call for help, your friends or family will know to contact authorities.

Always have at least one other vehicle along. This ensures that you will have transportation out in the event your vehicle becomes stuck or damaged and can�t be fixed there. Plus, the extra vehicle means additional manpower to help with problems.

Pack survival gear. Even a Sunday drive on the beach can turn sour. Pack the proper gear to get you through the night and to handle medical emergencies that may occur.

Tie everything down inside. Your gear will go flying around if you roll over or lay the vehicle on its side. Loose items become missiles which can injure and kill anyone inside.

Everyone wears a seatbelt, just like when you drive on paved roads. You and your passengers will get jostled around quite a bit on many of the trails. Plus, the possibility for a rollover or crash exists at any time. The big rock you suddenly hit could cause you or your passengers to go flying out a window. Make sure everyone is belted in.

Arms and legs must remain inside. Many trails run through narrow passageways. Any arms or legs hanging outside can get torn off by the trees, cliff walls, or rocks just outside your vehicle. If the vehicle begins to tip your instinct is to put your hand out. There is no way you will be able to stop a vehicle this way. Roll your windows up if you can�t control the urge.

Also, make sure no one holds onto the roll bar. Their fingers will get smashed in the event of a roll over. Hands can also be injured if you drive under low-hanging branches.

Quit if you become tired. Four-wheeling requires the utmost concen-tration. Any letdown can lead to an accident and perhaps death. If you feel fatigued at all, pull over and rest, or let someone else drive. Do not force it.

Lock it down. When driving off-road, you are seldom on level ground. Make sure your vehicle will not roll away from you. When you stop, put the vehicle in park, apply the emergency brake, and turn off the engine.

Do not hang on a vehicle. If the vehicle gets stuck in a precarious position, do not try to pull it down or otherwise tip it by hand. And absolutely do not climb on the vehicle. Use the proper tools and techniques, and always be a safe distance away. A vehicle can and will crush you if given the chance.

Treat winches and high-lift straps with respect. The straps, clevises, and other pieces are under extreme tension when in use. Inspect all parts before using, and stand clear while you are trying to recover a vehicle. A failure in gear or rigging can be lethal to you and by standers.

I hope to see you on the trails!

The Desert is Not Your Personal Sandbox

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-26

You�ve heard the old saying many times: Haul it in and haul it out. That generally applies to trash, but more places now require that visitors carry out their human waste as well. In some, you don�t have any choice. In the Moab, UT area and on the Rubicon Trail, for example, the ground is so rocky that it�s impossible to dig even a small hole.

4-wheelers for the most part are good about cleaning up after themselves, but some still need guidance regarding the sensitive topic of going to the bathroom.

This isn�t the most pleasant topic to discuss in public, but it is necessary. Too many of our trails and camping areas have literally become open-air outhouses. What�s really annoying is all the toilet paper lying around because the user didn�t take the time to bury it or put it in a plastic bag for disposal.

Dealing with toilet time is challenging, no doubt about it. Some drivers have tried a portable toilet (often called a porta-potty). Those are fine if you�re on a flat, level surface or in an RV. In addition to their size, these units use liquids to treat the waste, making them impractical for 4-wheelers.

A better option is the PETT� toilet system. PETT uses a dry chemical, and provides plastic bags to catch and store the waste.

It�s a pretty nifty system. A small bag, which contains the chemical, is used during each trip to the toilet. That bag is sealed and dropped into a larger bag which is hung inside the toilet. At the end of your trip you simply dispose of all the bags in a trash receptacle. You can choose from 12-, 50- and 100-pack waste kits. All kits include toilet paper and hand sanitizer.

The PETT system is available at most camping-supply stores. For more information, check out the manufacturer�s Web site at www.thepett.com.

Other options include the �pickle bucket� or a large can used with kitty litter.

Start by pouring enough kitty litter into the container so it�s at least an inch deep. After going to the toilet, cover all waste with at least a half-inch of kitty litter. Leave at least an inch of room at the top so you can apply a final layer of kitty litter.

Regardless of the container you use, make sure it has a tight-fitting lid. You don�t want the contents spilling out while you�re bouncing around the trails. Also, consider purchasing some pet deodorizer to apply after each trip to the toilet. A regular-size bottle or box should be sufficient for your needs. Check your favorite pet store or general merchandise store for options.

Of course, you�ll need something to sit on, so pick up a toilet seat designed for outdoors use at any camping-supply store. They�re relatively inexpensive and last a long time.

Whether you use the PETT system or some other method, make a point to properly take care of your human waste. Doing so will show others that we truly do care about protecting the environment.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Launch of Outdoor Adventure USA Amateur Net

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-17

Join us for the launch of the Outdoor Adventure USA Amateur Radio Net on April 24th, 2008.

Outdoor Adventure USA was originally created by "off-roading" enthusiasts who also happened to be licensed Amateur Radio operators (Ham radio). They believe that safely enjoying outdoor adventures, (while using a vehicle), seemed to be a perfect marriage with Amateur Radio. For a host of reasons, Ham radio is an indispensable part of enjoying the outdoors, especially in the more remote areas where this adventure is sometimes the best.

They have therefore combined interests in outdoor adventures with Ham Radio and created this net and its accompanying website, www.oausa.net. The net will host a wide variety of discussions concerning topics such as camping, vehicle preparation and maintenance, cooking, wilderness survival, first aid, Ham Radio (operation, installation and maintenance), photography, firearms, and many others.

This net will air weekly and will be open to anyone with the necessary Ham equipment. It will be an open discussion of the many topics which are of interest to outdoor enthusiasts and will be an opportunity to have a direct conversation with the speakers and ask questions and offer advice and information. The "net" will be open to any licensed Ham or anyone who is under the direct supervision of a licensed Ham. The "net" will be available just about anywhere in the US with the proper connections. A complete discussion of how to participate is covered in the Forums at http://oausa.net/forums/ .

For those Ham's in Southern California your options to log in to the net is;

Keller Peak @ 146.385, with (+) offset and a PL of 146.2.

Echolink users anywhere, use KE6TZG-L to talk & listen on Keller.

Tune in at 7:30 PM, every Thursday. We will have Gordon West as our guest for this first net.

I hope to see you on the trails and hear you on the air!

Don't Lose Your Head While Recovering a Vehicle

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-04-15

If there�s one maxim that applies to 4-wheeling regardless of where you ride and under what conditions it is this: There is no substitute for safety. In many instances the margin for error is slim.

One of the more dangerous situations arises when a vehicle is stuck. Even if the vehicle is upright and on stable ground, you still must use the proper equipment and technique. One mistake, and someone could get killed. It�s happened a couple times in the past few years, and the lessons learned from these sad incidents should serve as a wake-up call to anyone who drives off road. Both incidents, coincidently, occurred in Michigan, but they could�ve happened anywhere.

In one case, in 2004, the driver was attempting to pull his vehicle out using two 3-inch recovery straps hooked together with a clevis. During the attempt one recovery strap broke, and the clevis sprung back like a missile toward the vehicle being pulled. Sadly, the driver was standing behind his vehicle at that time�which you should never do for this reason�and was facing the other direction. He never saw the clevis screaming toward his head.

In another incident two years later, a 33-year-old man was killed when a metal clamp from the tow strap he and his friends were using broke off and came crashing through his windshield. He never had a chance to react, and died at the scene.

Both men left behind grieving families and friends. The worst part is, both tragedies could have been avoided had the drivers and their buddies used sound judgment.

Several lessons come out of these terrible tragedies. First, there are distinct differences between a tow strap and a recovery strap. Tow straps are designed merely to pull a vehicle from Point A to Point B over solid ground. They don�t have any stretch in them and have metal hooks on the ends.

A recovery strap is made to stretch and therefore absorb and smooth out some of the tension created during recovery. They typically are rated at 20,000 lbs. or more, which is needed for a safe recovery operation. In addition, the straps have sewn-in loops at the ends, as opposed to metal hooks or clamps.

Never use clevises, hooks, or other metal objects to connect recovery straps to each other. There is a proper way to do that, which I cover in my Getting Started class. Finally, never stand in the path of a recovery strap. While the strap may appear to be in good shape, it could still snap. Even fabric packs a wallop when it�s under stress. And, for good measure, place a large blanket over the middle of the strap. It will act like a parachute and slow down a broken strap.

Recovery operations are a fact of off-road driving. While hazardous by nature, by using proper equipment and technique, you not only clear your vehicle, but you ensure that you are around to drive another day.

I hope to see you on the trails!

Top 10 Must Have Items For Your Recently Purchased 4WD Vehicle

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-03-27

Top 10 Must-Have Items For Your Recently Purchased Vehicle

You�ve heard of David Letterman�s Top 10 list. I have one as well. But instead of poking fun at someone or something, my list is serious. It�s designed to prepare you and your vehicle for off-road driving. While these are ranked in order of importance, you should consider all recommendations to be critical to safe and successful four-wheeling.

1. Training � Everyone should take at least a basic off-road course from an instructor certified by the International 4-Wheel Drive Trainers� Association. In those courses you cover a number of important topics, including safe 4-wheel drive techniques, vehicle safety, trail etiquette, and environmental awareness. To find a certified training facility near you, visit the association Web site at www.i4wdta.org

2. Safety � 4-wheeling by its nature is done in hostile environments. At a minimum you can get some bumps and bruises. Cuts and sprains are possible too; even bug bites. A good first aid is comprised of at least four categories of products: tools, meds, wound care, and fracture kit, all stored in a water-proof container.

I also highly recommend you take a Wilderness First Responder course. They pack a lot of good information into the 72-hour course, such as how to deal with dislocations, severe cuts, anaphylaxic shock, and even fractures. To find a course near you, go to www.wildmed.com

Finally, make sure you have a good fire extinguisher in your vehicle. I suggest an ABC-rated 3 lb. rechargeable extinguisher with a gauge and a metal nose on it. (A plastic nose will break off.) Mount it where it�s accessible quickly and visible but secure so it�s not bouncing around in the vehicle.

3. Communication � You need to stay in touch while on the trails. CB is really popular out there. There are lots of brands and models to choose from, but I�ve heard good things about Cobra brand radios. You could also consider getting licensed as a ham radio operator. That would give you access to more radio frequencies, which extends your options.

Regardless of the route you go, make sure you mount your equipment well. Off-road driving creates a lot of vibration inside the vehicle, which affects any equipment you are carrying.

If you decide on CB, buy the standard �-wave antenna. Those long whip-like antennas you sometimes see are not practical off-road, and in fact can be quite dangerous.

4. Recovery strap and tow point � 20,000 lb. rated strap (ultimate breaking strength) with loops sewn in the ends as opposed to metal hooks. Remember that this is a recovery strap, not a towing strap. They�re two inches wide, and available in 20- and 30-foot lengths. I usually buy one of each to give myself options on distance. But you can get by with one, to start.

Tow points should be integrated into the vehicle frame if it doesn�t already have towing hooks on the front and back ends. Go to a reputable shop, and make sure the tow points are rated for the GVW.

5. Tires � Replace the passenger tires with a good set of all terrain or mud terrain tires suited to your vehicle. Those provide better performance and hold up much better off road. Drive your vehicle for at least a year before making major modifications, such as adding traction control aids, bigger tires, and other mechanical aids. This way you will develop your driving skills.

6. Tire kit � Included here are a good tire gauge (one that reads from 0-60 in 1 lb. increments), a deflator, and a plug kit. Tires, as you can image, take a pounding on many trails, so you must be able to plug small cuts and holes. Also, get the Trail Head automatic deflators. They can be set for your desired pressure and will stop automatically when they reach that pressure. For more information, go to www.trailheaddeflators.com

7. Hi-Lift jack � Extremely useful for off-road recovery and tire repair. A stock jack just won�t cut it. The only drawback is that the nose (lifting point) is straight and flat, so it does not work with curved or round bumpers. But, adapters exist that work with curved bumpers. Link to Hi-lift on Amazon

8. Winch and accessories � A winch is not absolutely necessary, but it provides peace of mind. I prefer that you spend your money on a winch rather then on lockers, lift, etc. until you have honed your driving skills. Get one that�s rated at least 1.5 times the GVW. Mount it so the bumper does not obscure a clear view of the full top of the winch.

You�ll need a winch kit, also. At a minimum this kit includes a tree strap, pulley, two D-rings�I recommend four�and a pair of gloves. The pin inside the D-rings (often called a clevice) should be at least ��. Any brand will do; all manufacturers sell quality winch kits.

9. Air compressor � There are various options. Some fit in a bag, others can be installed permanently. Get one that taps directly into the vehicle battery. Those designed to be plugged into the cigarette lighter take too long to operate. Other alternatives are CO2 tanks and engine drive compressors. A really neat product is the �dual force,� a combined winch and compressor from Warn.

10. Vehicle repair tools � A basic tool kit is fine. But be sure to include the 4-wheeler�s ultimate tool, a BFH (Big Frickin� Hammer). As they say on TV, don�t leave home without it!

I hope to see you on the trails!

Camping in The Mojave Desert

tom@4x4training.com — 2008-03-12

As a four-wheeler, youv'e probably spent countless hours driving the hundreds of miles of roads and trails in the Mojave Desert. Did you ever consider camping there as well? You should. Camping in the desert can be a remarkably enjoyable experience.

At 1.5 million acres, the Mojave National Preserve offers a lot of space for quality sightseeing and camping. Despite the harsh conditions, vegetation and wildlife are in abundance. More than dozen species of trees, over 60 varieties of shrubs, and several different cacti, including Old Man Cactus and Cotton Top cactus, can be found there. The Desert Sand Verbena, Lupine, Beavertail Cactus, and my favorite the Creosol bush bloom in spring, and are quite beautiful. Birds and animals you may see include hawks, falcons, bighorn sheep, coyotes, desert tortoise, and rattlesnakes.

The National Park Service encourages hiking and backpacking in the Preserve. There is no permit required for groups of fewer than 15 people.

Camping Options Are Numerous. The Preserve offers two developed campgrounds and a group campground. Sites are reserved on a first come, first served basis; the current fee is $12/night.

The Hole-in-the-Wall Campground, for example, is considered a wonderful spot for camping. It has 35 campsites, and sports pit toilets, picnic tables, and limited drinking water. There are no utility hookups but there is a sanitary disposal station. At 4,400 feet, its sculpted volcanic walls provide an incredible backdrop for the amazing scenery.

Because vegetation is sparse, you are not allowed to collect firewood in the Preserve. Campfires are allowed in the campgrounds, but you must bring your own firewood. Portable stoves are permitted. Dispersed camping is allowed in the Preserve. Y ou may make a camp fire only if there is an existing fire ring. A good idea would be to bring your own fire pan.

Temperatures vary widely in the Mojave Desert. Daytime temperatures in the spring can range from 55 to 75 (F); at night, they drop to 45 to 60 degrees.

Be Prepared Before You Head Into The DesertDo not take this environment for granted, regardless of your skill level. While beautiful, it can be unforgiving. Never camp alone. Before setting out, let your family know where you will be and when you expect to return.

Make sure you take enough supplies, including water, adequate clothing (dont forget a broad-brimmed hat and sunglasses), food, a first aid kit, and a functioning radio or phone. Watch your step, as poisonous snakes live in the desert. Be mindful of your own health and that of your fellow campers. Heat exhaustion and stroke are common, as is surprisingly hypothermia. People have been known to get caught in a freak nighttime rainstorm.

With proper preparation, your stay in the desert will be as rewarding as it is exhilarating. You will come back with a lifetime of memories and some great pictures.

I hope to see you on the trails!

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